ASTM F404-2017a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《高脚椅的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F404 17aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identified

3、injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chair

4、because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are either

5、 blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specification

6、will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the perfor-mance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satis-factory performanc

7、e of the high chair and high chairs createdby using a high chair conversion kit and component(s) fromanother product.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize injuries to children resulting from normal usage andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This co

8、nsumer safety specification is not intended to addressaccidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuseby persons over three years of age.1.3 No high chair or high chair conversion kit producedafter

9、 the approval date of this consumer safety specificationshall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance withthis specification unless it conforms to all requirements con-tained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses

10、are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,

11、 associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2This consumer safety specification includes the followingsections:Title Secti

12、onScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 5Compliance When Used WithConversion Kits5.3Threaded Fasteners 5.5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.9Labeling 5.10Openings 5.11Performance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.1Removable Tray or Front T

13、orso SupportPerformance Integrity6.21This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published Nov

14、ember 2017. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F404 17. DOI:10.1520/F0404-17A.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with international

15、ly recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull Test6.3Stat

16、ic Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint System 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2Tray or Front Tors

17、o Support Drop Test 7.3Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Horizontal Pull Test7.4Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Vertical Pull Test7.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Compl

18、etely Bounded Openings 7.11Tray Latch Release Mechanism Accessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings 7.14Marking and Labeling 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X11.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-

19、ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Tes

20、tF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Car-riages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR Part 1227 Safety Standard for Carriages and Stroll-ers16 CFR 1303 Ban

21、of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous SubstancesAct Regulations Includ-ing Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 C

22、FR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiratio

23、n, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts2.3 ANSI Standard:4ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessory, ncomponent, included with a high chairor sold separately by the manufacturer of the high chair.3.1.2 conspicuou

24、s, adjvisible, when the high chair is in allmanufacturers recommended use positions and an occupant issitting in the high chair, to a person standing near the high chairat any one position around the high chair but not necessarilyvisible from all positions.3.1.3 double action release system, na mech

25、anism requir-ing either two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out, or two separate andindependent simultaneous actions to fully release.3.1.4 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated,extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended to

26、be sewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.5 flexible passive crotch restraint, na passive crotchrestraint made of flexible material, such as fabric or webbing.3.1.6 front torso support, na barrier extending horizon-tally across the seat of the high chair that is the primary

27、supportintended to restrict forward movement of the occupants torsowhen the tray is removed and creates a completely or partiallybounded opening in front of the occupant.3.1.7 high chair, na free standing chair for a child up to 3years of age which has a seating surface more than 15 in. abovethe flo

28、or and elevates the child normally for the purposes offeeding or eating.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA high chair may be sold with orwithout a tray and may be height adjustable to higher or loweruse positions. It may also include a recline position for infantsnot able to sit up unassisted.3.1.8 high chair conv

29、ersion kit, nan accessory or compo-nent sold by the manufacturer of a product or high chair andused to convert or modify a product so that it can be used as ahigh chair.3.1.9 key structural elements, nsubassemblies such asseat assemblies, leg assemblies, base assemblies, or individualcomponents such

30、 as footrests, stabilizing bars, front torsosupports, passive crotch restraints, or other components de-signed to support the weight of the occupant, or a combinationthereof.3.1.10 latch release surface, nany surface on the tray latchrelease mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjus

31、tment position when a force is applied perpendicular tothat surface.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w

32、ebsite.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F404 17a23.1.11 manufacturers

33、 recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descrip-tive or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, oracceptable configuration for the use of the product. Thisspecifically excludes positions which the manufacturer showsin a like manner in its literat

34、ure to be unacceptable, unsafe, ornot recommended.3.1.12 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plas-tic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.13 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product inone of

35、 the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material (except fabric)that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.15 passive crotch restraint, na component that sepa-rates the openings for the legs of the occupant into two separatebounded openings

36、and requires no action on the part of thecaregiver to use except to position one leg into each openingcreated by the component.3.1.16 protective component, nany component used forprotection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers ortoes.3.1.16.1 DiscussionExamples of protective components

37、include caps, sleeves, and plugs.3.1.17 protrusion, na rigid projection that is elevatedabove the immediately adjacent surface.3.1.18 protrusion evaluation zone, nareas on the exteriorplanes of the high chair base at the rear corners which arewithin 2 in. from the corners formed by the intersection

38、of therear and side planes of the base and are located between 12 and17 in. above the floor. See Fig. 1.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThis does not include surfaces insidethe exterior plane of the high chair base.3.1.19 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components suchas sewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.

39、1.20 seating surface, nseat support surface for theoccupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat backsurface, and the INNER SURFACE of the passive crotchrestraint.3.1.20.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seatside surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to theinside surface o

40、f the high chair armrest.3.1.21 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.22 tether, na means of attaching a component usingflexible plastic, webbing, or cord.3.1.23 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardwarethat has internal or external

41、screw threads which are used forthe assembly of multiple parts and facilitate disassembly.3.1.24 top corner, nan edge on the top side of the uppersection of a protrusion created by the intersection of twosurfaces that intersect at an angle less than 180. See Fig. 2.3.1.25 tray latch release mechanis

42、m, nmechanism forreleasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or intoan adjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently

43、.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1

44、hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 For products sold as a high chair, all componentsnecessary for a high chair to comply with the requirements ofthis standard must be included when shipped from the manu-facturer in the package w

45、ith the product or one of the packagesif multiple packages are used.FIG. 1 Protrusion Evaluation ZonesF404 17a35.2 For high chair conversion kits sold separately or in-cluded with a product to convert a product into a high chair, allcomponents necessary to comply with this standard must beincluded w

46、hen shipped from the manufacturer in the packagewith the product or the conversion kit, or both, or one of thepackages if multiple packages are used.5.3 Compliance When Used With Conversion Kits:5.3.1 When a conversion kit is used to convert a high chairto a different product which falls under the s

47、cope of anotherASTM standard, it shall comply with the applicable require-ments of that standard.5.4 The high chair with any accessory(s) included or anyaccessories sold by the manufacturer of the high chair for usewith the specific high chair model being tested shall, wheninstalled in a manufacture

48、rs recommended use position inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions, comply withthe requirements of this standard.NOTE 3Any accessory included with the high chair which per themanufacturers instructions is for use only when the high chair isconverted into another product, are exempt from th

49、e requirement in 5.4.5.5 Threaded Fasteners:5.5.1 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.5.1.1 Wood screws and sheet metal screws shall not beused by the manufacturer in the assembly of key structuralelements of a high chair or other components that must beremoved by the consumer in the disassembly of a high chair orconversion to a different use mode per the manufacturersinstructions.NOTE 4Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary fastenersor only fasteners when used to secure components or assemblies that arenot key s