ASTM F551-2009 Standard Practice for Using a 67 23-in (1 707-m) Diameter Laboratory Test Roadwheel in Testing Tires.pdf

1、Designation: F 551 09Standard Practice forUsing a 67.23-in. (1.707-m) Diameter Laboratory TestRoadwheel in Testing Tires1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the requirements for a 67.23-in.(1.707-m) diameter laboratory roadwheel for durability a

3、ndendurance testing of tires under controlled operating andenvironmental conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1

4、.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificpre

5、cautionary statements, see Section 7 and Note 1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-formance of Tires3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions given in Terminology F 538are regarded as standard.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice de

6、scribes the specifications and dimen-sions of a 67.23-in. (1.707-m) diameter laboratory roadwheelsystem for testing of one or more tire assemblies undercontrolled conditions. It also describes the calibration proce-dures for the standard operation of the wheel.5. Significance and Use5.1 The 67.23-in

7、. (1.707-m) diameter laboratory test road-wheel is one of the most extensively employed testing devicesfor tire durability and endurance testing.5.2 This test apparatus operating in the laboratory at con-trolled surface speeds, loads, and ambient temperatures simu-lates, to a degree, tire-operating

8、conditions resembling actualservice. Because of the roadwheel curvature, the test tire isfatigued more rapidly than a tire operating on a road.5.3 The laboratory roadwheel described in this practice issuitable for comparative evaluation of tires under controlledoperating and environmental conditions

9、.5.4 While the laboratory roadwheel may not reproducestructural fatigue exactly as it occurs in service, the laboratorywheel can be used to produce fatigue under controlled condi-tions.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Test RoadwheelA laboratory test road-wheel consists of a large steel wheel against which

10、 one or moretire-wheel assemblies are pressed at specific loads (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 The roadwheel shall have an outside diameter of 67.23in. (1.707 m) 6 0.5 %. This dimension originated from thechoice of the circumference of the roadwheel as being1300mile.6.1.2 The width of the roadwheel shall be suc

11、h that theedges are not in contact with the tire under test.6.1.3 The surface roughness of the roadwheel that is incontact with the tire shall not be in excess of 125 in. (3.18 m)and must be continuous and without holes or projections.Where it is necessary to provide for the affixing of special test

12、accessories such as cleats, the empty bolt holes in the path ofthe tire contact width should be plugged, so as to match thewheel curvature and be within the maximum specified surfaceroughness.6.1.4 The total indicated radial runout of the wheel shall notexceed 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).6.2 Loading System:6

13、.2.1 The loading system shall be capable of applying andcontrolling the tire loading force to the desired level.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tires and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.10 on Equipment, Facilities andCalibration.Current edition appro

14、ved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 551 89 (2000) waswithdrawn in January 2009 and reinstated in June 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.o

15、rg. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2.2 The tire loading force shall pass through the axis of thet

16、ire under test and the axis of the roadwheel at all times.6.2.3 The axis of rotation of the roadwheel and the axis ofrotation of the tire undergoing test shall be parallel within 10min of arc for camber and slip angle.6.2.4 Each tire-loading system should be equipped with adevice that causes the tir

17、e to be retracted from the roadwheelimmediately upon its reaching a preset deflection indicative oftire failure or air loss.6.3 DriveThe drive shall be capable of rotating theroadwheel and maintaining the desired surface speed under allload conditions.6.4 Ambient Temperature ConditionsAmbient temper

18、a-ture surrounding the tire(s) shall be controlled at 100 6 5F(38 6 3C) for all operating conditions.6.5 Instrumentation:6.5.1 Equipment shall be provided to indicate roadwheelsurface speed and to provide a measure of the linear equivalentdistance traveled.6.5.2 Optional equipment may be provided to

19、 indicate orrecord, or both, the load, ambient temperature, and inflationpressure, and to record the roadwheel speed.6.6 Control Tolerances on Speed, Load, and Distance:Wheel Speed ToleranceUp to 50 mph (80 km/h)50 to 250 mph (80 to 400 km/h)60.5 mph (0.8 km/h)61.0 mph (1.6 km/h)Normal Force Toleran

