ASTM F404-2014a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《高脚椅的标准消费品安全规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F404 14F404 14aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identifi

3、ed injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high cha

4、ir because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are eit

5、her blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specificati

6、on will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the performance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satisfactoryperformanc

7、e of the high chair. chair and high chairs created by using a high chair conversion kit and component(s) from anotherproduct.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize injuries to children resulting from normal usage and reasonablyforeseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1

8、This consumer safety specification is not intended to address accidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuse by persons over three years of age.1.3 For purposes of this consumer safety specificat

9、ion, a high chair is a free standing chair that elevates a child to standarddining table height. The high chair is made for the purpose of holding a child, up to 3 years of age, who can remain in a sittingposition due to the childschilds own coordination, and normally for the purposes of feeding or

10、eating.Ahigh chair may be heightadjustable and include a reclined position for infants not able to remain in a sitting position due to the childschilds owncoordination.1.4 No high chair or high chair conversion kit produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, eitherb

11、y label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for informat

12、ion only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of t

13、hisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on

14、Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2014. Published February 2014May 2015. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asF404 13a.F404 14. DOI: 10.1520/F0404-14.10.1520/F0404-14A.This document is not an ASTM standa

15、rd and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases

16、only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 2This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:Title Sect

17、ionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 5Compliance When Used WithConversion Kits5.3Threaded Fasteners 5.5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.4Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.9Labeling 5.5Labeling 5.10Openings 5.6Openings 5.11Performance Requi

18、rements 6Protective Components 6.1Removable Tray or Front Torso SupportPerformance Integrity6.2Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull Test6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint System 6.9Structur

19、al Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2Tray or Front Torso Support Drop Test 7.3Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Horizontal Pull Test7.4Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Vertical Pull Test7

20、.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Leg Openings 7.11Tray Latch Release Mechanism Accessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings 7.14Labeling and Warnings 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10

21、Rationale Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations: 316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containin

22、g Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations Including Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Techn

23、ical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion

24、Hazards Because of Small Parts2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Governmen

25、t Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404 14a23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessory, ncomponent, included with a high chair or sold separately by the manufacturer of the high chair.3.1.2

26、 conspicuous, adjlabel that is visible, when the high chair is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the high chair at any one position around the high chair but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.3 double action release mechanism, nmechanism requiring eit

27、her two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out or two separate and independent locking mechanisms that must be activatedsimultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.4 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible mate

28、rial which is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.5 front torso support, na barrier extending horizontally across the seat of the high chair that is the primary supportintended to restrict forward movement of the occupants torso when the tray is removed and

29、creates a completely or partiallybounded opening in front of the occupant.3.1.6 high chair conversion kit, nan accessory or component sold by the manufacturer of a product or high chair and usedto convert or modify a product so that it can be used as a high chair.3.1.7 key structural elements, nsuba

30、ssemblies such as seat assemblies, leg assemblies, base assemblies, or individualcomponents such as footrests, stabilizing bars, front torso supports, passive crotch restraints, or other components designed tosupport the weight of the occupant, or a combination thereof.3.1.8 latch release surface, n

31、any surface on the tray latch release mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force is applied perpendicular to that surface.3.1.9 manufacturersmanufacturers recommended use position, nany position that is presented by the manufacturer in anydescriptive or ins

32、tructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for the use of the product by themanufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. product. This specifically excludes positions which the manufacturershows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, uns

33、afe, or not recommended.3.1.10 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.11 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product in one of the manufacturers recomme

34、nded use positions.3.1.12 paper label, nany label material (except fabric) that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components such as sewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.1.14 seating surface, nseat support surface for the occupant tha

35、t exists between the side surfaces, seat back surface, and theINNER SURFACE of the passive crotch restraint.3.1.14.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seat side surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to the inside surface of the high chairarmrest.3.1.15 static load, nvertically down

36、ward force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.16 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardware that has internal or external screw threads which are used for theassembly of multiple parts and facilitate disassembly.3.1.17 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism for releas

37、ing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or into anadjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover, unlesstest instructs differently.4.2 The high chair s

38、hall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Te

39、sting shall then be conducted within this temperature range.F404 14a35. General Requirements5.1 For products sold as a high chair, all components necessary for a high chair to comply with the requirements of this standardmust be included when shipped from the manufacturer in the package with the pro

40、duct or one of the packages if multiple packagesare used.5.2 For high chair conversion kits sold separately or included with a product to convert a product into a high chair, allcomponents necessary to comply with this standard must be included when shipped from the manufacturer in the package witht

41、he product or the conversion kit, or both, or one of the packages if multiple packages are used.5.3 Compliance When Used With Conversion Kits:5.3.1 When a conversion kit is used to convert a high chair to a different product which falls under the scope of another ASTMstandard, it shall comply with t

42、he applicable requirements of that standard.5.4 The high chair with any accessory(s) included or any accessories sold by the manufacturer of the high chair for use withthe specific high chair model being tested shall, when installed in a manufacturers recommended use position in accordance withthe m

43、anufacturers instructions, comply with the requirements of this standard.NOTE 3Any accessory included with the high chair which per the manufacturers instructions is for use only when the high chair is converted intoanother product, are exempt from the requirement in 5.4.5.5 Threaded Fasteners:5.5.1

44、 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.5.1.1 Wood screws and sheet metal screws shall not be used by the manufacturer in the assembly of key structural elementsof a high chair or other components that must be removed by the consumer in the disassembly of a high chair or conversion toa different use m

45、ode per the manufacturers instructions.NOTE 4Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary fasteners or only fasteners when used to secure components or assemblies that are notkey structural elements.5.5.1.2 No high chair shall require consumer assembly of key structural elements using wood sc

46、rews or sheet metal fastenersdirectly into wood components.5.5.1.3 Factory assembly using wood screws on key structural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a second method ofattachment or the wood screws include a lock washer, glue or other means to impede loosening or detachment.5.5.1.4 Meta

47、l inserts, with external wood screw threads for screwing into a wood component and providing internal machinethreads to accommodate a machine screw, that are used to secure key structural elements shall be glued or include other meansto impede loosening or detaching.5.5.2 Metal threaded fasteners, s

48、uch as sheet metal screws and machine screws, secured into metal components and used toattach key structural elements shall have lock washers, selflocking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as defined in 6.10.1.5or detachment during the testing required by this specification.5.6 There shall be

49、 no hazardous sharp edges or points as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or after testingin accordance with this consumer safety specification.5.7 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR 1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.8 Before the application of any test methods, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.5.9 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that folds shall have a latching or locking device or other provision in a designthat w