1、Designation: F521 16Standard Test Methods forBond Integrity of Transparent Laminates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F521; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover determination of the bondintegrity of transparent laminates. The laminates are usuallymade of two or more glass or hard p
3、lastic sheets held togetherby an elastomeric material. These test methods are intended toprovide a means of determining the strength of the bondbetween the glass or plastic and the elastomeric interlayerunder various mechanical or thermal loading conditions.1.2 The test methods appear as follows:Tes
4、t Methods SectionsTest Method AFlatwise Bond Tensile Strength 511Test Method BInterlaminar Shear Strength 1217Test Method CCreep Rupture 1825Test Method DThermal Exposure 26301.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibi
5、lity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of SheetPlastics and Electrical Insulating Materia
6、ls2.2 ANSI Standard:3B1.1 Standard for Unified Screw Threads3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 delamination, na visible separation between twolayers of bonded material.3.1.2 face plies, ntransparent glass or plastic outer mate-rials joined together with an interlayer.3.1.3 interlayer, ntransparent
7、material used as the bondingagent between two or more hard, transparent materials.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 number of plies, na three-ply laminate is one havingtwo transparent glass or plastic plies and one interlayer ply. Afive-ply laminate has three glass or plastic
8、plies and twointerlayer plies.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods provide a means to measure quan-titatively the bond integrity between the outer layers of thetransparency and the interlayer, or to measure the cohesiveproperties of the interlayer, under various loading conditions.4.2 These
9、 test methods provide empirical results useful forcontrol purposes, correlation with service results, and asquality control tests for acceptance of production parts.4.3 Test results obtained on small, laboratory-size samplesshown herein are indicative of full-size part capability, but notnecessarily
10、 usable for design purposes.TEST METHOD AFLATWISE BOND TENSILESTRENGTH5. Summary of Test Method5.1 The bond is subjected to a mechanical load in a directionperpendicular to the plane of the bond. The adhesive orcohesive strength between the interlayer and the outer layers(flatwise tensile strength)
11、is determined, and expressed in termsof pascals (or pounds-force per square inch).6. Apparatus6.1 Metal BlocksA pair of 50-mm (2-in.) square metalblocks of 24 ST aluminum alloy, each having a maximumheight of 50 mm (2 in.). Each block shall have in one end ahole (see Fig. 1) tapped 22.2 mm (78 in.)
12、in accordance withANSI B1.1, to accommodate threaded 22.2-mm (78-in.) studsof convenient length (see Test Method D952). Alternativemetal blocks utilize an aluminum “T” section, cut to 50 mm(2 in.) square. A hole shall be drilled in the upright section ofeach “T” block (see Fig. 2) to accommodate a m
13、etal pin orholding device compatible with the test machine used.6.2 Testing MachineAny suitable machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead movement type. The testing machine shall be1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and are the direct respon
14、sibility of Subcommittee F07.08 onTransparent Enclosures and Materials.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F521 83 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F0521-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
15、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ans
16、i.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Flatwise Tensile Strength TestF521 162equipped with the necessary drive mechanism for imparting tothe crosshead a uniform, controlled velocity with respect
17、 to thebase. The testing machine shall also be equipped with aload-indicating mechanism capable of showing the total loadapplied to the test specimen. This mechanism shall be essen-tially free from inertial-lag at the specified rate of testing andshall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61.0 % of
18、 theindicated value, or better.6.3 AdhesiveAny suitable adhesive.47. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen shall consist of a 50-mm (2-in.)square sample of laminate prepared in such a manner as toproduce smooth edges to minimize the possibility of edgechipping during testing. The thickness of the speci
19、men shall bethe thickness of the laminate. The upper and lower surfacesshall be parallel to each other and reasonably flat. Test fivespecimens.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Determine the cross-sectional area of the test specimenin a plane parallel to the surface.8.2 Gently abrade the bonding surfac
