ASTM F726-2017 Standard Test Method for Sorbent Performance of Adsorbents for use on Crude Oil and Related Spills《原油和相关泄漏用吸附剂的吸着性能的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: F726 12F726 17Standard Test Method forSorbent Performance of Adsorbents for use on Crude Oiland Related Spills1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F726; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers l

3、aboratory tests that describe the performance of adsorbents in removing crude oils, nonemulsifiedoils and other floating, immiscible liquids from the surface of water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3

4、 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prio

5、r to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.3.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations

6、 issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering MaterialsF716 Test Methods for Sorbent Performance of Absorbents2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. St

7、d. No. 141a Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials, Methods of Inspection, Sampling and Testing32.3 Military Specification:MIL-I-631D Insulation, Electric, Synthetic Resin Composition, Nonrigid33. Terminology3.1 General Terminology:3.1.1 gellanta material such as a colloidal network or other

8、aggregate network that pervades and holds a liquid in a highlyviscous fragile structure. Many gels may rapidly liquify with added heat or ionic/polar addition. These materials aresoluble/flowable in excess liquid.3.1.2 sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materials used to recover liquids thro

9、ugh the mechanisms of absorption oradsorption, or both.3.1.3 thickenera material (usually of higher molecular weight) that is soluble in excess liquid. These materials go from dryto gummy (viscoelastic) to flowable and then soluble. The final viscosity depends only on the liquid to solid ratio.3.1.4

10、 universal sorbentan insoluble material or mixture of materials that will sorb both hydrophobic and hydrophilic liquidspills.3.2 Definitions:1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit

11、teeF20.22 on Mitigation Actions.Current edition approved April 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2017. Published April 2012December 2017. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 asF726 06.F726 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0726-12.10.1520/F0726-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM websi

12、te, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 7

13、00 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094,Attn: NPODS.http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to ade

14、quately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho

15、cken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 absorbenta material that picks up and retains a liquid distributed throughout its molecular structure causing the solidto swell (50 % or more). The absorbent is at least 70 % insoluble in excess fluid.3.2.2 adsorbentan insoluble material that is coated by a l

16、iquid on its surface including pores and capillaries without the solidswelling more than 50 % in excess liquid.3.2.3 adsorbent cubage factor “C”this is the ratio of sorbent volume used to the liquid volume sorbed.3.2.4 cubagedefines cubic content, volume, or displacement.3.3 Definitions of Terms Spe

17、cific to This Standard:3.3.1 This test method does not apply to belt, rope, or weir type skimming devices.3.3.2 oila substantially water immiscible organic liquid that will float on water (density less than 1 g/cm3), typically withsurface tension less than 40 103 N/m.3.3.3 Type I adsorbent (roll, fi

18、lm, sheet, pad, blanket, web)a material with length and width much greater than thickness andwhich has both linear form and strength sufficient to be handled either saturated or unsaturated.3.3.4 Type II adsorbent (loose)an unconsolidated, particulate material without sufficient form and strength to

19、 be handledexcept with scoops and similar equipment.3.3.5 Type III adsorbent (enclosed):3.3.5.1 IIIa, pillowsadsorbent material contained by an outer fabric or netting that has permeability to oil, but with openingssufficiently small so as to substantially retain the sorbent material within the fabr

20、ic or netting.3.3.5.2 IIIb, adsorbent boomsadsorbent material contained by an outer fabric or netting that is permeable to oil but withopenings sufficiently small so as to substantially retain the sorbent material within the fabric or netting. The lengthwise dimensionsubstantially exceeds other dime

21、nsions and with strength members running parallel with length. Booms are also provided withconnections for coupling adsorbent booms together.3.3.6 Type IV-agglomeration unitan assemblage of strands, open netting, or other physical forms giving an open structure thatminimally impedes the intrusion in

22、to itself of high viscosity oils. Normally for use with viscous oils, typically above 10 000 cPviscosity. Said oils are then held in this structure permitting the composite oil/structure to be handled (pompoms).3.3.7 reusethe art of extracting adsorbed liquids from an adsorbent through rolls or othe

23、r compression techniques permittingthe adsorbent to be used once again; limitations on reuse may include the U.S. Clean Water Act or other legal restrictions.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The adsorbent material is tested using established standard tests for factors relating to storage, while speciall

24、y developedtests are used for covering other performance factors. Oil and water adsorption strength, buoyancy, and reusability tests areincluded among these latter tests.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is to be used as a basis for comparison of adsorbents in a consistent manner.5.2 These

25、 tests are not appropriate for absorbent materials that are covered in Methods F716.NOTE 1Ensure that material compatibilities exist between the sorbent and the hazardous substance which may be sorbed.6. Apparatus6.1 Exterior Exposure Tester, sufficient to be used under Federal Test Standard 141a, M

26、ethod 6152, or actual exposure asdetailed in 8.2.6.2 Test CellsThe dimensions of the test cells shall be large enough to enable the adsorbent sample to float freely within thetest cell. For Type I and Type II sorbents, the recommended test cell is a borosilicate 19 cm (diameter) by 10 cm (depth)crys

27、tallizing dish with a watch glass or glass plate cover. For larger samples, a 53 by 56 cm plastic sink (laundry tub or equivalent)to accommodate the sample is recommended.6.3 Mesh BasketsThe basket shall be of a sufficient size and strength to accommodate the sample size and weight (150 cm3,4 to 10

28、g minimum) when saturated. The basket must not be so tall as to interfere with a protective lid for the test cell.NOTE 2The mesh should retain the sorbent, yet allow free oil to drain away from the sorbent.6.4 Shaker Table, capable of a frequency of 150 cycles/min and an amplitude of 2.5 cm.6.5 Top

