ASTM F625-1994(2006) Standard Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems《与描述水质用溢流控制系统相关的环境条件》.pdf

1、Designation: F 625 94 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forClassifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l

2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice creates a system of categories that classifywater bodies relating to the control of spills of oil and ot

3、hersubstances that float on or into a body of water.1.2 This practice does not address the compatibility of spillcontrol equipment with spill products. It is the users respon-sibility to ensure that any equipment selected is compatiblewith anticipated products.1.3 This standard does not purport to a

4、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 Recommended units

5、of measure are given for each ofthe following definitions.2.1.2 air temperatureaverage or point temperature of theair measured at or near the ground or water surface, (C).2.1.3 currentaverage water velocity relative to a referencepoint, (m/s).2.1.4 debrisany solid or semi-solid substance that couldi

6、nterfere with the operation of a spill control system.2.1.5 water depthmean vertical distance measured fromthe surface of the water to the top of the continuous solidsurface below at mean lower low water, (m).2.1.6 water temperatureaverage or point temperature of awater body as measured within the t

7、op 300 mm (12 in.), (C).2.1.7 wave height(significant wave height) the averageheight, measured crest to trough, of the one-third highestwaves, considering only short-period waves (that is, period lessthan 10 s), (m).2.1.8 wave period(significant wave period) the averageperiod of the one-third highes

8、t waves, measured as the elapsedtime between crests of succeeding waves, (s).2.1.9 windthe air velocity measured at a height 10 metres(33 ft) above the ground or water, (m/s).3. Summary of Practice3.1 General environmental conditions for spill control sys-tems are grouped into four major types of wa

9、ter bodies (seeTable 1). Additional factors that may affect spill controloperations are listed in Section 5.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is to be used as a guide to classify waterbodies for spill control systems. These classifications may beused in formulating standards for design, perfo

10、rmance, evalu-ation, contingency and response planning, contingency andresponse plan evaluation, and standard practice for spill controlsystems.4.2 Relatively few parameters of broad range have beenused in Table 1 in order to enable the user to readily identifygeneral conditions under which spill co

11、ntrol systems can beused.4.3 Satisfactory operation of any specific spill control sys-tems may not extend over the full range of conditions identifiedby Table 1. Detailed discussion with systems suppliers isrecommended.4.4 Effective operation of oil spill control equipment de-pends on many factors,

12、of which the prevailing environmentalconditions are just a few. Factors such as, but not limited to,deployment techniques, level of training, personnel perfor-mance, and mechanical reliability can also affect equipmentperformance.5. Use of Table5.1 Wave height is recognized as the primary variable i

13、ndescribing marine environments for spill control systems.Where currents are significant, the four water body types listedin Table 1 can be modified by appending “C”, as in “I-C”.5.2 In some situations, air temperature, water temperature,or presence of debris, or a combination thereof, may signifi-c

14、antly affect the usage of Table 1 and should be considered.5.3 Other factors such as presence of salt water or silt, orboth, should be considered if significant.6. Keywords6.1 oil spill; oil spill control; water bodies1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstan

15、ces and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.11 on Control.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 625 94 (2000).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo

16、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent

17、 rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either

18、 for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hea

19、ring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard

20、 may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Water Body ClassificationsTypeAWave Height,Bm (ft)Examples of GeneralConditionsCalm Water 0 to 0.3 (0 to 1) small, sh

21、ort, non-breakingwavesProtected Water 0 to 1 (0 to 3) small waves, somewhitecapsOpen Water 0 to 2 (0 to 6) moderate waves, frequentwhitecapsOpen Water(rough)2 (6) large waves, foam crestsand some sprayAIf current is significant, approximately 0.4 m/s (0.8 knots) or more, append “C”to the descriptor type, as“ I-C”.BSignificant wave height throughout. May include breaking waves. The ratio ofwave height to wave length should also be considered. The orientation of wavesto current direction should also be considered.F 625 94 (2006)2