20、es of the metal blocksand the specimen (except glasssee Note 1) using 200400grit paper or light sandblasting. Do not abrade the edges andcorners of the specimen or the metal blocks. Do not round thecorners.NOTE 1Do not abrade glass surfaces unless absolutely necessary toobtain adhesion to the thorou
21、ghly cleaned surface.8.3 Clean all contact surfaces of the specimens and metal or“T” blocks with a soft cloth saturated with a suitable solvent orclean dry air blast. Thereafter, do not touch the cleanedsurfaces with the hands. Apply a thin coating of adhesive toboth contact surfaces being careful t
22、o remove all air bubblesfrom the adhesive. Place the specimen between the coatedblocks, being certain the blocks are aligned, then clamp theassembly until the adhesive is cured.4Hysol Adhesive 907, a two-part epoxy adhesive available from E. V. RobertsCo., 9601 West Jefferson Blvd., Culver City, CA
23、90230, has been found satisfactoryfor use in this test. The instructions in Section 8 for preparation of the test assemblyare based on the use of this material. Any adhesive that is found to performsatisfactorily under this test may be used provided that the procedure for thepreparation of the test
24、assembly is suitably modified to follow the manufacturersrecommendation for the use of the adhesive.FIG. 2 Optional Tensile Strength Test SpecimenF521 1639. Conditioning9.1 Condition the test specimen at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F)and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h prior totesting.9.2 C
25、onduct tests in the Standard LaboratoryAtmosphere of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidityunless otherwise specified.10. Procedure10.1 Unless otherwise specified, test five specimens. Insertthe specimen assembly in the tension testing machine withself-aligning holders and load to failu
26、re at a rate of 1.25 mm(0.05 in.)/min.10.2 If block adhesive failure occurs, discard the test andtest another specimen.NOTE 2If aluminum blocks are to be reused, one method of removingthe adhesive is to insert the blocks in an oven at 150C (300F) for 1.5 h.When the blocks have cooled, the remaining
27、portion of the test specimenis easily removed by a surface sanding wheel or sandblast. In order tomaintain a plane surface, it is recommended that the metal blocks befinished on a flat emery surface.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the material
28、tested, includ-ing type or grade of substrate and interlayer, thickness,manufacturing history, and so forth,11.1.2 The block adhesive used,11.1.3 The atmospheric conditions in the test room,11.1.4 The total load, in newtons (or pounds-force), re-quired to break each specimen,11.1.5 The unit stress,
29、in pascals (or pounds-force persquare inch), required for failure (calculate the unit stress bydividing the load by the area of the test specimen), and11.1.6 Failure mode (such as within the interlayer, or atwhich interface).TEST METHOD BINTERLAMINAR SHEARSTRENGTH12. Summary of Test Method12.1 The b
30、ond is subjected to mechanical load in thedirection of the plane of the interlayer. The maximum adhesiveor cohesive strength between the interlayer and the outer plies(shear strength) is determined, and is expressed in pascals (orpounds-force per square inch).13. Apparatus13.1 Shear ToolA shear test
31、 fixture of the sliding typewhich is so constructed that the specimen faces are firmlysupported between the stationary and movable blocks tominimize peel effects. Suitable forms of shear tools are shownin Figs. 3 and 4, depending on specimen type.13.2 Testing MachineSee 6.2.14. Test Specimen14.1 The
32、 test specimens shall be either three-ply or five-plyconstruction as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The five-ply construc-tion is preferred, especially for specimens with relatively thickinterlayers of 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) or more.14.2 The test specimen shall be 50 mm (2 in.) squareminimum. Increasing specimen
33、 size will give slightly betteraccuracy up to the point where the face plies begin to fracture.Prepare the specimens in such a manner as to produce smoothedges to minimize premature edge chipping during testing.14.3 Orient the samples to duplicate the actual loadingconditions in service whenever pos
34、sible.14.4 Number of Test Specimens:14.4.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample in thecase of isotropic materials.14.4.2 Test ten specimens, five normal to, and five parallelwith the principal axis of anisotropy, for each sample ofanisotropic material.14.4.3 Discard specimens that break at s
