1、Designation: F 735 06Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Transparent Plastics and CoatingsUsing the Oscillating Sand Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the resistance of transpar-ent plastics and transparent coatings u
3、tilized in windows orviewing ports, to surface abrasion using oscillating sand.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and dete
4、rmine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastic
5、sE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The test method consists of measuring and recording thehaze and light transmission of a test specimen, mounting thespecimen so that it forms part of the bottom tray (sand cradle),covering the specimen with a
6、brading media, and subjecting thecradle to a specific number of oscillations. After exposure tothe abrasion, the haze and light transmission are remeasured todetermine any change in these values.3.2 At the stroke velocity specified in this practice, theentire mass of sand shifts significantly within
7、 the sand cradlebecause of its inertia; therefore the relative motion betweensand and specimen at the interface is large.3.3 The thickness or height of the sand resting on top of thetest specimen remains relatively constant during the motion ofthe cradle. Therefore, the average pressure of the sand
8、alsoremains constant, giving highly reproducible results over theentire surface of the test specimen.3.4 The degree of abrasion is measured by the amount ofchange in luminous transmission and haze after exposure to thetest.4. Significance and Use4.1 Plastic materials, when used as transparencies, co
9、vers,or enclosures, are subject to wiping, cleaning, or other types ofrubbing actions that cause abrasion. It is the intent of this testmethod to provide a means of estimating the resistance of suchmaterials to this type and degree of abrasion.5. Apparatus5.1 AbraderThe abrader consists of a specime
10、n holder,sand cradle, drive mechanism, variable power supply andcounter. One such example is shown in Fig. 1.5.1.1 The specimen holder shall have a cutout approxi-mately 100 by 100 mm (4 by 4 in.) to receive the specimen.The specimen shall be mounted flush to within 1 mm (0.04 in.)high with the spec
11、imen holder.5.1.2 The specimen holder forms the bottom of the sandcradle.5.1.3 Sufficient abradent will be used to fill the sand cradle13-mm (0.50 in.) above the sample surface5.1.4 A drive mechanism shall provide 300 strokes perminute of reciprocating motion of approximately 100-mm(4-in.) travel. M
12、otion in one direction is defined as one stroke.One forward stroke and one reverse stroke is defined as oneoscillation.5.1.5 Avariable power supply shall be utilized to control theabrader motor to operate at 300 strokes per minute.5.1.6 A counter shall record the number of strokes during atest.1This
13、 test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 onAerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.08 inTransparent Enclosures and Materials.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published December 2006. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition appro
14、ved in 2001 as F 735 94(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,
15、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 PhotometerAn integrating sphere photoelectric pho-tometer, described in Test Method D 1003, shall be used tomeasure the light scattered by the abraded surface.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Abrading MediumQuartz Sa
16、nd3The sand shall bequartz silica, graded 4/10, and shall meet the followingrequirements:6.1.1 PropertiesSee Table 1.6.1.2 Test Methods:NOTE 1These tests need be applied only when qualifying a newsupply of sand.6.1.2.1 Perform sieve analysis in accordance with TestMethod C 136.6.1.2.2 Plot the cumul
17、ative percent retained, on logarithmicprobability paper.6.1.2.3 Read from the plot the sizes in millimetres at 40, 50,and 90 % retained.6.1.2.4 Calculate the uniformity coefficient as the ratio(millimetres at 40 %/millimetres at 90 %).6.1.2.5 Count out 100 grains, taking care to be nonselective,and
18、weigh to 6 10 mg.3The sole source of supply of the sand known to the committee at this time isOglebay Norton Industrial Sands, Brady, TX 76825. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideratio
19、n at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Oscillating Sand AbraderTABLE 1 PropertiesE 11 Sieve DesignationMean % onSieveStandard De-viation, %Cululative %Retained, MeanU.S. No mm4 4.75 0 06 3.35 7.6 7.67 2.8 22.3 29.98 2.36 45.1 75.010 2.00 21.9 96.912 1.70 2.
20、6 99.5Pan . 0.5 100.0ARoundness 0.6+; Sphericity 0.6+; Hardness 7.0; S.G. 2.65, Loss on Ignition0.1; MP 2800/3100; Color Tan/White; pH 6.9-7.0.Typical Chemical Content (%); SiO299.48; Fe2O30.06; Al2O30.21; MgO 0.01;CaO 0.01; and TiO2 0.01.F7350626.1.2.6 Calculate the shape factor asweight of 100 par
21、ticles!265 millimetres at 50 % retained!3(1)NOTE 2There are many conflicting definitions of shape factor.4Thedefinition given in 6.1.2.6 is arbitrary and not comparable with any others,except that for a single quartz sphere it has the usual value of 0.524 (p/6).7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimens sha
22、ll be clean, transparent plates,100-mm (4-in.) square, having both sides substantially planeand parallel. Three specimens shall be tested. Any specimenthickness can be utilized when positioned in the specimenholder to conform to the mounting tolerances.8. Conditioning8.1 Where conditioning of the te
23、st specimen is required,utilize Procedure A of Practice D 618.8.2 Tests shall be conducted in the Standard LaboratoryAtmosphere of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity,unless otherwise specified.9. Procedure9.1 Calibrate motor speed to 300 strokes per minute with thespecimen in the specimen holder
24、 plate and the desired quantityof sand in the cradle. Sand used for calibration shall bediscarded.9.2 Prior to testing, measure the specimens transmission andhaze in accordance with 9.7.9.3 Mount a specimen in the holding plate using a protectivemeans (such as masking) to prevent abrasion or scratch
25、ing ofthe specimens bottom surface.9.4 Cover specimen with sand to a uniform depth of 13 mm(0.50 in.).9.4.1 A given batch of sand may be used for a maximum of600 strokes. New sand shall be used for each specimen tested.9.5 Subject the specimen to 100, 200, 300, and 600 strokes.9.6 After each increme
26、nt (as listed in 9.5) of strokes,remove the specimen from the holder. Handle specimen byedges only. Wash with distilled water for a minimum of 10 s byholding under a stream or by swirling under water in acontainer. Dry by blowing lightly with filtered air or nitrogen.Measure the transmission and haz
27、e in accordance with 9.7.9.7 Using a photoelectric, integrating sphere photometerand Test Method D 1003, measure the percentage of transmit-ted light and percent of haze.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Type of material being tested,10.1.2 The percentage of the transmitte
28、d light and percenthaze for each specimen tested, both before and after exposureto abrasion of 100, 200, 300, and 600 strokes, and10.1.3 Test results shall be reported as the average of thethree specimens tested.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionNo justifiable statement can be made onthe precision
29、 of the procedure in Test Method F 735 formeasuring abrasion, because no standard material has beendesignated.11.2 BiasNo justifiable statement can be made on the biasof the procedure in Test Method F 735 for measuring abrasion,because no standard material has been designated.12. Keywords12.1 abrade
30、r; abrasion; haze; oscillation; plastic; transmis-sion; transparent; strokesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validit
31、y of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comment
32、s are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not
33、 received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copi
34、es) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Orr, C., and Dallavalle, J. M., Fine Particle Measurement , The Macmillan Co.,New York, NY 1959, pp 3536.F735063
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