1、Designation: F1994 99 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forShipboard Fixed Foam Firefighting Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1994; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers shipboard, fixed (installed)foam/sprinkling firefighting systems.1.2 Sat
3、isfactory completion of these tests indicates func-tional performance of the fixed foam firefighting system andmay be used to demonstrate the system installations compli-ance with the design characteristics of the system.1.3 Tests made in conformity with this test method areintended to demonstrate t
4、he installation and operation of aninstalled, fixed foam firefighting system. As it includes regu-latory requirements, this standard addresses those vesselssubject to regulations and ship classification rules. However,the methods stated herein are suitable for unregulated commer-cial vessels, pleasu
5、re craft, military vessels, and similar vesselsthat are not required to meet regulations for firefightingsystems.1.4 Limitations:1.4.1 International requirements, national regulations, andship classification rules must be consulted. The followingregulatory requirements and classification society rul
6、es wereconsidered in the preparation of this test method:1.4.1.1 International Convention for the Safety of Life atSea (SOLAS), 1974 SOLAS Convention, 1978 SOLAS Pro-tocol, and the 1981 and 1983 SOLAS Amendments, II-2/8,“Fixed low-expansion foam extinguishing systems in machin-ery spaces,”1.4.1.2 U.
7、S. Government regulations included in 46 CFR76, 46 CFR 95, and 46 CFR 108 as those regulations arewritten and enforced by the United States Cost Guard, and1.4.1.3 The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Rules forBuilding and Classing Steel Vessels. However, the owner willdesignate the specific classif
8、ication society which is to be usedto classify a particular vessel.1.4.2 The requirements, regulations, and rules for a specificdesign must be selected by the owner based on the plannedoperating profile for the vessel.1.4.3 This test method reflects international requirements,U.S. Government regulat
9、ions, and ABS rules in effect at thetime it was prepared, and may not include requirementsadopted subsequent to the effective date of this test method.1.4.4 This test method does not include requirements for theselection, design, installation, and maintenance of foam fire-fighting systems. It applie
10、s to installed systems whose designsmeet all applicable international requirements, national regu-lations, and ship classification rules.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
11、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents apply to this test method onlyto the extent referenced herein. However, they may be furtherinvoked by the ship owner as part of
12、 the design requirementsfor the vessel.2.2 ASTM Standards:2A795/A795M Specification for Black and Hot-DippedZinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded and Seamless SteelPipe for Fire Protection UseF998 Specification for Centrifugal Pump, Shipboard UseF1030 Practice for Selection of Valve OperatorsF1155 Practic
13、e for Selection and Application of PipingSystem MaterialsF1198 Guide for Shipboard Fire Detection SystemsF1333 Specification for Construction of Fire and FoamStation CabinetsF1370 Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Wa-ter Systems, ShipboardF1508 Specification for Angle Style, Pressure Re
14、lief Valvesfor Steam, Gas, and Liquid ServicesF1510 Specification for Rotary Positive DisplacementPumps, Ships UseF1547 Guide Listing Relevant Standards and Publications1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of
15、 Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1994 99(2005).DOI: 10.1520/F1994-99R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
16、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.for Commercial Shipbuilding2.3 Cod
17、e of Federal Regulations (CFR):3Title 46, Part 76, Fire Protection Equipment, Subpart 76.17,Foam Extinguishing Systems, DetailsTitle 46, Part 76, Subpart 76.23, Manual Sprinkling System,DetailsTitle 46, Part 95, Fire Protection Equipment, Subpart 95.17,Foam Extinguishing Systems, DetailsTitle 46, Pa
18、rt 108, Design and Equipment, Subpart D, FireExtinguishing Systems, 108.459108.4772.4 ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels:4Part 4, Section 6 Pumps and Piping SystemsPart 4, Section 9 Fire Extinguishing SystemsPart 4, Section 11 ShipboardAutomatic and Remote-controlSystems5/4B.11 Fire P
