ASTM F606-2011 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners Washers Direct Tension Indicators and Rivets《测定外螺纹和内螺.pdf

1、Designation: F606 11Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct TensionIndicators, and Rivets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye

2、ar of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department

3、of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover establishment of proceduresfor conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties ofexternally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, directtension indicators, and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for theirdeterminat

4、ion are specified in individual product standards. Inthose instances where the testing requirements are unique or atvariance with these standard procedures, the product standardshall specify the controlling testing requirements.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-mining the fo

5、llowing properties:SectionFor Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3Product Hardness 3.1Proof Load 3.2.1Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5Tension Testin

6、g of Machined Test Specimens 3.6Total Extension at Fracture TestSingle Sheer Test3.73.8For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4Product Hardness 4.1Proof Load Test 4.2Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1Through Hardened Washers 5.2C

7、arburized Washers 5.3Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4Direct Tension Indicators 5.5Compression Load 5.6For Rivets: 6Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally ThreadedFasteners7Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 81.4 The values stated

8、 in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1Acomplete metric companion to Test Methods F606 has beendevelopedF606M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in thesetest methods.1.5 This standard does not purport to address a

9、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A394 Specification

10、for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,Zinc-Coated and BareE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE83 Practice f

11、or Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-als3E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsF436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF606M Test Methods for Determining the MechanicalProperties of Externally and

12、 Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, and Rivets (Metric)F959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 onTest Methods.Current edition approved May 15, 2

13、011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F606 10a. DOI:10.1520/F0606-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information

14、, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C

15、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Tension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueF2328 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tem

16、pered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and Studs2.2 Military Standard:4MIL STD 1312, Test 13 and Test 203. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after theremoval of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or othercoating. All readings shall be with

17、in the hardness values listedin the product specification. The average of all readings on thesame part shall be considered as the product hardness. Testresults shall conform to the product specification for the lotrepresented by the test specimens to be considered conforming.Test specimen preparatio

18、n and hardness tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Methods E18 for Rockwelltests, Test Method E10 for Brinell tests, Test Method E92 forVickers tests, or Test Method E384 for Microhardness tests.The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, withregards to the size and grade of

19、the products.3.1.1 Routine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness ofthe finished product, the following test locations can be used:3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con-ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, endof bolt or at the arbitration location.3.1.1.2 For

20、 studs, products without parallel wrench flats andfor head styles other than hex and square; tests shall beconducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud orat the arbitration location.3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) aremeasured anywhere on the surface or through th

21、e cross section.Refer to the product specification for particular test location oruse the arbitration location.3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for allproduct diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited toproducts over 112-in. nominal diameter.3.1.2 Laboratory InspectionAfter

22、observing 3.1 and3.1.1, a minimum of three readings shall be taken on eachsample of finished product.3.1.3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitrationbetween the purchaser and seller over reported test results,hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of atransverse section

23、through the threads taken at a distance ofapproximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt orone end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the pointend of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall betaken approximately 90 to one another on the same plane, ifproduct size

24、permits. Smaller diameter products may also usethe opposite parallel surface area of the bolt head end assectioned above (see Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness islimited to product sizes greater than 214-in. nominal diameter.3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that bolts and studs betested full size

25、, and it is customary, when so testing, to specifya minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pounds-force (orpounds-force per square inch.) Sections 3.2-3.5 apply whentesting externally threaded fasteners full size. Section 3.6 shallapply where the individual product specifications permit theuse of mach

26、ined specimens (see Test Methods E8).3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressingthe product with a specified load that the product mustwithstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative testsfor determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-loadtest are the yield strengt

27、h test and the uniform hardness test.Either Method 1 (3.2.3), Method 2 (3.2.4), or Method 3 (3.2.5)may be used, but Method 1 shall be the arbitration method incase of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see TestMethods E8).3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in thefixture of

28、 the tension testing machine so that six completethreads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall be4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test Lo

29、cationF606 112based on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This isobtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the threadrunout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sixfull turns. For continuous thread bolts, at least six full threadsshall be exposed between the fixture ends

30、; however, for refereepurposes, six full threads shall be exposed.3.2.3 Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure consistentand repetitive length measurements of the fastener, thethreaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conicaldepressions made at the approximate axis or center line of thefastene

