ASTM F2049-2011 Standard Safety Performance Specification for Fences Barriers for Public Commercial and Multi-Family Residential Use Outdoor Play Areas《用于公共场所 商业场所及综合家庭居所的户外游戏场地护栏的.pdf

1、Designation: F2049 11Standard Safety Performance Specification forFences/Barriers for Public, Commercial, and Multi-FamilyResidential Use Outdoor Play Areas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the recommended minimumrequirements for denot

3、ing various types of fences/barriers forthe protection of childrens outdoor play spaces in public,commercial, and multi-family residential use locations. Thisspecification excludes individual single family residential useplay equipment locations. Interior fences located in a play areathat has a peri

4、meter fence established shall only have tocomply with the latch height requirement indicated in 7.6.2.1.2 This specification provides for the safety of occupants inplay areas or zones as it pertains to vehicular intrusion as wellas other participant intrusion, and for children containment orentry/ex

5、it. This specification has the intent to also keepchildren inside a predetermined area in an effort to enhancesupervision; to keep children from running out of the area intowater and other hazards; to minimize the likelihood of faciallacerations on low gate and fence hardware; to minimize thelikelih

6、ood of abduction; and to restrict access to railroads,highways, roads, and other such hazards.1.3 This specification does not choose the product compo-nents for the fence system, the choice of which should be madeby the operators of the play space and their specificationwriters or drafters based upo

7、n their determination of the meritsof the products that could be used.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This specification does not purport to address the aspectof safety within a play area or zone.

8、 It is the responsibility ofthe user of this specification to establish appropriate safetypractices as related to the play area and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A392 Specification for Zinc-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence F

9、abricA491 Specification for Aluminum-Coated Steel Chain-LinkFence FabricF552 Terminology Relating to Chain Link FencingF668 Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Poly-olefin and Other Polymer-Coated Steel Chain Link FenceFabricF1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel In

10、dustrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1183 Specification for Aluminum Alloy Chain Link FenceFabricF1345 Specification for Zinc-5 % Aluminum-MischmetalAlloy-Coated Steel Chain-Link Fence Fabric2.2 Research Reports

11、:3National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report#543. Terminology3.1 See Terminology F552 for definitions of terms relatingto chain-link fencing.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 fence, ntype of containment that surrounds andobstructs primarily people passage to or from

12、the play area.3.2.2 barrier, ntype of containment or deflector systemthat surrounds and obstructs primarily vehicle passage into aplay area, such as bollards and posts. Barriers must pass impact1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibil

13、ity of Subcommittee F14.10 on Specific Applications.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2049 10. DOI:10.1520/F2049-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM

14、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Colcote, L. R., and Mitchie, J. D., “Location, Selection, and Maintenance ofHighway Guardrails and Median Barriers,” National Cooperative Highway

15、 Re-search Program Report #54, S. W. Research Institute, San Antonio, TX.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.tests for the highest speed limit allowed and posted on thestreet, road, or parking lot adjacent to the outdoor

16、play area.3.2.3 continuous barrier, ntype of traffic barrier designedto prevent vehicular intrusion into a play area and that alsoimpedes pedestrian passage to and from the play space.3.2.4 curb, npermanent, continuous structure made ofconcrete, asphalt, or other structural material presentinga6to8

17、in. (15.24 to 20-32 cm) elevation change at the curbline.3.2.5 curbline, npavement elevation change defining theedge of a fire lane, vehicular travel lane, or contiguous orindividual parking spaces with depressions meeting the re-quirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act.3.2.6 debris fence,

18、nshield used to prevent flying post-crash or other debris from entering a play zone.3.2.7 discrete barrier, nbarrier designed to prevent ve-hicular intrusion that allows for pedestrian passage to and fromthe play space.3.2.8 guardrail, nan example of a continuous barrier.3.2.9 play zone or area, nen

19、vironment for public, multi-family residential, or commercial play use containing recre-ation equipment intended for activities by children where entryor egress access is intended.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThis may be through its adjacent apart-ment or home decorative lattice work, public or commercialbuild

20、ing door, or via a controlled gate. Examples include, butare not limited to, the following: fast food establishments,day-care centers, shopping malls, apartments, parks, andschools.3.2.10 structural bollards, nsteel pipe structure filled withconcrete installed in the ground with a concrete footing.3