19、rotection and Fire Extinction2.5 IACS Documents:5Comparable rules also are published by other members ofthe International Association of Classification Societies52.6 IMO SOLAS Regulations:6SOLAS II-2 Construction Fire Protection, Fire Detectionand Fire Extinction2.7 ANSI Standard:7B16.34 Small Butt
20、Welding End Valves2.8 NFPA Publications:8NFPA 11 Standard for Low Expansion Foam2.9 SNAME Bulletins:9Technical and effective operation of portions of the foamdistribution system and foam maker sprinkling nozzles forselected zones.4.2.1 This test method verifies application rates and areas ofcoverage
21、 for each type of discharge device of the fixed foamfirefighting system.4.2.2 The satisfactory operation of the system in the selectedzones is a measure of overall system capacity and anticipatedoperation for emergency use. The test, however, may not berepresentative of all emergency operating condi
22、tions that mayvary with changes in the number of zones that are activatedsimultaneously, the material condition of the distribution andsprinkling components as they are maintained over time, andrestoration of the system following its use for testing or actualemergencies.4.3 Test procedures shall be
23、prepared for the conduct oftests of foam firefighting systems in specific vessels. Thoseprocedures shall be tailored to the system design for the systemas installed and operated in each vessel.4.3.1 Tests accomplished in accordance with approved testprocedures may be sufficient to demonstrate that t
24、he vesselmeets the regulatory and classification requirements for thevessel.4.3.2 Approval of test procedures by a classification societymay be necessary.4.3.3 Test procedures must state operating parameters andvalues (for example, flow rate, pressure, time to activate)which define pass/fail criteri
25、a for each test.4.4 Certification of the vessel or classification of the vesselor both by the regulatory bodies may require that tests bewitnessed by a marine inspector or surveyor or both whorepresents both regulatory bodies.4.5 Interpretation of Results:4.5.1 Leakage at any piping system mechanica
26、l joint that iscorrected “on-the-spot” is not cause for test rejection.4.5.2 Any erratic operation detected in the zone controlvalves, seawater sprinkling pump discharge bypass-overboardvalves, or control devices is cause for rejection of the test. Thecomponent causing the erratic operation shall be
27、 repaired orreplaced and a retest performed.4.5.3 Any operation which does not meet the pass/failcriteria defined by the test procedure(s) is cause for rejection ofthe test. The cause of the failure shall be determined, the designor installation, or both, corrected as appropriate, and a retestperfor
28、med.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.4Available from American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), ABS Plaza, 16855Northchase Dr., Houston, TX 77060, http:/www.eagle.org.5Other IACS
29、 members and locations at which their publications are available areidentified by Guide F1547 at Section 4. Publication lists of some IACS members canbe found in Guide F1547, Section 5.6International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is availablefrom International Maritime Organizatio
30、n (IMO), 4 Albert Embankment, London,England SE1 7SR.7Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.8Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.o
31、rg.9Available from Society of NavalArchitects and Marine Engineers, 601 PavoniaAve., Jersey City, NJ 07306.F1994 99 (2011)25. Hazards5.1 Safety HazardsThe following safety precautions mustbe taken when conducting tests in accordance with testprocedures that conform with this test method. However, th
32、is isnot an inclusive listing of all hazards which may occur whenthis test method is followed, see 1.5. Appropriate safety hazardstatements must be included in test procedures that conformwith this test method.5.1.1 Live control circuits are exercised during tests per-formed in accordance with this
33、test method. This can result inthe inadvertent discharge of seawater or seawater/foam solu-tion.5.1.1.1 Remote operation of valves which allow dischargeof fluids directly into interior spaces of the vessel is required.5.1.1.2 Tag out electrical circuits or tag closed valves asappropriate for each te
34、st.5.1.2 The fixed foam firefighting system includes reliefvalves and pressure-regulating valves which limit the internalpressures to which piping and valves of the system aresubjected. Failure of these devices to control or limit systempressure may result in component failures.5.1.3 The following s
35、afety and control devices are requiredto conduct the tests:5.1.3.1 Pumps relief valves;5.1.3.2 Seawater sprinkling pump discharge bypass-overboard relief valves which must be set in accordance withthe maximum system operating pressure; and5.1.3.3 Zone sprinkling control, remotely operated valves,as