31、r. In the event of a dispute over test results the test shallbe conducted after the removal of all manufacturer or grademarkings, surface oxide, decarburization, plating, other coat-ing, or a combination thereof, to achieve a clean, flat surfaceand the conical depressions shall be created using a la

32、the orsome type of centering fixture. All debris shall be removedfrom the conical depressions before measuring the part. Whenfasteners are too long to test in the available equipment theymay be cut to 8 inches 6 0.125 and tested using Method 1. Ifthere is a dispute over results when testing the same

33、 part or lotof parts both full size and cut to 8 inches the 8 inch test resultsshall be used to determine acceptance. The measuring instru-ment shall have pointed anvils which mate with the center linedepressions and be capable of measuring changes in length of0.0001 in. with an accuracy of 0.0001 i

34、n. in any 0.001 in.range. Place the fastener between the measuring anvils. Thefastener shall be rotated at least 360 degrees to assure soundseating. At the position where the lowest value is indicated theinstrument shall be zeroed or the indicated measurement shallbe recorded. If using a bolt extens

35、ometer, the bolt with attachedextensometer may be assembled into the tension testing ma-chine. If not, mark the fastener so it may be placed as close aspossible to the same position for the second reading. Removeand assemble the fastener into the tension testing machine asoutlined in 3.4. With a tes

36、t speed which shall not exceed 0.12in./min, as determined with a free-running cross head, axiallyload the fastener to the proof load value specified in the productspecification. This load shall be maintained for a period of 10s before releasing the load. Replace the fastener between themeasuring anv

37、ils and rotate at least 360 degrees as before. Thefastener shall be stopped at the position where the lowest valueis indicated. The measurement shall show no permanentelongation. A tolerance of 60.0005 in. shall be allowed (formeasurement error only) between the measurement madebefore loading and th

38、at made after loading. Variables such asstraightness, thread alignment, or measurement error couldresult in apparent elongation of the product when the specifiedproof load is initially applied. In such cases, the product maybe retested using a 3 % greater load, and shall be consideredacceptable if t

39、here is no difference in the length measurementafter this loading within a 0.0005 in. measurement tolerance asoutlined.3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product inthe testing equipment as outlined in 3.4.As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product or anypar

40、t of it that includes the exposed threads to produce aload-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at anoffset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six fullthreads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the methoddescri

41、bed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength for Austenitic StainlessSteel and Non-ferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in thetesting equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product in orderto produce a load elongation diagram. Determi

42、ne the load orstress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain based on the length ofthe bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will besubject to elongation under load by using the method describedin 3.6.3.1.3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform HardnessThe fasteners shall betested for hardness as described

43、in 3.1, and in addition, thehardness shall also be determined in the core. The differencebetween the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not moreFIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Bolt (Typical Set-Up)F606 113than 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings mustbe within product specificati

44、on. This test is valid for fastenersup to and including 1 in. in diameter.3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension TestingProductlengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product14 through34 in. in diameter and less than three diameters in length forproduct above34 in. in diameter, or that do not

45、 have sufficientthreads for proper engagement and still leave the specifiednumber of complete threads exposed between the grips, shallbe deemed too short for tension testing, and acceptance shall bebased on a hardness test performed in accordance with 3.1.Iftests other than product hardness are requ

46、ired, their require-ments should be referenced in the product specification.3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Products:3.4.1 Test bolts in a holder with the load axially appliedbetween the head and a nut or suitable fixture (Fig. 2), either ofwhich shall have sufficient thread engagement to dev

47、elop thefull strength of the product. Assemble the nut or fixture on theproduct, leaving a minimum of six complete bolt threadsexposed between the grips except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall have four complete threads exposed betweenthe grips.3.4.2 Test studs by assembling one end in the

48、 threadedfixture to the thread runout. For studs having unlike threads,this shall be the end with the finer pitch thread, or with thelarger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other end of thestud in a threaded fixture, leaving six complete threads exposedbetween the grips. For continuous thread

49、studs, at least sixcomplete threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends.The maximum speed of the free-running cross head shall notexceed 1 in./min. When reporting the tensile strength ofproduct, in pounds-force per square inch, calculate the threadstress area as follows:As5 0.7854 D 2 0.9743!/n#2(1)where:As= thread stress area, in.2,D = nominal diameter of bolt or stud, in., andn = number of threads per inch.3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load prior to fracture notless than the minimum