20、ceAt Specified Load 61%Linear Travel of the Test ToleranceWheel Surface 60.5 %7. Safety Precautions7.1 The tire, rim, and wheel must be free of obvious defects,as judged by visual inspection. In particular, the bolt holes, thevalve, and the base of the rim flange must not be wornexcessively.7.2 Haza

21、rds During the TestAtire is a pressure vessel thatbecomes progressively weaker during a wheel test, bothbecause of fatigue damage and by the lower tensile strength ofthe components at the high temperatures developed. Therefore,a catastrophic loss of air pressure shall be anticipated at everystage of

22、 the test. Such a failure may be accompanied byfragments having a high energy level being thrown from thedegenerated tire. Adequate machine safeguards and fire andpersonnel protection equipment shall be provided at all times.8. Calibration8.1 Use a system calibration.8.2 Calibration standards shall

23、be comprised of instrumen-tation and measuring apparatus that are used for verification ofthe accuracies of the indicating-recording instrumentationassociated with the laboratory wheel. Calibration standardsshall be of sufficient accuracy and resolution to ensure that theindicating-recording instrum

24、entation system subject to calibra-tion is accurate to the tolerances listed in 6.6. Calibrationstandard accuracy will be ascertained by comparison of thestandard with primary standards maintained by the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or secondarystandards traceable to NIST. Th

25、e frequency of calibration shallFIG. 1 Laboratory Tire Test RoadwheelF551092be at least every six months and as often as necessary to ensurethat all functions are within the tolerances listed in 6.6.NOTE 1Caution: This instrumentation shall be used only for pur-poses of calibration and shall be main

26、tained in a manner that will ensurethe retention of their accuracies between calibration intervals.8.3 Tire Load (Force)The calibration of the tire-loadingsystem shall consist of orienting a force transducer standard sothat it is subjected to the normal force applied to a tire that hasbeen forced ag

27、ainst the surface of the roadwheel. Apply aseries of loads (forces) covering the range of increasing anddecreasing load intervals normally employed during testing,and the load (force) values obtained from the standard,compared with those obtained from the indicating-recordingsystem associated with t

28、he roadwheel. The load intervals usedfor calibration purposes shall be small enough and repeated atleast once to enable determination of linearity trends andrepeatability of the indicating-recording system.8.4 SpeedPerform the calibration of the roadwheel sur-face speed indicating-recording system b

29、y comparing the linearsurface velocity of the wheel with an appropriate standard. Alinear surface velocity observation may be made at the periph-ery of the wheel or obtained by determining the frequency ofthe roadwheel revolutions at the shaft and computing the linearsurface velocity. Operate the ro

30、adwheel throughout the rangeof speeds employed during testing and the speed valuesobtained with the standard compared to those indicated orrecorded by the usual instrumentation. For calibration pur-poses, the speed intervals used should be small enough, ofsufficient duration, and repeated at least o

31、nce to enabledeterminations of linearity and repeatability trends of theindicating-recording system.8.5 Inflation Pressure Monitoring Equipment (Optional)Perform the calibration of the tire inflation pressure indicating-recording system by direct comparison with an appropriatepressure transducer sta

32、ndard accurate to 60.25 psi (1.7 kPa).Make the comparison with the two systems in pressureequilibrium. Set the pressure source to values throughout therange of inflation pressure normally experienced during thetest. The intervals chosen should be small enough, of sufficientduration, and repeated at

33、least once to enable observations oflinearity and repeatability trends of the indicating-recordingsystem.8.6 Tire Temperature Measuring Equipment (Optional):8.6.1 Perform the calibration of the temperature measuringequipment indicating-recording system by the direct compari-son with an appropriate t

34、emperature transducer standard. Makethe comparison with the two systems in thermal equilibrium.8.6.2 Make the calibration at values throughout the range oftemperatures normally experienced during the test. The inter-vals chosen should be small enough, of sufficient duration, andrepeated at least onc

35、e to enable observations of linearity andrepeatability trends of the indicating-recording system.NOTE 2In Section 8, the phrase “repeated at least once” shall beinterpreted to mean that the entire calibration procedure is repeated frombeginning to end. Merely taking two duplicate readings in success

36、ion ofeach specified condition does not constitute a replication of the process ofcalibration.9. Keywords9.1 durability; endurance; laboratory tire testing; structuralfatigue; testing tiresASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with a

37、ny item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technica

38、l committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration

39、at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor

40、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F551093