ASTM F747-2015 Standard Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and Devices《有关游乐设施和装置的标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: F747 15Standard Terminology Relating toAmusement Rides and Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F747; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parenthe

2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a repository of terms approved byCommittee F24 and its subcommittees. Reproducing termsapproved within all other individual F24 standar

3、ds and guides,this terminology will provide a single location where termsrelated to amusement rides and devices are freely accessible tothe public, committee members and can be maintained, up-dated and utilized as effective communication tools. Althoughpublished alphabetically, terms unique to a spe

4、cific F24 stan-dard or guide are indicated as such by the reference whichfollows the applicable term.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2137 Practice for Measuring the Dynamic Characteristicsof Amusement Rides and DevicesF2374 Practice for Design, Manufacture, Operation, andMaintenance of I

5、nflatable Amusement DevicesF2376 Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture,Construction, and Operation of Water Slide SystemsF2970 Practice for Design, Manufacture, Installation,Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modifica-tion of Trampoline Courts3. Terminologyacceleration, impactth

6、ose accelerations with duration ofless than 200 ms.acceleration, sustainedthose accelerations with durationgreater than or equal to 200 ms.accepted engineering practicethat which conforms to ac-cepted principles, tests, or standards of nationally recognizedtechnical or scientific authorities.aerial

7、trekking courseself-guided aerial adventure coursecontaining elements intended to be obstacles.air-supported structurean amusement device that incorpo-rates a structural and mechanical system and employs ahigh-strength fabric or film that achieves its strength, shape,and stability by pretensioning w

8、ith internal air pressure, allof which are intended to provide an enclosed area for the selfenjoyment of those so confined within.aliasinga phenomenon associated with sampled datasystems, wherein a signal containing significant energy atfrequencies greater than one half of the system samplefrequency

9、 manifests itself in the sampled data as a lowerfrequency (aliased) signal. Aliasing can be avoided only bylimiting the frequency content of the signal prior to thesampling process. Once a signal has been aliased, it is notpossible to reconstruct the original signal from the sampleddata.amusement ra

10、ilway ridean amusement ride that may havemultiple vehicles (for example, locomotive(s), coach(es),etc.) linked together, at least one of which has on boardmechanical propulsion that has an on board operator(s),utilizing flanged wheels on railroad type rails with a gauge of12 in. or greater, that is

11、insular to national regulations, whichis designated by the Designer/Engineer as an amusementrailway ride.amusement ride or amusement devicea device or combi-nation of devices or elements that carry, convey, or direct aperson(s) over or through a fixed or restricted course orwithin a defined area, fo

12、r the primary purpose of amusementor entertainment.assembly areaa designated area primarily used for mount-ing or dismounting the trampoline court.automatic modeability, after initialization, of the amuse-ment ride or device to start, operate, move, etc. with limitedor no operator intervention.calib

13、ration constantthe arithmetic mean of the sensitivitycoefficients, evaluated at frequencies that are evenly spacedon a logarithmic scale between FL and FH.calibration valuethe ratio of the reference calibration sys-tem output, in engineering units relevant to the transducer, to1This terminology is u

14、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 onAmusement Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF24.20 on Specifications and Terminology.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F74

15、7 06 (2014).DOI: 10.1520/F0747-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internationa

16、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1the data channel output, in volts, as measured at constantexcitation frequency and amplitude.canopy touraerial adventure course which provides patronaccess to the canopy of a forest.carnivala mobile enterprise pri

17、ncipally devoted to offeringamusement or entertainment to the public in, upon, or bymeans of portable amusement rides or devices or temporarystructures in any number or combination, whether or notassociated with other structures or forms of public attraction.challenge courseguided aerial adventure c

18、ourse containingelements intended to be obstacles.channel frequency class (CFC)a frequency response enve-lope that conforms to Fig. 1 and is referred to by the valueFH in hertz. The CFC frequency response envelope isdefined by the boundaries shown in Fig. 1 and the followingcharacteristic frequencie