35、ome obvious flawand retest, unless such flaws constitute a variable whose effectis desired for study.15. Conditioning15.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with Section 9.16. Procedure16.1 Measure and record the length and width of the bondarea with a suitable micrometer to the nearest 0.025 mm(
36、0.001 in.).16.2 Place the specimen in the test fixture, taking care toalign the loaded end of the specimen parallel to the loading bar.16.3 Set the speed of testing at 1.25 mm (0.05 in.)/min andstart the testing machine.16.4 Record the maximum load carried by the specimen upto the point of rupture.1
37、6.5 Remove and examine the test specimen for evidence ofpremature failure due to edge chipping or slippage of thespecimen in the fixture. If premature failure has occurred,discard the sample and retest another sample.16.6 Calculate the bond stress by dividing the maximumload by the bond area. For th
38、ree-ply tests, the bond area is thearea of one of the bond-line surfaces; for five-ply tests, the areais two times the area of one of the bond-line surfaces.17. Report17.1 The report shall include the following:17.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufactu
39、rers code number, configurationprincipal dimensions, and previous history,17.1.2 The size of the specimen and direction of loading,17.1.3 The conditioning procedure,17.1.4 The total load, in newtons (or pounds-force), re-quired to break each specimen,17.1.5 The bond shear stress, in pascals (or poun
40、ds-forceper square inch), and17.1.6 Failure mode (such as within the interlayer or atwhich interface).F521 164TEST METHOD CCREEP RUPTURE18. Summary of Test Method18.1 The bond is subjected to a specified duration of loadapplication under a variety of environmental conditions. Thetime to failure or m
41、ode of failure, with a given load, isdetermined.19. Significance and Use19.1 Data from creep tests are of considerable importance inpredicting the performance of materials with variations ofdesign or interlayer materials. Variations include elevated orlow-temperature testing, incorporation of specif
42、ic edge designconfigurations such as bus bars, separator films, or coatedsubstrates and symmetric or asymmetric loading conditions.19.2 The test is generally not suitable for quality controlacceptance testing due to the extended time periods required toobtain results.20. Apparatus20.1 Metal BlocksSe
43、e 6.1.20.2 Testing MachineA tension testing machine with aconstant load setting and a load indicator is suitable forperforming this testing. This type of loading affords a widerange of applied loads, but due to the time-consuming nature of1. Three-ply shear test specimen.2. Female steel housing.3. M
44、ale steel housing.4. Loading bar (hardened steel).5. Shim (same thickness as the interlayer).6. Bolts.FIG. 3 Three-Ply Shear Test FixtureF521 165the test, limits the number of specimens that can be testedwithin a period of time. The preferred testing machine is eithera commercial creep machine, or a
45、 weighted lever mounted ona steel frame (see Fig. 7). It is possible to construct test systemswith several stations and a variation of loads by appropriatelypositioning a slotted lead weight along the loading lever arm.20.3 AdhesiveAny suitable adhesive.421. Test Specimen21.1 See Section 7.22. Prepa
46、ration of Apparatus22.1 Prepare assembly in accordance with Section 8.Ifeccentric loading is desired, prepare assembly in accordancewith Note 3 and Fig. 8.NOTE 3In reference to Fig. 8, the specimen shall be mountedconcentrically (solid lines) or eccentrically (dotted lines) according to theloading a
47、rea. Instead of the eccentrically mounted specimen, the holes inthe “T” block are moved on a horizontal centerline toward each edge ofthe “T” block to produce an eccentric load when the specimen isconcentrically mounted. Variations of the specimen such as separators orinserts in the interlayer are e
48、valuated by this test method.1. Five-ply shear test specimens.2. Steel housing.3. Shim (same thickness as the interlayer).4. Steel spacer.5. Loading bar (hardened steel).6. Bolts.FIG. 4 Five-Ply Shear Test FixtureF521 16623. Conditioning23.1 Condition test specimens for creep testing to obtainconsis
49、tent moisture content and temperature. Unless otherwisespecified, condition specimens in accordance with Section 9,with conditions remaining constant during the test.24. Procedure24.1 When the adhesive has cured, insert the specimenassembly in the tension machine or test frame and apply thespecified dead-weight load. Record time at application of theload, at initiation of failure, and at complete failure. Initiationis often indicated by the appearance of a small delamination,void, or bubble. This void or bubble is observed through thepo
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