ASTM F2049-2003 Standard Guide for Fences Barriers for Public Commercial and Multi-Family Residential Use Outdoor Play Areas《公共、商用和多家庭住宅户外游戏场所用栅栏的标准指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2049 03Standard Guide forFences/Barriers for Public, Commercial, and Multi-FamilyResidential Use Outdoor Play Areas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re

2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides the recommended minimum re-quirements for denoting various types of fences/ba

3、rriers for theprotection of childrens outdoor play spaces in public, com-mercial, and multi-family residential use locations. This guideexcludes individual single family residential use play equip-ment locations.1.2 This guide provides for the safety of occupants in playareas or zones as it pertains

4、 to vehicular intrusion as well asother participant intrusion, and for children containment orentry/exit.1.3 This guide does not purport to address the aspect ofsafety within a play area or zone. It is the responsibility of theuser of this guide to establish appropriate safety practices asrelated to

5、 the play area and determine the applicability ofregulatory requirements prior to use.1.4 This guide does not choose the product components forthe fence system, the choice of which should be made by theoperators of the play space and their specification writers ordrafters based upon their determinat

6、ion of the merits of theproducts that could be used.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 123/A 123M Specification for Zinc HotDip GalvanizedCoatings on Iron and

7、Steel Products2A 392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence Fabric2A 491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric2F 552 Terminology Relating to Chain-Link Fencing2F 567 Practice for Installation of Chain-Link Fence2F 626 Specification for Fence Fittings2F 668 Spec

8、ification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) andOther Organic Polymer-Coated Steel Chain-Link FenceFabric2F 1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Metal Industrial Chain-Link Fence Framework2F 1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence St

9、ructures2F 1183 Specification for Aluminum Alloy Chain-LinkFence Fabric2F 1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric2F 1664 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)-Coated Steel Tension Wire Used with Chain-Link Fence22.2 CPSC Document:Model Poo

10、l Barriers Publication2.3 BOCA Document:BOCA National Building Code/1993 12th Edition2.4 Research Reports:Colcote, L. R. and Mitchie, J. D., National CooperativeHighway Research Program Report #54, “Location, Se-lection, and Maintenance of Highway Guardrails andMedian Barriers,” S. W. Research Insti

11、tute, San Antonio,TX2.5 Building Codes:Standard Building Code, 1994 Edition, 2nd printingUniform Building Code, Vol. II, Section 311.2.3.5: VehicleBarrier2.6 Other Documents:Other association standard weld wire draft specifications.3. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F 552 for definitions of terms rel

12、atingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, ntype of containment that surrounds andobstructs primarily people passage to or from the play area.3.2.2 barrier, ntype of containment or deflector systemthat surrounds and obstructs primarily vehicle passage

13、into aplay area, such as bollards and posts.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous e

14、dition approved in 2000 as F 2049 - 00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 continuous barrier, ntype of traffic barrier designedto prevent vehicular intrusion into a play ar

15、ea and that alsoimpedes pedestrian passage to and from the play space.3.2.4 curb, npermanent, continuous structure made ofconcrete, asphalt, or other structural material presentinga6to8 in. 15.24 to 20-32 cm elevation change at the curbline.3.2.5 curbline, npavement elevation change defining theedge

16、 of a fire lane, vehicular travel lane, or contiguous orindividual parking spaces with depressions meeting ADArequirements.3.2.6 debris fence, nshield used to prevent flying post-crash or other debris from entering a play zone.3.2.7 discrete barrier, nbarrier designed to prevent ve-hicular intrusion

17、 that allows for pedestrian passage to and fromthe play space.3.2.8 guardrail, nan example of a continuous barrier.3.2.9 low-speed, nless than 35 mph 56.33 km/h.3.2.10 play zone or area, nfenced-in or enclosed space orenvironment for public, multi-family residential, or commer-cial play use containi

18、ng recreation equipment intended foractivities by children where entry or egress access is limited.3.2.10.1 DiscussionThis may be through its adjacentapartment or home decorative lattice work, public or commer-cial building door, or via a controlled gate. Examples include,but are not limited to, the