19、s:FLPass band lower limit (hertz). Always equal to zero(0.0) hertz.FHPass band upper limit (hertz). The CFC designator.FNThe corner or knee of the frequency response enve-lope. Always equal to or greater than 1.667 FH.FSThe minimum sample frequency for a sampled datasystem that corresponds to the de

20、signated CFC. Always equalto or greater than 12 FH.DISCUSSIONFL, FH, FN, and FS are always specified in hertz.While the characteristics of the CFC may be applied to individualcomponents of a data channel, the CFC is, by definition, the frequencyresponse envelope of the entire data channel from the m

21、ountedtransducer to the final representation of the acquired data.circular ridean amusement ride whose motion is primarilyrotary in a fixed or variable plane from horizontal to 45above horizontal.concession go-kartan amusement ride or device, whichmeets all of the following specifications: the devic

22、e is asingle vehicle, unattached to other vehicles or a commonframe system, which is powered without connection to acommon energy source, which is driver controlled withrespect to acceleration, speed, braking, and steering, whichoperates within the containment system of a defined track,and which sim

23、ulates competitive motor sports, which is usedby members of the general public for a fee. A concessiongo-kart has a maximum capacity of two persons and nocargo capacity.DISCUSSIONThis definition specifically excludes similar go-kartdevices that are intended for use as competitive (racing) karts or s

24、imilargo-kart devices intended for ownership and use by private owners. Thisdefinition specifically excludes devices, such as electronically or railguided amusement rides and bumper cars or other similar amusementmotor sports devices that operate under circumstances where there is nodefined directio

25、n of travel.concession go-kart attendantthe person or persons whoseduties may include but are not limited to the instruction,dispatch, and limitation of ride duration of persons drivingconcession go-karts.containment systema device installed on the concessiongo-kart track, which defines the boundari

26、es of the track, andwhose primary purpose is to contain the vehicles within thedefined boundary.control access systema device, barrier or mechanism thatprohibits unauthorized activation of a ride or device controlsystem.control stationa location where buttons, switches or othercontrols are provided

27、for the purpose of operating rideequipment.FIG. 1 Frequency Response EnvelopeF747 152coordinate systemthree orthogonal axes that intersect at anorigin whose positive directions correspond to the right-handrule.measurement coordinate systema coordinate system thatprovides the reference axes and sign

28、convention for the testdata record(s).patron coordinate systema coordinate system that is fixedwith respect to the human upper torso and oriented as in Fig. 2.vehicle coordinate systema coordinate system that is fixedwith respect to the ride or device being tested.court attendantindividual trained i

29、n facility emergencyprocedures, familiar with fundamental trampolining and TCfoam pit operations, monitoring patrons and responding toTC trampoline, and TC foam pit emergencies.data channelthe entire instrumentation system for a singlechannel of data acquisition; from the transducer to the finalrepr

30、esentation of the data, including all post-acquisition dataprocessing that may alter the amplitude or frequency contentof the data.data channel full scalethe maximum usable value, in unitsof the physical phenomenon being measured, that may berepresented by a data channel. This value is determined by

31、the data channel component with the lowest full-scale range.designer/engineerparty(s) that establishes and describes theconfiguration of the amusement ride or device, establishesstrength and fatigue life, designs and develops electrical/electronic control systems, and defines inspection criteria.FIG

32、. 2 Patron Coordinate SystemF747 153dismount platformany surface for standing, walking,sitting, or climbing, or a flat surface larger than 2.0 in. (51mm) wide by 2.0 in. (51 mm) long having less than 30angle from horizontal.driverthe person who manipulates and controls the directionof travel, brakin

33、g, and speed of a concession go-kart.electrical (E)/electronic (E)/programmable electronic sys-tems (PES) (E/E/PES)when used in this context, electri-cal refers to logic functions performed by electromechanicaltechniques, (for example, electromechanical relay, motordriven timers, and so forth), Elec

34、tronic refers to logicfunctions performed by electronic techniques, (for example,solid state logic, solid state relay, and so forth), andProgrammable Electronic System refers to logic performedby programmable or configurable devices (for example,Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Field devices are

