ASTM F606-2007 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners Washers Direct Tension Indicators and Rivets《测定外螺纹及内螺.pdf

1、Designation: F 606 07Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct TensionIndicators, and Rivets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the

2、year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Depa

3、rtment of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover establishment of proceduresfor conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties ofexternally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, directtension indicators, and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for theirdete

4、rmination are specified in individual product standards. Inthose instances where the testing requirements are unique or atvariance with these standard procedures, the product standardshall specify the controlling testing requirements.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-mining

5、the following properties:SectionFor Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3Product Hardness 3.1Proof Load 3.2.1Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5Tension

6、Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6Total Extension at Fracture TestSingle Sheer Test3.73.8For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4Product Hardness 4.1Proof Load Test 4.2Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1Through Hardened Washer

7、s 5.2Carburized Washers 5.3Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4Direct Tension Indicators 5.5Compression Load 5.6For Rivets: 6Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally ThreadedFasteners7Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 81.4 This standa

8、rd does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1A complete metric compan

9、ion to Test Methods F 606 hasbeen developedF 606M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shown inthese test methods.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,Zinc-Coated and BareE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8 Test Meth

10、ods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of MetallicMaterialsE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-rialsE 384

11、 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Ma-terialsF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalProperties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets MetricF 959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension

12、Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF 1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueF 2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and Studs1Thes

13、e test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 onTest Methods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 606 06.2For re

14、ferenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, W

15、est Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Military Standard:3MIL STD 1312, Test 13 and Test 203. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after theremoval of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or othercoating. All readings shall be

16、within the hardness values listedin the product specification. The average of all readings on thesame part shall be considered as the product hardness. Testresults shall conform to the product specification for the lotrepresented by the test specimens to be considered conforming.Test specimen prepar

17、ation and hardness tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods E18for Rockwelltests, Test Method E10for Brinell tests, Test Method E92forVickers tests, or Test Method E 384 for Microhardness tests.The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, withregards to the size and grade o

18、f the products.3.1.1 Routine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness ofthe finished product, the following test locations can be used:3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con-ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, endof bolt or at the arbitration location.3.1.1.2 F

19、or studs, products without parallel wrench flats andfor head styles other than hex and square; tests shall beconducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud orat the arbitration location.3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) aremeasured anywhere on the surface or through

20、the cross section.Refer to the product specification for particular test location oruse the arbitration location.3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for allproduct diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited toproducts over 112-in. nominal diameter.3.1.2 Laboratory InspectionAfte

21、r observing 3.1 and3.1.1, a minimum of three readings shall be taken on eachsample of finished product.3.1.3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitrationbetween the purchaser and seller over reported test results,hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of atransverse sectio

22、n through the threads taken at a distance ofapproximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt orone end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the pointend of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall betaken approximately 90 to one another on the same plane, ifproduct siz

23、e permits. Smaller diameter products may also usethe opposite parallel surface area of the bolt head end assectioned above (see Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness islimited to product sizes greater than 214-in. nominal diameter.3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that bolts and studs betested full si

24、ze, and it is customary, when so testing, to specifya minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pounds-force (orpounds-force per square inch.) Sections 3.2-3.5 apply whentesting externally threaded fasteners full size. Section 3.6 shallapply where the individual product specifications permit theuse of ma

25、chined specimens (see Test Methods E8).3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressingthe product with a specified load that the product mustwithstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative testsfor determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-loadtest are the yield stren

26、gth test and the uniform hardness test.Either Method 1 (3.2.3), Method 2 (3.2.4), or Method 3 (3.2.5)may be used, but Method 1 shall be the arbitration method incase of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see TestMethods E8).3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in thefixture

27、of the tension testing machine so that six completethreads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall bebased on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This isobtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the threadrunout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sixfull tur

28、ns. For continuous thread bolts, at least six full threadsshall be exposed between the fixture ends; however, for refereepurposes, six full threads shall be exposed.3.2.3 Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure consistentand repetitive length measurements of the fastener, thethreaded end and top of th

29、e bolt head shall have conical3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test LocationF606072depressions made at the approximate axis or center line of thefasten

30、er. If raised or depressed markings on the head interferewith the placement of the measuring depressions, the headshall be carefully ground. The measuring instrument shall havepointed anvils which mate with the center line depressions andbe capable of measuring changes in length of 0.0001 in. withan

