ASTM F606-2009 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners Washers Direct Tension Indicators and Rivets.pdf

1、Designation: F606 09Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct TensionIndicators, and Rivets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye

2、ar of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department

3、of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover establishment of proceduresfor conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties ofexternally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, directtension indicators, and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for theirdeterminati

4、on are specified in individual product standards. Inthose instances where the testing requirements are unique or atvariance with these standard procedures, the product standardshall specify the controlling testing requirements.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-mining the fol

5、lowing properties:SectionFor Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3Product Hardness 3.1Proof Load 3.2.1Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5Tension Testing

6、 of Machined Test Specimens 3.6Total Extension at Fracture TestSingle Sheer Test3.73.8For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4Product Hardness 4.1Proof Load Test 4.2Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1Through Hardened Washers 5.2Ca

7、rburized Washers 5.3Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4Direct Tension Indicators 5.5Compression Load 5.6For Rivets: 6Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally ThreadedFasteners7Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 81.4 This standard does

8、 not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1Acomplete metric companion to T

9、est Methods F606 has beendevelopedF606M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in thesetest methods.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,Zinc-Coated and BareE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8 Test Methods for Ten

10、sion Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-alsE384 Test Metho

11、d for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-rialsF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalProperties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric)F959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indicators f

12、or Use with Structural FastenersF1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel1These test methods are under the jurisdic

13、tion of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 onTest Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F606 06. DOI:10.1520/F0606-09.2For referenced ASTM stan

14、dards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

15、PA 19428-2959, United States.Bolts, Screws and Studs2.2 Military Standard:3MIL STD 1312, Test 13 and Test 203. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after theremoval of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or othercoating. All readings shal

16、l be within the hardness values listedin the product specification. The average of all readings on thesame part shall be considered as the product hardness. Testresults shall conform to the product specification for the lotrepresented by the test specimens to be considered conforming.Test specimen p

17、reparation and hardness tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods E18 for Rockwelltests, Test Method E10 for Brinell tests, Test Method E92 forVickers tests, or Test Method E384 for Microhardness tests.The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, withregards to the size and

18、grade of the products.3.1.1 Routine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness ofthe finished product, the following test locations can be used:3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con-ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, endof bolt or at the arbitration location.3.

19、1.1.2 For studs, products without parallel wrench flats andfor head styles other than hex and square; tests shall beconducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud orat the arbitration location.3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) aremeasured anywhere on the surface or t

20、hrough the cross section.Refer to the product specification for particular test location oruse the arbitration location.3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for allproduct diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited toproducts over 112-in. nominal diameter.3.1.2 Laboratory Inspect

21、ionAfter observing 3.1 and3.1.1, a minimum of three readings shall be taken on eachsample of finished product.3.1.3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitrationbetween the purchaser and seller over reported test results,hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of atransverse

22、 section through the threads taken at a distance ofapproximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt orone end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the pointend of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall betaken approximately 90 to one another on the same plane, ifprod

23、uct size permits. Smaller diameter products may also usethe opposite parallel surface area of the bolt head end assectioned above (see Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness islimited to product sizes greater than 214-in. nominal diameter.3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that bolts and studs betested

24、full size, and it is customary, when so testing, to specifya minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pounds-force (orpounds-force per square inch.) Sections 3.2-3.5 apply whentesting externally threaded fasteners full size. Section 3.6 shallapply where the individual product specifications permit theus

25、e of machined specimens (see Test Methods E8).3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressingthe product with a specified load that the product mustwithstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative testsfor determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-loadtest are the yiel

26、d strength test and the uniform hardness test.Either Method 1 (3.2.3), Method 2 (3.2.4), or Method 3 (3.2.5)may be used, but Method 1 shall be the arbitration method incase of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see TestMethods E8).3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in thef

27、ixture of the tension testing machine so that six completethreads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall bebased on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This isobtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the threadrunout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sixf

28、ull turns. For continuous thread bolts, at least six full threadsshall be exposed between the fixture ends; however, for refereepurposes, six full threads shall be exposed.3.2.3 Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure consistentand repetitive length measurements of the fastener, thethreaded end and to

29、p of the bolt head shall have conical3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test LocationF606 092depressions made at the approximate axis or center line of t

30、hefastener. If raised or depressed markings on the head interferewith the placement of the measuring depressions, the headshall be carefully ground. The measuring instrument shall havepointed anvils which mate with the center line depressions andbe capable of measuring changes in length of 0.0001 in