35、not included in E/E/PES.electro-sensitive protective equipment (ESPE)assemblyof devices or components, or both, working together forprotective tripping or presence-sensing purposes.engineeran engineer as defined by and licensed in accor-dance with the applicable provincial or territorial statute.fai

36、l-safecharacteristic of an amusement ride or device, orcomponent thereof, that is designed such that the normal andexpected failure mode results in a safe condition.fencea type of barrier consisting of, but not limited to, posts,boards, wire, stakes, or rails that is used to inhibit patronsfrom comi

37、ng into contact with the moving portion orrestricted portion of an amusement ride or device.filter corner frequency (Fn)with reference to a low-passfilter, Fn is the frequency (specified in Hz) where thefrequency response curve of the filter has magnitude of 3dB.flat-ridean amusement ride that opera

38、tes on a single levelwhether over a controlled, fixed course or track, or confinedto a limited area of operation.force limitingwhen pertaining to restraint devices, a char-acteristic that, regardless of the amount of force availablefrom the system actuators, limits the amount of force appliedto the

39、patron(s).free-run timea period of time during the ride cycle when noenergy is added to the ride vehicle.full-scalethe maximum usable value, in units of the physicalphenomenon being measured, which may be represented bya data channel or some component thereof.fun karta motorized vehicle with four wh

40、eels, sold com-mercially as consumer goods and intended for privatepersonal recreational use by the consumers for off-road useon suitable terrain, as recommended by the manufacturer.“g”the standard acceleration due to gravity at the surface ofthe earth. Defined as 32.2 ft/s/s or 9.81 m/s/s.hand mode

41、ability of the amusement ride or device to start,operate, move, etc. only with operator intervention.high ridean amusement ride whose motion is in a fixed orvariable plane from horizontal to vertical.illnesspersonal discomfort resulting in treatment including apersonal illness, food poisoning, drug

42、abuse, toxicinhalation, insect sting, or other similar occurrence.inflatable amusement devicean amusement ride or devicedesigned for use that may include but not be limited tobounce, climb, slide, or interactive play. They are made offlexible fabric, kept inflated by continuous air flow by one ormor

43、e blowers, and rely upon air pressure to maintain theirshape.injurysustained bodily harm resulting in treatment such astrauma, cuts, bruises, burns, and sprains.installation or erectionthe actual act of onsite constructionor the physical setting up and making ready for use of a rideor device.institu

44、tional trampolinea trampoline intended for use in acommercial or institutional facility.interested partycourt of confident jurisdiction, law enforce-ment agency, or membership/association official to whichthe operator falls under.kiddie ridean amusement ride designed primarily for use bychildren up

45、to 12 years of age.landing poolpool intended to receive riders from a waterslide.landing zonearea in a landing pool intended for receivingriders from a particular slide.latchingwhen pertaining to restraint devices, held secureagainst opening except by intentional action of the patron,operator, or ot

46、her means. This can include restraints (forexample, drop bars) held in place by gravity, detents or othermeans.lifeguardindividual specially trained in lifesaving and emer-gency procedures, responsible for monitoring patrons andresponding to aquatic and other emergencies.lockingwhen pertaining to re

47、straint devices, held securelyagainst opening except by intentional action of the operatoror other means not accessible by the patron.major modificationany change in either the structural oroperational characteristics of the ride or device which willalter its performance from that specified in the m

48、anufactur-ers design criteria.manual releasewhen pertaining to restraint devices, a handor foot operated mechanism that allows for opening thepatron restraint.manufacturerparty producing the amusement ride ordevice, performing major modifications and can include thedesigner/engineer.F747 154minor in

49、juries/illnessesinjuries and illnesses which may ormay not require emergency first aid or significant treatment,or both, but cannot be otherwise classified as a serious injuryor illness. This category includes incidents where treatmentis limited to such things as the dispensation of over-the-counter medication or plastic adhesive strips, cleansing, rest,and other similar duties or assistance.minor modificationany change that does not alter thestructural or operational characteristics of the ride or dev