ASTM F790-2002 Standard Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace Plastic Transparent Enclosures《航空航天塑料透明外壳用试验材料的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 790 02Standard Guide forTesting Materials for Aerospace Plastic TransparentEnclosures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to summarize the standard testmethods available on individual and composite materialsutilized in fabricat

3、ion of aerospace plastic transparent enclo-sures. As such, it is intended to specifically include transparentthermoplastics, transparent elastomers, and reinforced plastics,whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.1.2 This guide is intended as an aid in the search for testmethods pertinent to Aerospac

4、e Plastic Transparent Enclo-sures. It should be understood that all methods listed may notapply to all enclosures.1.3 The standards included refer to the properties or aspectslisted in Table 1. The properties or aspects are listed inalphabetical order and the descriptions used are intended tofacilit

5、ate the search.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.

6、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 117 Test Method for Material Finer Than 75-m (No.200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power Frequencies3D 150 Test Method

7、s for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tion3D 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of Plastics4D 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating Materials31This guide is under the jurisdiction of

8、ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace andAircraft and is the direct responsibility of F07.08 on Transparent Enclosures andMaterials.Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originallypublished as F 790 88. Last previous edition F 790 94.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3Annual

9、Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.TABLE 1 Property or Aspects of Aerospace Plastic TransparentEnclosuresProperty or Aspect Test MethodAbrasion Resistance D 1044Abrasion ResistanceOscillating Sand F 735Abrasion TestingSizing Sand for C 117Bearing Strength D 9

10、53Bird Impact Resistance F 330Bond Integrity F 521Brittleness TemperatureBy Impact D 746Chemical Resistance D 543Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion D 696Compressive Properties D 695Electrical Insulating MaterialDC Resistance or Conductance D 257Electrical Insulating MaterialDielectric Breakdown

11、 Voltage D 149Electrical Insulating MaterialDielectric Constant D 150Electrical Insulating MaterialFlexural Properties D 790Electrical Insulating MaterialImpact Resistance D 256Electrical Insulating MaterialRockwell Hardness D 785Environmental Resistance F 520Exposure Apparatus OperationCarbon ARC T

12、ype D 1499Exposure Apparatus OperationFluorescent UV Type G 154Exposure Apparatus OperationXenon ARC Type D 2565Flow Rate D 1238Glass Transition Temperature E 1640Hail Impact Resistance F 320HardnessBarcol D 2583HardnessDurometer D 2240Heating ElementsDetection of Flaws F 319Ignition Loss D 2584Impa

13、ct ResistanceFalling Weight D 5420Impact ResistanceFalling Weight (Polycarbonate) F 736Index of Refraction D 542Interlayer Material Selection F 942Light Transmissivity F 1316Luminous Transmittance and Haze D 1003Optical Angular Deviation F 801Optical Angular DisplacementMultiple Images F 1165Optical

14、 Binocular Disparity F 1181Optical Distortion and DeviationDouble Exposure F 733Optical Reflectivity F 1252Peel ResistanceFloating Roller D 3167Rubber Properties in Tension D 412ScratchesIntensity of F 548Shear StrengthFusion Bonded Polycarbonate F 734Shear Strength and ModulusInterlayer Materials F

15、 1362Softening Temperature D 1525Specific Gravity and Density D 792Specific Heat D 2766Stress Crazing F 791Stress Crazing F 484Tear Resistance D 624Tear ResistanceInitial D 1004Tensile Properties D 638Water Absorption D 5701Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh

16、ohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Rubbers and Thermoelastic Elastometers Tension5D 542 Test Methods for Index of Refraction of TransparentOrganic Plastics4D 543 Practice for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical Reagents4D 57

17、0 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics4D 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers5D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics4D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlastics4D 696 Test Method for Coefficient of Lin

18、ear Thermal Ex-pansion of Plastics Between 30 and 30C With a Vitre-ous Silica Dilatometer4D 746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by Impact4D 785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating Materials4D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Propertie

19、s of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-als4D 792 Test Methods for Specific Gravity (Relative Density)and Density of Plastics by Displacement4D 953 Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics4D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plas

20、tics4D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of PlasticFilm and Sheeting4D 1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent Plasticsto Surface Abrasion4D 1238 Test Method for Flow Rates of Thermoplastics byExtrusion Plastometer4D 1499 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Ex-posures of Pl

21、astics4D 1525 Test Method for Vicat Softening Temperature ofPlastics4D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardness5D 2565 Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor Operations6D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor

22、6D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResins6D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids andSolids7D 3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance ofAdhesives8D 5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, RigidPlastic Specimens by Means of a Striker Impacted by aFal