29、Loading Balancefor Type I and II adsorbent, fitted with a hook or other handing mechanism, 400+ g maximumcapacity with 0.1 g resolution, or equivalent.6.6 Continuous Reading Hanging Scale, for Type III and IV adsorbent, fitted with a hook or other handing mechanism, 50+ kgmaximum capacity with 100 g

30、 resolution, or equivalent.F726 1727. Conditioning7.1 Condition all adsorbent test specimens at 23 6 4C and 70 6 20 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h prior to testing.Condition specimens in a fully exposed state with no coverings or wrapping that would hinder the ambient equilibration proce

31、ss.7.2 If temperature conditions other than normal room temperature are expected to be important, then conditioning and testingshould be carried out at temperatures of interest in addition to those specified in 7.1.8. Tests for Storage Properties8.1 Storage DensityThe density of the sorbent sample i

32、s calculated by determining the weight of a known volume (standardsorbent package as delivered to the consumer) of the sorbent. If standard storage packages are not available, then the mass of atleast 1 L of sorbent is determined to calculate the storage density.8.2 MildewThe susceptibility of an ad

33、sorbent to mildew under normal storage is defined under MIL-1-631D, Section 3.5.7.The objective of this test is to determine expected shelf life under conditions which could lead to mildew.8.3 FlammabilityThe procedure for this test is described in Test Method D2859, the Methenamine Pill Test. This

34、test relatesto ignition from a spark, cigarette, or other point source such as might be encountered in normal shipping and storage. It shouldnot be inferred that an adsorbent that passes this test will fail to burn if ignited in another manner such as full building involvement,bonfire, and so forth,

35、 and it should likewise be understood that the test is limited to and pertains to only unsaturated adsorbentsamples as normally supplied by the manufacturer.8.3.1 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame

36、 under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or firerisk of materials, products, assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a firerisk assessment which takes into account all of the facto

37、rs which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particularend use.8.3.2 Test Type I adsorbents as a single sheet or pad as supplied by the vendor.8.3.3 Uniformly arrange Type II adsorbents in a layer of sufficient size to fit the test apparatus. The thickness should be 1.5 mmuncompre

38、ssed and arranged such that the bulk density is equal to that found in the packaged product as supplied by themanufacturer.8.3.4 Any type adsorbent can be tested in the package in which it is supplied by placing the standard Methenamine test maskon a flat portion of the package surface, and placing

39、the pill in the center of the mask on the package and igniting it. Results wouldbe interpreted as in the normal test.9. Tests for Performance Properties9.1 These tests involve the use of oils with a range of viscosities and densities as indicated below.Oil Type Viscosity Range Density Range ExampleL

40、ight 1 to 10 cP 0.820 to 0.870 g/cm3 Diesel fuel,mineral oilMedium 200 to 400 cP 0.860 to 0.970 g/cm3 Crude oil, canola oil,mineral oilHeavy 1500 to 2500 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3 Bunker C or residualfuel, mineral oilWeathered 8000 to 10 000 cP 0.930 to 1.000 g/cm3 Emulsified crude oil,mineral oil9.2

41、Dynamic Degradation TestThis procedure is designed to test for water take-up and to determine oleophilic properties ofan adsorbent sample under dynamic conditions. This test is performed at 23 6 4C.9.2.1 Type I AdsorbentSample pieces of the adsorbent (four pieces cut with a sharp edge (to minimize c

42、ompaction) intosquares of approximately 6 by 6 cm) are first weighed then placed in a 4 Ljar that is half-filled with water and sealed.The containeris then placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or similar device, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and anamplitude of 2.5 cm for a

43、 duration of 15 min. The contents of the jar are allowed to settle for a period of 2 min. Observationspertaining to the condition of the adsorbent and the condition of the water are recorded. Any adsorbent pieces that do not remainfloating at the surface of the water are considered to have failed th

44、is test. The contents of the jar are strained through a mesh basketto catch the adsorbent samples, which are then weighed after a 30 s drain period. The water pick-up ratio is calculated from theweight measurements (see 9.5).9.2.1.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mL of oil (medium cru

45、de, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added. The adsorbentsample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed. The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or similar device,set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 2.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents of t

46、he jar are allowedto settle for a period of 2 min, at which time observations are noted. Observations include but are not limited to: quantity ofadsorbent submerged, physical appearance of adsorbent and water, and the persistence and color of residual test liquid sheen.9.2.2 Type II AdsorbentAn adso

47、rbent sample (approximately 4 to 10 g or a maximum of 150 cm3) is first weighed then placedin a 4Ljar that is half-filled with water and sealed. The container is then placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or similardevice, set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 2

48、.5 cm for a duration of 15 min. The contents of the jarF726 173are allowed to settle for a period of 2 min. Observations pertaining to the condition of the adsorbent and the condition of the waterare recorded. If 10 % or more of the adsorbent material has sunk, then the adsorbent is considered to ha

49、ve failed this test. Thecontents of the jar are strained through a mesh basket to catch the adsorbent samples, which are then weighed after a 30 s drainperiod. The water pick-up ratio is calculated from the weight measurements (see 9.5).9.2.2.1 The jar is half-filled with fresh water and 3 mL of oil (medium crude, 300 cP oil, or equivalent) is added. The adsorbentsample is returned to the jar, which is then sealed. The jar is placed on its side and mounted on a shaker table, or similar device,set at a frequency of 150 cycles per minute and an am