21、.2.10.1 DiscussionAstructural bollard is an example of abarrier and discrete barrier.3.2.11 traffc, nmovement of vehicles for purpose ofdriving-through or parking motions.3.2.12 vulnerable play zone, nplay zone in the proximity(as outlined in 8.3) of vehicular traffic, railroad tracks, bodiesof wate

22、r, streets, parking lots, roads, electrical and other utilityfeatures, and other similar life-threatening or debilitatingfeatures.4. Site Covered4.1 A play zone shall be protected in accordance with thisspecification in locations that are vulnerable to vehiculartraffic, from activity and game confli

23、cting uses, and for thecontrol of entering or exiting the play zone or area. Protectionfrom vehicular intrusion shall be placed as specified in Sections6 and 7. Barriers shall protect the perimeters of the play areathat are adjacent to the direction of traffic, and only apply tothose perimeters that

24、 are parallel and perpendicular to thedirection of traffic. Playground enclosures, such as fences,walls, or buildings, shall be on all sides of the play zone.5. Significance and Use5.1 This specification sets forth minimum standard require-ments for use in local codes and ordinances relating to publ

25、ic,multi-family, residential, and commercial outdoor play areas orzones and their environments.5.2 This specification does not have the effect of law, nor isit intended to supersede local codes and ordinances of a morerestrictive nature.5.3 Playgrounds that intentionally incorporate water into thepl

26、ay area are exempt from this specification.6. Methods of Protection6.1 Discrete and Continuous BarriersThese methods ofprotection shall be determined by the vulnerable play area orplay zone requirement for protection for vehicle intrusion andadjacent traffic circumstances. If a fence itself complies

27、 withthe impact tests described in 7.1, then a barrier is not required.6.1.1 Continuous BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has noexterior exit gate on the traffic side of the play zone, then theplay area shall be protected with a continuous barrier on thetraffic side as specified in the following sect

28、ions. If pedestrianaccess through this continuous barrier is necessary, it shallmeet applicable sections. Continuous barrier methods include,but are not limited to, guardrails, concrete or brick reinforcedwalls, and concrete Jersey barriers.6.1.2 Discrete BarrierIf a vulnerable play area has an exit

29、gate on the traffic side of the play zone, then pedestrian accessthrough a barrier is necessary and a discrete barrier should beprovided on the traffic side as specified in the followingsections. Discrete barrier methods include, but are not limitedto, the following: structural bollards, trees, post

30、s, and othervertical structures.6.1.3 FencesAll vulnerable play areas shall have fenceswith gates as described in 7.6. This method of protection mayinclude chain link and other materials of a minimum height of4 ft (1.22 m) above grade.6.1.4 BuildingWhere a building may abut or is adjacent toa play a

31、rea or play zone, it may be used as part of thecontainment. If the building wall contains a door for ingressand egress into the play area, it shall comply with subsequentsections. If the building wall contains windows for viewing, itshall contain glazing that is unbreakable and shatter-proof.6.2 Bui

32、ldingsThe fence shall completely surround theplay zone or area environment except where a building ordwelling or portion thereof is utilized as part of the playenvironment enclosure. If the exterior wall or walls of thatportion of the building contains doors, or other openings, itshall comply with t

33、he following provisions.6.2.1 DoorsDoors in the wall of a building or dwellingthat allow direct access through the wall to the play environ-ment shall be provided with the following:6.2.1.1 An alarm capable of detecting unauthorized entry orexit through the gate or opening into or from the playenvir

34、onment area when not in use and which, when activated,emits a sound of sufficient volume to be heard in the buildingor dwelling as a means of outdoor area security when deemednecessary. The audible warning shall commence not more than7 s after the door, or its screen, if present, or both are openeda

35、nd shall sound continuously for a minimum of 30 s. The alarmshall have a minimum sound pressure rating of 85 dB at 10 ft(3.4 m) and the sounds of the alarm shall be distinctive fromother sounds such as auto alarms, smoke alarms, telephones,and door bells. The alarm shall automatically reset after 2

36、minunder all conditions.F2049 1127. Requirements7.1 Continuous Barrier:7.1.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier used shallbe able to withstand a one-time 10,000 lb (4535.9 kg)concentrated, point-load located 2 ft (0.61 m) above groundwith permanent deformation less than 0.1 in. (2.54 mm) afte

