ASTM F2088-2008 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Swings.pdf

1、Designation: F 2088 08Standard Consumer Safety Specification forInfant Swings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses infant swing incidents identified by the U.S. ConsumerProduct Safety Commission (CPSC).In response to inc

3、ident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the following: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3)entanglement in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes. This consumer safety specification isintended to cover normal use a

4、nd reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant swings. Thisspecification does not cover swings that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each infant swing.This consumer safety specification is written within the cur

5、rent state-of-the-art of infant swingtechnology and will be updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitatesadditional requirements or justifies the revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safetyperformance requirements

6、, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to infants presented by swingsas identified in the introduction.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal useand reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of in

7、fant swings. Itis not intended to address all incidents and injuries resultingfrom the interaction of other persons with the infant in theswing.1.3 No swing produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this speci

8、fication unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this c

9、onsumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations p

10、rior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint andCertain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-ContainingPaint316 CFR Part 15

11、00 Hazardous Substances Act Regulationsincluding sections:1500.48Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age31500.49Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntend

12、ed for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age31500.50-.51Test Method for Simulating Use and Abuseof Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children316 CFR Part 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years1This consumer safety specification

13、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.21 on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 a

14、s F 2088 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office S

15、uperintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Tue Oct 14 02:04:18 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGu

16、o Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.of Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts32.3 Other Documents:CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)4CAMI Newborn Dummy (see Fig. 2)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Sp

17、ecific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, na label which is visible, when theunit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the unit at any one position around theinfant swing but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 cradle swing, nan infant swing which is

18、 intendedfor use by a child lying flat.3.1.3 dynamic load, napplication of impulsive forcethrough free fall of a weight.3.1.4 infant swing, na stationary unit with a frame andpowered mechanism that enables an infant to swing in a seatedposition. An infant swing is intended for use with infants fromb

19、irth until a child is able to sit up unassisted.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition, that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes pos

20、itions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.6 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plasticor metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.7 occupant, nthat ind

21、ividual who is in a product thatis set up in one of the manufacturers recommended usepositions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material which tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 static load, na vertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1

22、.10 structural component, nany load bearing memberor part of the product that supports the weight or portion of theweight of the occupant.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18 in. (3 mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless te

23、st instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23

24、6 5C) for at least 1hour prior to testing. Testing then shall be conducted withinthis temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be nohazardous sharp points or edges as de

25、fined by 16 CFR 1500.48and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to the consumersafety specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of thistesting to this specification.5.3 The paint and surface coating on the product s

26、hallcomply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters.4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, RevisionII, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical

27、Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory,Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.5Drawing numbers 126-0000 through 126-0015 (sheets 1 through 3), 126-0017through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy”, anda construction manual entitled, “Construction of the Newb

28、orn Infant Dummy” (July1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at NHTSAs Docket Section, 400Seventh Street, SW., Room 5109, Washington, DC, or at the Office of the FederalRegister, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark IIFIG. 2 CAMI Newborn D

29、ummyF 2088 082Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Tue Oct 14 02:04:18 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, PinchingA product, when in themanufacturers recommended use position, shall be de

30、signedand constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant fromany scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-ponents rotate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissor-ing, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury cou

31、ld existwhen the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe greater than0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameterat any accessible point throughout the range of motion of suchparts.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely though awall section of any rigid material less than 0

32、.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm), but arelimited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) m

33、aximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in (5.33 mm

34、) or greater duringstatic load testing (see 7.2.2) shall be covered or otherwisedesigned to prevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, (such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, point

35、s,or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least a 0.040in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component and its adjacentparent component, such component shall not be removed whentested in accordance with 7.1.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels, (whether paper or non paper) shall bepermanent when t

36、ested per 7.7.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested per 7.8.5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.9.5.10 ToysToy accessories a

37、ttached to, removable from, orsold with an infant swing, as well as their means of attachment,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Speci-fication F 963.FIG. 3 Opening ExamplesF 2088 083Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Tue Oct 14 02:04:18 EDT 2008Downloaded/printed byGuo

38、Dehua (CNIS) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Structural IntegrityAll tests that cover static anddynamic loading are to be performed sequentially on the sameproduct and in the sequence listed in the standard.6.1.1 Dynamic LoadThe swing

39、 shall support a dynamicload and there shall be no failure of seams, breakage ofmaterials, or changes of adjustments that could cause theproduct to not fully support the child or create a hazardouscondition as defined in Section 5 after testing in accordancewith 7.2.1.6.1.2 Static LoadThe swing shal

40、l support a static load andthere shall be no failure of seams, breakage of materials, orchanges of adjustments that could cause the product to not fullysupport the child or create a hazardous condition as defined inSection 5 after testing in accordance with 7.2.2.6.2 Stability TestThe swing shall no

41、t tip over when testedaccording to 7.3.6.3 Unintentional FoldingThe swing shall remain in themanufacturers recommended use position when tested per 7.4.If a unit is designed with a latching or locking device, thatdevice shall remain engaged and operative after testing.6.3.1 Threaded fasteners used t

42、o attach structural compo-nents shall have a locking mechanism such as lock washers,self-locking nuts or other means to prevent detachment due tovibration.6.4 Restraint SystemA restraint system shall be providedto secure a child in the seated positions in any of themanufacturers recommended use posi

43、tions.6.4.1 The restraint system shall include both waist andcrotch restraint designed such that the crotch restraints use ismandatory when the restraint system is in use.6.4.2 This system and its closing means shall not slip morethan 1 in. (25 mm), break, separate, or permit the removal ofthe test

44、dummy when tested per 7.5.6.4.3 A connecting means and adjustment means for thewaist restraint shall be capable of usage independent of oneanother. The connecting means shall not be an adjustmentmeans but may have one integrally attached to it.6.4.4 Before shipment, the restraint system must be atta

45、chedto the swing in such a manner as to not become detachedthrough normal use.6.4.5 If the swing seat has a tray or other component thatcreates a completely bounded opening in front of the occupant,a passive crotch restraint system shall be included and designedsuch that its use is mandatory when th

46、e tray or other compo-nent is in use.6.5 Passive Crotch Restraint SystemFor products with atray or other component that creates a completely boundedopening in front of the occupant.6.5.1 There shall be no vertical gap between the passivecrotch restraint and either the tray or seating surface that al

47、lowsfree passage of a 1.5-in. (38-mm) diameter by 3-in. (76-mm)long rod from one leg opening to the other.6.5.2 The leg openings on each side of the passive crotchrestraint shall not allow complete passage of the wedge blockwhen tested in accordance with 7.10.6.6 Cradle Swing OrientationThe angle of

48、 the cradleswing surface along the dummys head-to-toe axis relative tothe horizontal shall not be greater than 5 degrees when testedin accordance to 7.6.6.7 Swings Containing Battery Compartment(s) (remotecontrol devices are exempt from the requirements in 6.7):6.7.1 Each battery compartment or area

49、 immediately adja-cent to the battery compartment shall be marked permanentlyand legibly to show the correct battery polarity, size, andvoltage.6.7.2 Each battery compartment shall provide a means tocontain the electrolytic material in the event of a batteryleakage. This containment means shall not be accessible to theoccupant.6.7.3 Positive protection from the possibility of chargingany primary (non-rechargeable) battery shall be achieved eitherthrough physical design of the battery compartment or throughthe use of appropriate electri