31、 accuracy of 0.0001 in. in any 0.001 in. range. Place thefastener between the measuring anvils and rotate it approxi-mately14 turn to the left center, right then center again toassure sound seating. Zero the instrument or record indicatedmeasurement. If using a bolt extensometer, the bolt withattach

32、ed extensometer may be assembled into the tensiontesting machine. If not, mark the fastener so it may be placedas close as possible to the same position for the second reading.Remove and assemble the fastener into the tension testingmachine as outlined in 3.4. With a test speed which shall notexceed

33、 0.12 in./min, as determined with a free-running crosshead, axially load the fastener to the proof load value specifiedin the product specification. This load shall be maintained fora period of 10 s before releasing the load. Replace the fastenerbetween the measuring anvils and rotate as before, sto

34、pping themark at the same approximate position as the first reading. Themeasurement shall show no permanent elongation. A toleranceof 60.0005 in. shall be allowed (for measurement error only)between the measurement made before loading and that madeafter loading. Variables such as straightness, threa

35、d alignment,or measurement error could result in apparent elongation of theproduct when the specified proof load is initially applied. Insuch cases, the product may be retested using a 3 % greaterload, and shall be considered acceptable if there is no differ-ence in the length measurement after this

36、 loading within a0.0005 in. measurement tolerance as outlined.3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product inthe testing equipment as outlined in 3.4.As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product or anypart of it that includes the exposed threads to produce aloa

37、d-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at anoffset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six fullthreads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the methoddescribed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength for Aust

38、enitic StainlessSteel and Non-ferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in thetesting equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product in orderto produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load orstress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain b

39、ased on the length ofthe bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will besubject to elongation under load by using the method describedin 3.6.3.1.3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform HardnessThe fasteners shall betested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, thehardness shall also be determ

40、ined in the core. The differencebetween the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not morethan 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings mustbe within product specification. This test is valid for fastenersup to and including 1 in. in diameter.3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension Testing

41、Productlengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product14 through34 in. in diameter and less than three diameters in length forproduct above34 in. in diameter, or that do not have sufficientthreads for proper engagement and still leave the specifiednumber of complete threads exposed between the

42、grips, shallbe deemed too short for tension testing, and acceptance shall bebased on a hardness test performed in accordance with 3.1.Iftests other than product hardness are required, their require-ments should be referenced in the product specification.3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product

43、s:3.4.1 Test bolts in a holder with the load axially appliedbetween the head and a nut or suitable fixture (Fig. 2), either ofwhich shall have sufficient thread engagement to develop thefull strength of the product. Assemble the nut or fixture on theproduct, leaving a minimum of six complete bolt th

44、readsFIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Bolt (Typical Set-Up)F606073exposed between the grips except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall have four complete threads exposed betweenthe grips.3.4.2 Test studs by assembling one end in the threadedfixture to the thread runout. For studs having un

45、like threads,this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread, or with thelarger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other end of thestud in a threaded fixture, leaving six complete threads exposedbetween the grips. For continuous thread studs, at least sixcomplete threads shall be exposed betwe

46、en the fixture ends.The maximum speed of the free-running cross head shall notexceed 1 in./min. When reporting the tensile strength ofproduct, in pounds-force per square inch, calculate the threadstress area as follows:As5 0.7854 D 2 0.9743!/n#2(1)where:As= thread stress area, in.2,D = nominal diame

47、ter of bolt or stud, in., andn = number of threads per inch.3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load prior to fracture notless than the minimum tensile strength specified in the productspecification for its size, strength, and thread se

48、ries. In addi-tion, the tensile fracture shall occur in the body or threadedsection with no fracture at the junction of head and shank.3.5 Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size ProductThewedge tensile strength of a hex or square-head fastener,socket-head cap screw (with the exception of socket button o

49、rflat countersunk head products) or stud is the tensile load thatthe product is capable of sustaining when stressed with awedge under the head. The purpose of this test is to obtain thetensile strength and demonstrate the “head quality” and duc-tility of the product.3.5.1 Wedge Tension Testing of BoltsDetermine the ulti-mate load of the bolt as described in 3.4 except place a wedgeunder the bolt head. When both wedge tension and proof loadtesting are required by the product specification use the proofload-tested bolts for wedge testing. The wedge shall have