1、Designation: F711 02 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Specification forFiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Rod and Tube Used inLive Line Tools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F711; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers insulating rods and foam-filledtubes made from fiberglass-reinforced plas
3、tic (FRP) that areintended for use in live line tools.1.2 This specification does not include insulating foam-filled tubes and rods from other materials. Specifications forfittings and attachments to rods and foam-filled tubes forcomplete tools are not covered in this specification.1.3 This specific
4、ation establishes the technical characteris-tics that the tubes and rods must satisfy.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification.Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use
5、. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of So
6、lid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlastics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptance testa type of test made at the option oft
7、he purchaser.3.1.2 design testa type of test made on a sample treated asrepresentative of an industrial product. These tests will notgenerally be repeated in quantity production.3.1.3 insulating tubes and rodsfiberglass-reinforced plas-tic (FRP) products manufactured using processes so that thetubes
8、 and rods produced will meet the electrical and mechani-cal tests prescribed in this specification.3.1.4 interior foam-filled tubehomogeneous unicellularthermosetting foam filling with closed cells blown with non-combustible gases. The foam filling shall be bonded to theinterior tube wall. The foam
9、filling should be free of voids,separations, holes, cracks, etc.3.1.5 routine testa type of test made regularly on produc-tion material.3.1.6 visual inspectiona visual check made to detectconstructional defects.4. Ordering Information4.1 Outside Diameter SizesFoam-filled FRP tube andsolid FRP rod sh
10、all meet the outside diameter dimensionsshown in Table 1. The tolerances shown will assist in ensuringinterchangeability with interfacing equipment.4.2 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1
11、 Except for those test methods leading to destruction,neither the FRP tube, foam, or the bond between them shalldeteriorate during the prescribed mechanical and electricaltests of this specification.6. Physical Requirements6.1 The materials shall conform to the diameters prescribedin Table 1 for tub
12、e and rod.6.2 The standard sizes listed by nominal diameter arerecommended and do not preclude the manufacture of othersizes or shapes.7. Weight7.1 It has not been found necessary to specify the weight ofthe product produced under this specification in order for it tocomply with performance requirem
13、ents.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.35 on Tools the high-potential end of the sample shall be the same forboth tests.12.2.4.3 Test ResultsThe currents (I1) measured
14、shall beless than the values in Table 2. The difference between I1 andI2 shall be less than 20 A.12.2.5 Electrical Withstand Routine TestsEither Method 1or Method 2 shall be used to perform the routine electricalwithstand test for both FRP rods and FRP foam-filled tubes.12.2.5.1 Electrical Withstand
15、 Acceptance Test (Method 1)Without Dielectric Current MonitoringThe typical test setupis shown in Fig. 10. Horizontally mount the test specimen atleast 3 ft (0.9 m) above the floor on an insulating support. Theelectrodes shall be spaced 12 in. apart.FIG. 6 Electrode Cap DetailFIG. 7 Brass Electrode
16、DetailFIG. 8 Nylon Electrode Support DetailFIG. 9 Brass Screw DetailF711 02 (2013)5(a) During the electrical withstand acceptance test, thetubes or rods shall be subjected to an alternating voltage of 100kV rms at power frequency in accordance with Test MethodD149 at a maximum voltage rise of 3000 V
17、/s. The test voltageshall be applied between electrodes for 5 min.(b) During the course of the testing, there shall be no signof flashover, puncture, tracking, or erosion on the surface ofany sample. There shall be no perceptible temperature rise ofany sample.12.2.5.2 Electrical Withstand Test (Meth
18、od 2) With Dielec-tric Current MonitoringThe typical test set-up is shown inFigs. 11 and 12.The necessary equipment should be adequatelyshielded to provide accurate readings. The test fixture shouldbe enclosed for worker protection and equipped with anexhaust fan to provide a stable atmosphere. A mo
19、tor driveshould be utilized to ensure a uniform rate of feed. The feedrate should be proportional to the response time of the meteringcircuit; that is, it shall be run slowly enough that maximumreadings are obtained. At no time should this rate of feedexceed 40 ft/min.(a) With 6-in. electrode spacin
20、g, the applied voltage willbe 50 kV. The equipment shall be designed such that aflashover, excessive dielectric current will disable the motordrive so that intentional action on the part of the operator isrequired to reset the equipment.(b) Acceptable rise above ambient of less than I1 as listedin T
