ASTM F606M-2011 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners Washers and Rivets [Metric]《测定外螺纹及内螺纹紧固件 垫圈及铆钉的机械特性的.pdf

1、Designation: F606M 11Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and Rivets(Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad

2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1

3、. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover establishment of proceduresfor conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties ofmetric externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers,and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for theirdetermination are specified in individual

4、product standards. Inthose instances where the testing requirements are unique or atvariance with these standard procedures, the product shallspecify the controlling testing requirements.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-mining the following properties:Tests SectionFor Exter

5、nally Threaded Fasteners: 3Product Hardness 3.1Proof Load 3.2.1Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5Axial Tension Testing of Full Size Prod-ucts3.4Wedge Tension Testing of Full SizeProducts3.5Tension Testing of Machined TestSpecimens3.6Total

6、 Extension at Fracture Test 3.7For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4Product Hardness 4.1Proof Load 4.2Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washers and Direct Tension Indica-tors:5General Requirements 5.1Through Hardened Washers 5.2Carburized Washers 5.3For Rivets: 6Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement o

7、f Metallic CoatedExternally Threaded Fasteners7Test Method for Determining Decarburiza-tion and Carburization8Test Method for Measuring CompressionLoads (All Finishes) on Direct TensionIndicators Covered by Test MethodF959MAnnex A11.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No o

8、ther units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1These test methods are the metric companion of Test MethodsF606.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of all of the users of this standard to estab

9、lishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materi-als Metric3E10 Test Method for B

10、rinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter SystemsE92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materi-als3E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness ofMaterialsF436M Spec

11、ification for Hardened Steel Washers (Metric)F606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF959M Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct1These test methods are under the jurisdictio

12、n of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 onTest Methods.Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F606M10a. DOI:10.1520/F0606M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards

13、, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.

14、org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Tension Indicators for Use With Structural Fasteners (Met-ric)F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-brit

15、tlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueF2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and Studs (Metric)3. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted

16、after theremoval of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or othercoating. All readings shall be within the hardness values listedin the product specification. The average of all readings on thesame part shall be considered as the product hardness. Testresults shall conform to the product spec

17、ification for the lotrepresented by the test specimens to be considered conforming.Test specimen preparation and hardness tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test Method E18 for Rockwell tests,Test Method E10 for Brinell tests, Test Method E92 for Vickerstests, or Test Method E384 for Micro

18、hardness tests. Themethod used is at the option of the manufacturer, with regardsto the size and grade of the products.3.1.1 Routine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness ofthe finished product, the following test locations can be used:3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts, test shall be con-ducted

19、 on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, endof bolt or at the arbitration location.3.1.1.2 For studs, products without parallel wrench flats,and for head styles other than hex and square, tests shall beconducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud orat the arbitration locati

20、on.3.1.1.3 Stress-relieved products (see 3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) aremeasured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.Refer to the product specification for particular test location oruse the arbitration location.3.1.1.4 The Rockwell hardness scale may be used for allproduct diameters; howe

21、ver, the Brinell hardness is limited toproducts over 30 mm nominal diameter.3.1.2 Laboratory InspectionAfter observing 3.1 and3.1.1, a minimum of three readings shall be taken on eachsample of finished product.3.1.3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitrationbetween the purchaser and seller

22、 over reported test results,hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of atransverse section through the threads taken at a distance ofapproximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt orone end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken approximately90 to one another on the s

23、ame plane, if product size permits.Smaller diameter products may also use the opposite parallelsurface area of the bolt head end as sectioned above (see Fig.1). The use of Brinell hardness is limited to product sizesgreater than 48 mm nominal diameter.3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that fasteners

24、and studs betested full size, and it is customary, when so testing to specifya minimum ultimate load in kilonewtons (or stress in mega-pascals). Sections 3.2 through 3.5 apply when testing exter-nally threaded fasteners full size. Section 3.6 shall apply wherethe individual product specifications pe

25、rmit the use of ma-chined specimens (see Test Methods E8M).3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressingthe product with a specified load that the product mustwithstand without measurable permanent set. Alternatives thatdetermine the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-load test aret

26、he yield strength test and the uniform hardness test. Any ofthese tests may be used, but the proof-load test ( 3.2.3) shall bethe arbitration method in case of any dispute (see Test MethodsE8M).3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in thefixture of the tension testing machined so that

27、six completethreads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall bebased on four threads) are exposed between the grips. This isobtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the threadrunout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sixfull turns. For continuous threaded fasteners,

28、at least six fullthreads shall be exposed.3.2.3 Test Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure con-sistent and repetitive length measurements of the fastener, theFIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test LocationF606M 112threaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conicaldepressions made at the approximate

29、axis or center line of thefastener. In the event of a dispute over test results the test shallbe conducted after the removal of all manufacturer or grademarkings, surface oxide, decarburization, plating, other coatingor a combination thereof, to achieve a clean, flat surface andthe conical depressio