36、applicable.5.1.4 All precautions to ensure safety of life and equipmentprotection in compliance with the industrial facilitys andvessels established safety precautions shall be followed at alltimes in the conduct of foam firefighting system tests.5.1.5 Portions of the fixed foam firefighting system
37、shouldnot be disabled or isolated for tests until just before the aspecific test event is scheduled to commence. This will leavethe system functional for use in case of an actual fire.5.2 Precautionary StatementsThe following precautionsshould be taken when conducting tests in accordance with testpr
38、ocedures which conform with this test method. Appropriateprecautions and warning statements must be included in testprocedures that conform with this test method.5.2.1 All appropriate electrical circuits must be de-energized and tagged when doing any test or demonstrationinvolving contact with elect
39、rical conductors.5.2.2 It is against environmental regulations to dischargeseawater/foam solutions within 3 miles of shore in the UnitedStates. Care must be taken to prevent discharge of foam intocoastal waters of any country. Therefore, all in-port testing is tobe accomplished using fresh water or
40、clean seawater. Foamconcentration testing, by dispersion of actual seawater/foamsolution, is to be accomplished only when underway, welloutside coastal waters, or the seawater/foam solution is dis-charged to a containment vessel for disposal in conformancewith local regulations.5.2.3 Sprinkling or o
41、ther discharge into interior spaces canlead to water or seawater/foam solution accumulation. Vesselstability can be dangerously affected if dewatering systems arenot fully functional and operating. Operators must closelymonitor the amount of water accumulated on deck during anyphase of demonstration
42、s or testing. Demonstrations or testingshould be suspended if such accumulation cannot be controlledand sufficient stability maintained.5.2.4 All equipment or surfaces that could be damaged bywater during testing, in way of hose reel discharge areas or inzones where fresh water or seawater/foam solu
43、tions will bedischarged from foam maker sprinkling nozzles, or both,should be covered with plastic or otherwise protected from thedischarge.5.2.5 Any piping flanges that formerly were blanked toconduct hydrostatic testing of the foam distribution systemshould be inspected for tightness during the op
44、erational tests.5.2.6 Precaution shall be taken to ensure proper valvealignment to prevent flooding the vessel during any testrequiring operation of the seawater sprinkling system, seawatersprinkling pumps, foam proportioning pumps, and foam con-centrate transfer pumps.5.2.7 Any tests requiring seaw
45、ater or seawater/foam solu-tion to be pumped through foam distribution system pipingshall be conducted only after precautions have been taken toinsure the watertight integrity at the maximum system operat-ing pressure of all affected piping and valves.5.2.8 Appropriate zone control valves shall be t
46、agged closedduring in-port testing to preclude accidental discharge of foamconcentrate entering the distributive system or being dis-charged overboard.5.2.9 Isolate system areas or zones that are not used in aspecific test.5.3 Remedial StatementsSystem restoration followingdemonstrations should incl
47、ude the following actions.5.3.1 Restore all electrical power to the pumps and controls.Ensure that all electrical and control circuits are set for normaloperation.5.3.2 Ensure that tags installed on remotely operated valveshave been removed.5.3.3 Ensure that all distribution piping and valves areali
48、gned for normal operation.5.3.4 Clean up all areas and equipment that may have beenwetted by sprinkling or flooding incidental to these demonstra-tions.5.3.5 Remove any “socks” or other devices installed tocontain water or foam discharged during demonstrations.5.3.6 Remove any test instrumentation o
49、r gauges installedfor the demonstrations.5.3.7 Ensure that foam concentrate tanks are filled withfoam concentrate.6. Overview of Fixed Foam Firefighting System Tests6.1 There are two phases of testing the fixed foam andseawater sprinkling system: system installation tests and sys-tem operational tests.6.2 Installation testing is intended to demonstrate the integ-rity of the system as it was installed in the vessel. It comprisesa series of tests to demonstrate that the foam/sprinkling systemis completely installed. It is essential that this testing becompleted before
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