21、able 2. During the course of the testing, there shall be nosign of flashover, puncture, tracking, or erosion on the surfaceof any sample.12.3 Mechanical Testing of FRP Tube:12.3.1 Bending Deflection Test (design)A tube 8 ft 5 in.(2.6 m) or longer shall be placed in a testing device such thatthe over
22、hang arm is 60 in. (1.5 m) in length, and the distancebetween supports is as shown in Fig. 13.12.3.1.1 The support shall be of the pole clamp-type (ap-proximately 4-in. (100-mm) long) with the back clamp tight-ened to hold specimen in place while the front clamp remainsloose and serves only as a ful
23、crum. Both clamps shall be freeTABLE 2 Flexure Forces and Leakage CurrentATYPEOutside Diameter Flexure ForcesLeakageCurrent, I1in. (mm) lbf (N) ATube 1 (25.4) 220 (978.6) 5114 (31.8) 270 (1201.0) 6112 (38.1) 370 (1645.8) 8134 (44.5) 550 (2446.5) 92 (50.8) 670 (2980.3) 10212 (63.5) 1680 (7473.0) 123
24、(76.2) 3030 (13 478.1) 14Rod38 (9.5) 50 (222.4) 612 (12.7) 150 (667.2) 658 (15.9) 375 (1668.0) 634 (19.1) 800 (3058.6) 6AValues listed for maximum I1 are based on pole constructed of a relatively thinwall and filled internally with foam. Some special applications require a thicker wall,denser foam,
25、or different materials, which could change the dielectric constant ofthe test setup and consequently I1. Tubes such as these will still meet therequirements of this specification if the dry leakage is less than twice the listedmaximum value of I1 in the table.FIG. 10 Typical Test Arrangement for Ele
26、ctrical Withstand Accep-tance TestFIG. 11 Typical Test Set-UpFIG. 12 Typical Test Set-UpF711 02 (2013)6to pivot as load (in Table 3) is applied 60 in. (1.5 m) fromcenter of front clamping device (see Fig. 13).12.3.1.2 The deflection of each tube tested shall not exceedthe value specified in Table 3.
27、12.3.2 Horizontal Crush Test (design)The test specimensshall be 3 nominal diameters in length. Each specimen shall betested separately. Each specimen shall be placed betweensmooth, flat, parallel, and rigid plates for the test (see Fig. 14).The length of the plates shall be at least equal to the spe
28、cimenlength plus34 in. (19 mm).12.3.2.1 Reduce the distance between the two plates until aforce, not greater than 20 lb, registers on the load instrumen-tation. Zero all instrumentation.12.3.2.2 The distance between the two plates is then con-tinuously decreased at a constant rate between 0.08 to 0.
29、2 in. (2to 5 mm)/min. Once selected this constant rate shall not bechanged for that test.NOTE 1It is recognized that horizontal crush tests performed at ahigher constant displacement rate are more severe.12.3.2.3 Record the constant displacement rate selected.Record the maximum force applied to the
30、test specimen duringthe first 0.25-in. (6-mm) displacement. All tubes shall becapable of exhibiting a crush strength equal to or in excess ofminimum values listed in Table 4.12.3.3 Tension Test (design)The FRP tube shall exhibitaxial tension strength equal to or in excess of the minimumvalues listed
31、 in Table 5. Cut the test specimens from the wallof a tube and accurately measure to permit cross section areacalculations within 5 % of true value and in accordance withTest Method D638 (see example in Fig. 1). The tensile strengthof a tube is the product of the specimen ultimate load and theratio
32、of the area of the entire tube wall cross section to that ofthe test specimen. At the manufacturers option, the completetube may be loaded to the tensile minimum of Table 5. Whenthis option is chosen, the specimen length and holding meansare optional with the manufacturer.12.3.4 Shear Test (design)F
33、RPtube shall have a minimumaverage shear strength, parallel to the axis of the tube, asindicated in Table 6. Place the specimens between flat andparallel blocks for testing. Test two specimens from the sametube, with the shear planes radially separated by approximately90. Apply the testing force at
34、a crosshead speed of 0.2 in. (5mm)/per min. Record the maximum load at the point thesample shears (see example in Fig. 2).12.4 Mechanical Test of Solid Rod (design)The tensilestrength of the rod in the direction of the fibers, when tested inaccordance with Test Method D638, shall be 80 000 psi (550M
35、Pa) minimum. Compressive strength of the rod in thedirection of the fibers, when tested in accordance with TestMethod D695, shall be 30 000 psi (205 MPa) minimum. Therod tensile modulus of elasticity when tested in accordancewith Test Method D638 shall be 1.5 106minimum.12.5 Mechanical Aging Test (d
36、esign)Submit specimens oftubes and rods to cycles of simple flexure as described below.Each test is to be made on three specimens at environmentaltemperature of 60F (16C) minimum.FIG. 13 Bending Deflection TestTABLE 3 DeflectionOutside Diameterof TubeApplied Force Max Deflectionin. (mm) lbf (N) in.
