ASTM F625 F625M-1994(2011)e2 Standard Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems《泄洪控制系统水体分级的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation: F625/F625M 94 (Reapproved 2011)2Standard Practice forClassifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F625/F625M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, th

2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in October 2011.2NOTETypes in Table 1 were editorially corrected in Nov

3、ember 2011.1. Scope1.1 This practice creates a system of categories that classifywater bodies relating to the control of spills of oil and othersubstances that float on or into a body of water.1.2 This practice does not address the compatibility of spillcontrol equipment with spill products. It is t

4、he users respon-sibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatiblewith anticipated products.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be us

5、ed independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate

6、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 Recommended units of measure are given for each ofthe following definitions.2.1.2 air temperatureaverage or point temperature of theair measured at or near the grou

7、nd or water surface, (C).2.1.3 currentaverage water velocity relative to a referencepoint, (m/s).2.1.4 debrisany solid or semi-solid substance that couldinterfere with the operation of a spill control system.2.1.5 water depthmean vertical distance measured fromthe surface of the water to the top of

8、the continuous solidsurface below at mean lower low water, (m).2.1.6 water temperatureaverage or point temperature of awater body as measured within the top 300 mm 12 in., (C).2.1.7 wave height(significant wave height) the averageheight, measured crest to trough, of the one-third highestwaves, consi

9、dering only short-period waves (that is, period lessthan 10 s), (m).2.1.8 wave period(significant wave period) the averageperiod of the one-third highest waves, measured as the elapsedtime between crests of succeeding waves, (s).2.1.9 windthe air velocity measured at a height 10 metres33 ft above th

10、e ground or water, (m/s).3. Summary of Practice3.1 General environmental conditions for spill control sys-tems are grouped into four major types of water bodies (seeTable 1). Additional factors that may affect spill controloperations are listed in Section 5.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice i

11、s to be used as a guide to classify waterbodies for spill control systems. These classifications may beused in formulating standards for design, performance, evalu-ation, contingency and response planning, contingency andresponse plan evaluation, and standard practice for spill controlsystems.4.2 Re

12、latively few parameters of broad range have beenused in Table 1 in order to enable the user to readily identifygeneral conditions under which spill control systems can beused.4.3 Satisfactory operation of any specific spill control sys-tems may not extend over the full range of conditions identified

13、by Table 1. Detailed discussion with systems suppliers isrecommended.4.4 Effective operation of oil spill control equipment de-pends on many factors, of which the prevailing environmentalconditions are just a few. Factors such as, but not limited to,deployment techniques, level of training, personne

14、l perfor-mance, and mechanical reliability can also affect equipmentperformance.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Publi

15、shed October 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F625 94 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F0625_F0625M-94R11E02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Use of Table5.1 Wave height is recognized a

16、s the primary variable indescribing marine environments for spill control systems.Where currents are significant, the four water body types listedin Table 1 can be modified by appending “C”, as in “I-C”.5.2 In some situations, air temperature, water temperature,or presence of debris, or a combinatio

17、n thereof, may signifi-cantly affect the usage of Table 1 and should be considered.5.3 Other factors such as presence of salt water or silt, orboth, should be considered if significant.6. Keywords6.1 oil spill; oil spill control; water bodiesASTM International takes no position respecting the validi

18、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec

19、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte

20、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard

21、is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service

22、astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Water Body ClassificationsTypeAWave Height,BmftExamples of General ConditionsICalm Water 0 to 0.3 0 to 1 small, short,

23、 non-breaking wavesIIProtected Water 0 to 1 0 to 3 small waves, some whitecapsIIIOpen Water 0 to 2 0 to 6 moderate waves, frequent whitecapsIVOpen Water(rough)2 6 large waves, foam crests and some sprayEditorially corrected.AIf current is significant, approximately 0.4 m/s 0.8 knots or more, append “C”to the descriptor type, as“ I-C”.BSignificant wave height throughout. May include breaking waves. The ratio ofwave height to wave length should also be considered. The orientation of wavesto current direction should also be considered.F625/F625M 94 (2011)22