37、r asingle load when tested in accordance with the U.S. Depart-ment of Transportation specifications.7.1.2 MaintenanceIf any permanent deformation or dam-age is done to a continuous barrier, the play area facility shallbe closed until a new barrier has been installed.7.1.3 InspectionA visual check sh

38、all be done by theowner or operator on a regular basis to note damage. A signshould be posted with the name and owner to be notified ifdamage occurs.7.1.4 DistanceMinimum unobstructed distance betweenthe continuous barrier and the play area perimeter fenceprotection shall be no less than 2 ft (0.61

39、m).7.1.5 The continuous barrier shall be placed edge to edgeunless passage through is required, which shall be no morethan 48 in.7.2 Discrete Barriers:7.2.1 Strength and Deflection LimitsThe barrier systemused shall meet the requirements of 7.1.1.7.2.2 Discrete barriers shall be placed a maximum of

40、42 in.(1.07 m) apart from each other (edge to edge).7.2.3 MaintenanceMaintenance shall comply with 7.1.2.7.2.4 DistanceThe distance from discrete barrier to fenceshall be in accordance with 7.1.4.7.2.5 InspectionShall comply with 7.1.3.7.3 Curbs:7.3.1 Curbs, in order to minimize casual contact with

41、cars,shall be placed at a minimum distance between the travel laneand the play area zone as follows:7.3.1.1 2 ft, 6 in. where there is no parking.7.3.1.2 4 ft for angled parking.7.3.1.3 5 ft where there is perpendicular parking.7.4 Fences:7.4.1 Fence HeightThe top of the fence shall be aminimum of 4

42、 ft (1.22 m) above grade measured on the side ofthe fence that faces away from the play environment.7.4.2 VisibilityThe fence shall be designed and con-structed so that it allows for a visibility to conform to the levelof surveillance necessary from a designated supervising areaoutside or inside the

43、 play environment area to inside the playenvironment.7.4.3 Ground ClearanceThe maximum vertical clearancebetween grade and the bottom of the fence shall be no morethan 4 in. measured on both sides of the fence around the playenvironment and of a minimal distance to prevent toys fromrolling under.7.4

44、.4 Solid barriers that do not have openings, such asmasonry or stone walls, shall not contain indentations orprotrusions except for normal construction tolerances andtooled masonry joints when used as both barriers and fences.Such indentations shall not be deeper than 0.375 in. (9.5 mm).7.5 Fence Ty

45、pes:7.5.1 Horizontal and Vertical DesignWhere the fence iscomposed of horizontal and vertical members, and if thedistance between the tops of the horizontal members is lessthan 45 in. (1.143 mm), the horizontal members shall belocated on the side opposite the play environment to preventegress over i

46、t and the spacing between the vertical membersshall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm). If the distance between thetops of the horizontal members is 45 in. (1.143 mm) or more,the spacing between the vertical members shall not exceed 4 in.(102 mm). Where there are decorative cutouts, the spacingwithin the

47、cutouts shall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm).7.5.2 Chain Link MeshMesh opening for fences shall be anominal 114 in. (3.2 mm) measured between the parallel sidesof the mesh, and a maximum of 134 in. (44.4 mm) measuredhorizontally between the corners of the installed mesh, unlessthe fence is provided wi

48、th privacy slats fastened at the top orthe bottom, in which case no opening in the mesh shall exceed134 in. (44.4 mm).7.5.2.1 If the tolerance of +18 in. (3.175 mm) indicated inSpecifications A392, A491, F668, F1183, and F1345 is rigidlyapplied to an ordered nominal mesh size of 114 in. (31.75 mm)me

49、asured between the parallel sides of the mesh, the resultcould be a dimension exceeding the specified maximum of 134in. (44.4 mm) measured horizontally between the corners of theinstalled mesh. The degree of tension applied to the fabricduring installation could also affect this horizontal dimension.In all cases, the horizontal opening between the corners of thefabric mesh after tensioning shall not exceed 134 in. (44.4 mm).Privacy slats shall not violate the requirements of 7.4.2regarding visibility.7.5.3 Fence Framework:7.5.3.1 Fence fr