31、. withan accuracy of 0.0001 in. in any 0.001 in. range. Place thefastener between the measuring anvils and rotate it approxi-mately14 turn to the left center, right then center again toassure sound seating. Zero the instrument or record indicatedmeasurement. If using a bolt extensometer, the bolt wi

32、thattached extensometer may be assembled into the tensiontesting machine. If not, mark the fastener so it may be placedas close as possible to the same position for the second reading.Remove and assemble the fastener into the tension testingmachine as outlined in 3.4. With a test speed which shall n

33、otexceed 0.12 in./min, as determined with a free-running crosshead, axially load the fastener to the proof load value specifiedin the product specification. This load shall be maintained fora period of 10 s before releasing the load. Replace the fastenerbetween the measuring anvils and rotate as bef

34、ore, stopping themark at the same approximate position as the first reading. Themeasurement shall show no permanent elongation. A toleranceof 60.0005 in. shall be allowed (for measurement error only)between the measurement made before loading and that madeafter loading. Variables such as straightnes

35、s, thread alignment,or measurement error could result in apparent elongation of theproduct when the specified proof load is initially applied. Insuch cases, the product may be retested using a 3 % greaterload, and shall be considered acceptable if there is no differ-ence in the length measurement af

36、ter this loading within a0.0005 in. measurement tolerance as outlined.3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product inthe testing equipment as outlined in 3.4.As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product or anypart of it that includes the exposed threads to prod

37、uce aload-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at anoffset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six fullthreads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the methoddescribed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength

38、for Austenitic StainlessSteel and Non-ferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in thetesting equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product in orderto produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load orstress at an offset equal to 0.2 %

39、strain based on the length ofthe bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will besubject to elongation under load by using the method describedin 3.6.3.1.3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform HardnessThe fasteners shall betested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, thehardness shall also b

40、e determined in the core. The differencebetween the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not morethan 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings mustbe within product specification. This test is valid for fastenersup to and including 1 in. in diameter.3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension

41、 TestingProductlengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product14 through34 in. in diameter and less than three diameters in length forproduct above34 in. in diameter, or that do not have sufficientthreads for proper engagement and still leave the specifiednumber of complete threads exposed betw

42、een the grips, shallbe deemed too short for tension testing, and acceptance shall bebased on a hardness test performed in accordance with 3.1.Iftests other than product hardness are required, their require-ments should be referenced in the product specification.3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size

43、 Products:3.4.1 Test bolts in a holder with the load axially appliedbetween the head and a nut or suitable fixture (Fig. 2), either ofwhich shall have sufficient thread engagement to develop thefull strength of the product. Assemble the nut or fixture on theproduct, leaving a minimum of six complete

44、 bolt threadsFIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Bolt (Typical Set-Up)F606 093exposed between the grips except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall have four complete threads exposed betweenthe grips.3.4.2 Test studs by assembling one end in the threadedfixture to the thread runout. For studs

45、having unlike threads,this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread, or with thelarger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other end of thestud in a threaded fixture, leaving six complete threads exposedbetween the grips. For continuous thread studs, at least sixcomplete threads shall be expo

46、sed between the fixture ends.The maximum speed of the free-running cross head shall notexceed 1 in./min. When reporting the tensile strength ofproduct, in pounds-force per square inch, calculate the threadstress area as follows:As5 0.7854 D 2 0.9743!/n#2(1)where:As= thread stress area, in.2,D = nomi

47、nal diameter of bolt or stud, in., andn = number of threads per inch.3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load prior to fracture notless than the minimum tensile strength specified in the productspecification for its size, strength, and

48、thread series. In addi-tion, the tensile fracture shall occur in the body or threadedsection with no fracture at the junction of head and shank.3.5 Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size ProductThewedge tensile strength of a hex or square-head fastener,socket-head cap screw (with the exception of socket

49、 button orflat countersunk head products) or stud is the tensile load thatthe product is capable of sustaining when stressed with awedge under the head. The purpose of this test is to obtain thetensile strength and demonstrate the “head quality” and duc-tility of the product.3.5.1 Wedge Tension Testing of BoltsDetermine the ulti-mate load of the bolt as described in 3.4 except place a wedgeunder the bolt head. When both wedge tension and proof loadtesting are required by the product specification use the proofload-tested bolts for wedge testing. The wedge