19、 following: fast food establishments,day-care centers, shopping malls, and apartments.3.2.11 proximity, nwithin 5 ft 1 or 1.524 m as measuredby the least distance between the edge of the driving lane toperimeter of the play zone and its fence/barrier.3.2.12 structural bollards, nsteel pipe structure

20、 filled withconcrete installed in the ground with a concrete footing.3.2.12.1 DiscussionA structural bollard is an example of abarrier and discrete barrier.3.2.13 vulnerable play zone, nplay zone in the proximityof vehicular traffic.3.2.14 traffc, nmovement of vehicles for purpose ofdriving-through

21、or parking motions.4. Site Covered4.1 A play zone shall be protected in accordance with thisguide in locations that are vulnerable to low-speed vehiculartraffic, from activity and game conflicting uses, and for thecontrol of entering or exiting the play zone or area. Protectionshall be placed, as sp

22、ecified in Section 7, on all sides of theplay zone.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide sets forth minimum standard requirementsfor use in local codes and ordinances relating to public,multi-family, residential, and commercial outdoor play areas orzones and their environments.5.2 This guide does no

23、t have the effect of law, nor is itintended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3 This guide provides certain recommendations to assistthose who intend to provide protection against injuries orfatalities associated with any possible vehicle passage into, orpedestria

24、n passage to or from, a play environment by children.This would include, but not be limited to, state and localgovernments, model code organizations, building code groups,and consumers. It is understood that the format will varydepending upon the specific use and local conditions.6. Methods of Prote

25、ction6.1 Discrete and Continuous Barriers These methods ofprotection shall be determined by the vulnerable play area orplay zone requirement for protection for vehicle intrusion andadjacent traffic circumstances.6.1.1 Continuous BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has noexterior exit gate on the traffi

26、c side of the play zone, then theplay area shall be protected with a continuous barrier on thetraffic side as specified in the following sections. If pedestrianaccess through this continuous barrier is necessary, it shallmeet applicable sections. Continuous barrier methods include,but are not limite

27、d to, guardrails, concrete or brick reinforcedwalls, and concrete jersey barriers.6.1.2 Discrete BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has an exitgate on the traffic side of the play zone, then pedestrian accessthrough a barrier is necessary and a discrete barrier should beprovided on the traffic side as

28、 specified in the followingsections. Discrete barrier methods include, but are not limitedto, the following: structural bollards, trees, posts, and othervertical structures spaced no wider than 4 in.6.1.3 FencesAll vulnerable play areas shall have fenceswith gates as described in the following secti

29、on. This methodof protection may include chain link and other materials of aminimum height of 4 ft 1.22 m above grade.6.1.4 BuildingWhere a building may abut or is adjacent toa play area or play zone, it may be used as part of thecontainment. If the building wall contains a door for ingressand egres

30、s into the play area, it shall comply with subsequentsections. If the building wall contains windows for viewing, itshall contain glazing that is unbreakable and shatter-proof.6.2 BuildingsThe fence shall completely surround theplay zone or area environment except where a building ordwelling or port

31、ion thereof is utilized as part of the playenvironment enclosure. If the exterior wall or walls of thatportion of the building contains doors, or other openings, itshall comply with the following provisions.6.2.1 DoorsDoors in the wall of a building or dwellingthat allow direct access through the wa

32、ll to the play environ-ment shall be provided with the following:6.2.1.1 An alarm capable of detecting unauthorized entry orexit through the gate or opening into or from the playenvironment area when not in use and which, when activated,emits a sound of sufficient volume to be heard in the buildingo

33、r dwelling as a means of outdoor area security when deemednecessary. The audible warning shall commence not more than7 s after the door, or its screen, if present, or both are openedand shall sound continuously for a minimum of 30 s. The alarmshall have a minimum sound pressure rating of 85 dB at 10

34、 ft3.4 m and the sounds of the alarm shall be distinctive fromother sounds such as auto alarms, smoke alarms, telephones,and door bells. The alarm shall automatically reset after 2 minunder all conditions.7. Requirements7.1 Continuous Barrier:F20490327.1.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier u

35、sed shallbe able to withstand a one-time 10 000 lb 4535.9 kgconcentrated, point-load located 2 ft 0.61 m above groundwith permanent deformation less than 0.1 in. 2.54 mm after asingle load when tested in accordance with US DOT specifi-cations.7.1.2 MaintenanceIf any permanent deformation or dam-age