23、ling Weight (Gardner Impact)9E 1640 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass TransitionTemperature by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis10F 319 Practice for Polarized Light Detection of Flaws inAerospace Transparency Heating Elements11F 320 Test Method for Hail Impact Resistance of AerospaceTransparent Encl

24、osures11F 330 Test Method for Bird Impact Testing of AerospaceTransparent Enclosures11F 484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics inContact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds11F 520 Test Method for Environmental Resistance of Aero-space Transparencies11F 521 Test Methods for Bond Inte

25、grity of TransparentLaminates11F 548 Test Method for Intensity of Scratches on AerospaceTransparent Plastics11F 733 Practice for Optical Distortion and Deviation ofTransparent Parts Using the Double-Exposure Method11F 734 Practice for Shear Strength of Fusion Bonded Poly-carbonate Aerospace Glazing

26、Material11F 735 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of TransparentPlastics and Coatings Using the Oscillating Sand Method11F 736 Test Method for Impact Resistance of MonolithicPolycarbonate Sheet by Means of a Falling Weight11F 790 Guide for Testing Materials for Aerospace PlasticTransparent Enclosu

27、res11F 791 Practice for Stress Crazing of Transparent Plastics11F 801 Test Method for Measuring Optical Angular Devia-tion of Transparent Parts11F 942 Guide for Selection of Test Methods for InterlayerMaterials for Aerospace Transparent Enclosures11F 1164 Test Method for Evaluation of Transparent Pl

28、asticsExposed to Accelerated Weathering Combined with Bi-axial Stress11F 1165 Test Method for Measuring Angular Displacementof Multiple Images in Transparent Parts11F 1181 Test Method for Measuring Binocular Disparity inTransparent Parts11F 1252 Test Method for Measuring Optical Reflectivity ofTrans

29、parent Materials11F 1316 Test Method for Measuring the Transmissivity ofTransparent Parts11F 1362 Test Method for Shear Strength and Shear Modulusof Aerospace Glazing Interlayer Materials11G 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials123. Significan

30、ce and Use3.1 This guide is intended for use by material suppliers,aircraft transparent enclosure fabricators, air-frame manufac-turers, government agencies, and others that may becomeinvolved in the testing of transparency components. These testmethods provide data on both individual materials and

31、materialcombinations commonly utilized in the fabrications of aero-space transparent enclosures comprised of monolithic plastic,5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.8Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.9Ann

32、ual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.10Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.11Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.12Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.F 7902coated monolithic plastic or laminated constructions contain-ing plastics.3.2 Primary properties and their long term stability

33、arecritical to the performance of aerospace transparent enclosures.Property measurement tests define as-manufactured materialproperties of these materials. Aging procedures provide forexposure of parts or representative sections to environmentsthat may induce changes in material properties as determ

34、inedin property measurement tests. Property measurement testspreformed before and after aging exposure provide a means ofestimating the potential usable life span of a transparency or tocompare the durability of one material with another.3.3 When employing these test methods for comparison ofmateria

35、ls for weathering effects the user should be aware thatthe many factors influencing degradation due to weatheringvary from one location to another. For direct weatheringcomparisons, all various material(s) should undergo exposureconditions and property measurements testing at the same time.3.4 The t

36、est methods listed include those considered criticalto the performance of aircraft transparent enclosures. Other testmethods to evaluate materials may also be performed. Addi-tional test methods are in preparation and will be incorporated.The user is advised to employ the latest revision of any test

37、method.3.5 The dominant component of all transparent enclosures isone, or more, rigid transparent sheet(s). The sheet(s) mustpermit the necessary visibility while providing structural in-tegrity and protecting the aircraft interior from external envi-ronments as required by the specific aircraft des

38、ign.3.6 In its most simple form, the rigid transparent sheet maybe the only component of a transparent enclosure.3.7 When more than one rigid transparent sheet is em-ployed, the sheets are laminated with a controlled thicknesswith either an air gap or with a transparent adhesive known asan interlaye

39、r.3.8 Transparent enclosure designs may use multiple rigidtransparent sheets to take advantage of specific properties ofdifferent materials. In this instance, there will be functionsrequired of one of the sheets but not the other.3.9 The test methods, practices and guides listed are asummary of the

40、available test methods applicable to plastictransparent enclosures. They are presented in this format tosimplify the search and to enable the user to determine if amethod applicable to his requirements is available.4. Keywords4.1 abrasion; acrylic; adhesion; aerospace; bonding; electri-cal; enclosur

41、es; environmental; impact; interlayers; materials;mechanical; optical; physical; plastic; polycarbonate; proper-ties; thermal; transparentASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this st

42、andard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years a

43、ndif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,

44、 which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 7903