37、(mm)1 (25.4) 20 (89.0) 20 (508.0)114 (31.8) 50 (222.4) 20 (508.0)112 (38.1) 50 (222.4) 10 (254.0)134 (44.5) 50 (222.4) 5.5 (139.7)2 (50.8) 50 (222.4) 3.5 (88.9)212 (63.5) 50 (222.4) 1.75 (44.5)3 (76.2) 150 (667.2) 2 (50.8)FIG. 14 Crush TestTABLE 4 Crush MinimumsDiameter Min Crush Strengthin. (mm) lb
38、f (N)1 (25) 650 (2891)114 (32) 750 (3336)112 (39) 800 (3559)134 (44) 850 (3781)2 (51) 890 (3959)212 (64) 1210 (5382)3 (76) 1500 (6672)TABLE 5 Tensile Minimums for FRP TubesDiameter Min Tensile Strengthin. (mm) lbf (N)1 (25.4) 14 000 (62 275.1)114 (31.8) 18 000 (80 068.0)112 (38.1) 29 000 (12 8998.4)
39、134 (44.5) 42 000 (18 6825.3)2 (50.8) 43 000 (19 1273.5)212 (63.5) 64 000 (28 4686.2)3 (76.2) 99 000 (44 0374.0)TABLE 6 Average Shear Minimums for FRP TubesDiameter Min Average Shear Strengthin. (mm) lbf (N)1 (25.4) 590 (2624.5)114 (31.8) 590 (2624.5)112 (38.1) 815 (3625.3)134 (44.5) 1000 (4448.2)2
40、(50.8) 890 (3958.9)212 (63.5) 1050 (4670.6)3 (76.2) 1350 (6005.1)F711 02 (2013)712.5.1 FlexurePlace a tube 8-ft (2.4-m) long or a rod 4-ft(1.2-m) long between two supports consisting of pulleys (seeFig. 15), the support points being separated as follows:20 in. for solid rod 0.5 m for solid rod60 in.
41、 for 1 in., 114 in. tube 1.5 m for 32 mm tube80 in. for 112 in. tube and larger 2.0 m for 39 mm tube and larger12.5.1.1 At the center of the span, apply a vertical force toa fiber strap 2-in. (50-mm) wide, placed on the tube. The testconsists of submitting each specimen to 1000 cycles of flexurein e
42、ach quadrant by applying the force specified in Table 2.12.5.1.2 The flexure frequency during the test shall bebetween 1 and 5 cpm. After completion of the test, the tubesand rods shall reveal no visible signs of deterioration, bearingsurfaces excluded.12.5.2 Wicking Test (design)Take three samples,
43、 each1-in. (25-mm) long from midspan of mechanically aged tubes,and immerse them in Superior Viking Quick Drying Ink orequal with 50/50 ink/water solution to a minimum depth of12in. (12 mm).After 24 h in the ink solution, no wicking shall beobserved at the free end of the 1-in. (25-mm) sample.12.6 D
44、imensional Check (Routine)Measure the diametersto verify conformity with the requirements of Table 1.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writin
45、g. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may request another test in the presence of hisrepresentative, and such a request should be granted.14. Certification14.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the m
46、aterial was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification, togetherwith a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the timeof shipment.15. Packaging, Marking, Shipping, and Preservation15.1 Finished tubes and rods shall carry the followinginformation affixed to the item in
47、a manner that does not affectthe performance:15.1.1 Name of manufacturer,15.1.2 Month and year of manufacture, and15.1.3 That the product meets the requirements and bearsthe designated number of this specification.SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirement shall apply only whe
48、n specified in the purchaser order.S1. AcceptanceS1.1 At the option of the purchaser, all or any part of anorder of tubes or rods may be subjected to the followingchecks:S1.1.1 Visual check for general appearance, surfaceblemishes, air bubbles, or foreign bodies,S1.1.2 Dimensional checks,S1.1.3 Elec
49、trical TestsTubes or rods selected shall with-stand 100 kV at 60 Hz/12 in. (300 mm) for 5 min with amaximum rise of 3000 V/s or 50 kV at 60 Hz over a minimumlength of 6 in. (150 mm), andS1.1.4 Mechanical TestsTubes selected for mechanicaltests shall be subjected to the bending deflection test and theloading forces as prescribed in 12.3.1. Deflection shall notexceed values specified in Table 3.FIG. 15 Mechanical TestsF711 02 (2013)8ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in
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