36、is done to a continuous barrier, the play area facility shallbe closed until a new barrier has been installed.7.1.3 InspectionA visual check shall be done by theowner or operator on a regular basis to note damage. A signshould be posted with the name and owner to be notified ifdamage occurs.7.1.4 Di

37、stanceMinimum unobstructed distance betweenthe continuous barrier and the play area perimeter fenceprotection shall be no less than 2 ft 0.61 m.7.1.5 The continuous barrier shall be placed edge to edgeunless passage through is required, which shall be no morethan 48 in.7.2 Discrete Barriers:7.2.1 St

38、rength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier systemused shall meet the requirements of 7.1.1.7.2.2 Discrete barriers shall be placed a maximum of 42 in.1.07 m apart from each other (edge to edge).7.2.3 MaintenanceMaintenance shall comply with 7.1.2.7.2.4 DistanceThe distance from discrete barrier to fenc

39、eshall be in accordance with 7.1.4.7.2.5 InspectionShall comply with 7.1.3.7.3 Curbs:7.3.1 Curbs, in order to minimize casual contact with cars,shall be placed at a minimum distance between the travel laneand the play area zone as follows:7.3.1.1 2 ft, 6 in. where there is no parking.7.3.1.2 4 ft fo

40、r angled parking.7.3.1.3 5 ft where there is perpendicular parking.7.4 Fences:7.4.1 Fence HeightThe top of the fence shall be aminimum of 4 ft 1.22 m above grade measured on the side ofthe fence that faces away from the play environment.7.4.2 VisibilityThe fence shall be designed and con-structed so

41、 that it allows for a visibility to conform to the levelof surveillance necessary from a designated supervising areaoutside or inside the play environment area to inside the playenvironment.7.4.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be no more

42、than 4 in. measured on the side of the fence on both sides of thefence around the play environment and of a minimal distanceto prevent toys from rolling under.7.4.4 Solid barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal

43、 construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints when used as both barriers and fences.Such indentations shall not be deeper than 0.375 in. 9.5 mm.7.5 Fence Types:7.5.1 Horizontal and Vertical DesignWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members, and if thedistance between the tops o

44、f the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. 1.143 mm, the horizontal members shall belocated on the side opposite the play environment to preventegress over it. The spacing between the vertical members shallnot exceed 134 in. 44.4 mm. If the distance between the topsof the horizontal members is 45 i

45、n. 1.143 mm or more, thespacing between the vertical members shall not exceed 4 in.102 mm. Where there are decorative cutouts, the spacingwithin the cutouts shall not exceed 134 in. 44.4 mm.7.5.2 Chain Link MeshMesh opening for fences shall be anominal 114 in. 3.2 mm measured between the parallel si

46、desof the mesh, and a maximum of 134 in. 44.4 mm measuredhorizontally between the corners of the installed mesh, unlessthe fence is provided with privacy slats fastened at the top orthe bottom, in which case no opening in the mesh shall exceed134 in. 44.4 mm.7.5.2.1 If the tolerance of +18 in. 3.175

47、 mm indicated inSpecifications A 392, A 491, F 668, F 1183, and F 1345 isrigidly applied to an ordered nominal mesh size of 114 in. 3.2mm measured between the parallel sides of the mesh, theresult could be a dimension exceeding the specified maximumof 134 in. 44.4 mm measured horizontally between th

48、ecorners of the installed mesh. The degree of tension applied tothe fabric during installation could also affect this horizontaldimension. In all cases, the horizontal opening between thecorners of the fabric mesh after tensioning shall not exceed 134in. 44.4 mm. Privacy slats shall not violate the

49、requirementsof 7.4.2 regarding visibility.7.5.3 Lattice:7.5.3.1 Where the fence is composed of diagonal members,such as in a lattice fence, any opening created by the diagonalmembers shall be a maximum of 134 in. 44.4 mm measuredin its largest direction.7.5.3.2 Diagonal bracing members extending from one cor-ner to the opposite corner creating a ladder effect on all stylesof fences and gates are not permitted where spacing of verticalmembers in any area between posts exceeds 134 in. 44.4