30、ns shall be created using a lathe or sometype of centering fixture. Care shall be taken to clean all debrisfrom the conical depressions before measuring the part. Whenfasteners are too long to test in the available equipment theymay be cut to 200 mm 6 3 mm and tested using Method 1. Ifthere is a dis

31、pute over results when testing the same part or lotof parts both full size and cut to 200 mm the 200 mm testresults shall determine acceptance. The measuring instrumentshall have pointed anvils that mate with the center linedepressions and be capable of measuring changes in length of0.0025 mm with a

32、n accuracy of 0.0025 mm in any 0.025 mmrange. Place the fastener between the measuring anvils. Thefastener shall be rotated at least 360 degrees to assure soundseating. A the position where the lowest value is indicated theinstrument shall be zeroed or the indicated measurement shallbe recorded. If

33、using a bolt extensometer, the bolt with attachedextensometer may be assembled into the tension testing ma-chine. If not, mark the fastener so it may be placed as close aspossible to the same position for the second reading. Removeand assemble the fastener into the tension testing machine asoutlined

34、 in 3.4. With a test speed which shall not exceed 3mm/min, as determined with a free-running cross head, axiallyload the fastener to the proof load value specified in the productspecification. This load shall be maintained for a period of 10s before releasing the load. Replace the fastener between t

35、hemeasuring anvils and rotate at least 360 degrees as before. thefastener shall be stopped at the position where the lowest valueis indicated. The measurement shall show no permanentelongation. A tolerance of 60.013 mm shall be allowed (formeasurement error only) between the measurement madebefore l

36、oading and that made after loading. Variables such asstraightness, thread alignment, or measurement error couldresult in apparent elongation of the product when the specifiedproof load is initially applied. In such cases, the product maybe retested using a 3 % greater load, and shall be consideredac

37、ceptable if there is no difference in the length measurementafter this loading within a 0.013-mm measurement tolerance asoutlined.3.2.3.1 Proof Load-Speed and Time of LoadingWhenusing Method 1, the speed of testing, as determined with afree-running cross head, shall not exceed 3 mm/min, and theproof

38、 load shall be maintained for a period of 10 s beforereleasing the load.3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product inthe testing equipment as outlined in 3.4.As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product or anypart of it that includes the exposed threads to pr

39、oduce aload-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at anoffset equal to 0.2 % of the length of fastener occupied by sixfull threads as shown in Fig. 2, (except for heavy hex structuralbolts, which shall be based on four threads) by the methoddescribed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield St

40、rength for Austenitic StainlessSteel and Nonferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in thetesting equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of the product in orderto produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load orstress at an offset equal to

41、0.2 % strain, based on the length ofthe bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will besubject to elongation under load, by using the method de-scribed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform HardnessThe fasteners shall betested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, thehardness sh

42、all also be determined in the core. The differencebetween the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not morethan three points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readingsmust be within product specification.FIG. 2 Tension Testing of Full-Size Fastener (Typical Set-Up)F606M 113NOTE 2This test is valid fo

43、r fasteners up to and including 25 mm indiameter.3.3 Fasteners and Studs Too Short for Tension TestingProduct lengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product 5through 20 mm in diameter and less than 3 diameters in lengthfor product greater than 20 mm in diameter, or that do not havesufficient t

44、hreads for proper engagement, and still leave thespecified number of complete threads exposed between thegrips, shall be deemed too short for tension testing, andacceptance shall be based on a hardness test performed inaccordance with 3.1. If tests other than product hardness arerequired, their requ

45、irements should be referenced in the prod-uct specification.3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full Size Products:3.4.1 Test fasteners in a holder with a load axially appliedbetween the head and a nut or suitable fixture (see Fig. 2),either of which shall have sufficient thread engagement todevelop the fu

46、ll strength of the product. Assemble the nut orfixture on the product, leaving six complete fastener threadsexposed between the grips (except for heavy hex structuralfastener, which shall have four threads exposed between grips).3.4.2 Test studs by assembling one end of the threadedfixture to the th

47、read runout. For studs having unlike threads,this shall be the end which has the finer pitch thread, or withthe larger minor diameter. Likewise, assemble the other end ofthe stud in the threaded fixture, leaving six complete threadsexposed between the grips. For continuous studs, at least sixcomplet

48、e threads shall be exposed between the fixture ends.The maximum speed of the free running cross head shall notexceed 25 mm/min. When reporting the tensile strength of theproduct, calculate the thread stress area as follows:As5 0.7854 D 2 0.9382P!2(1)where:As= thread stress area, mm2,D = nominal diam

49、eter of the fasteners or stud, mm, andP = thread pitch, mm.3.4.3 To meet the requirements of the test described in 3.4.1and 3.4.2, the product shall support a load prior to fracture notless than the minimum tensile strength specified in the productspecification for its size, property class, and thread series. Inaddition, fracture shall occur in the body or the threadedsection with no fracture at the juncture of the body and head.When tensile testing externally threaded fasteners made ofaustenitic stainless steel and the test fasteners thread pulls outof the intern