ASTM F819-2008 Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers.pdf

1、Designation: F 819 08Standard TerminologyRelating to Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 819; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2F 712 Test Methods and Specifications for Electrically In-sulating Plastic Guard Equipment for Protect

3、ion of Work-ersF 1116 Test Method for Determining Dielectric Strength ofDielectric FootwearF 1117 Specification for Dielectric Footwear2. Terminologyafterflame time, nthe length of time in seconds for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremovedDISCUSSIONIn arc testin

4、g, the length of time for which a specimencontinues to exhibit a visible flaming as determined by a time displayvideo recording of the specimen during arc testingarc duration, ntime duration of the arc(s).arc energy (vi dt), nsum of the instantaneous arc voltagevalues multiplied by the instantaneous

5、 arc current valuesmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc, (J).arc gapdistance between the arc electrodes (inch).Arc thermal performance value (ATPV), nin arc testing,the incident energy on a fabric or material that results in a50 % probability that sufficient heat transfer through

6、 thetested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curvearc voltage, nvoltage across the gap caused by the currentflowing through the resistance created by the arc gap, V.asymmetrical arc current, nthe total arc current producedduring closure;

7、it includes a direct component and a sym-metrical component, A.blanket roll-upa container made from fabric or similarmaterial and specifically designed to protect the blanket fromdamage during storage or transportation.blowout, nthe extinguishing of the arc caused by a magneticfield.breakdown, elect

8、ricalthe electrical discharge or arc occur-ring between the electrodes and through the equipment beingtested.bulk storagethe storage of hose or covers together with oneor more layers piled neatly, but without the benefit ofspacers, supports, or special protective containers.charring, nthe formation

9、of carbonaceous residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.closure, npoint on supply current wave form where arc isinitiated.color splasha splash, smear, or streak of contrasting colorevident on the inside or outside surface of the gloves orsleeves that was deposited during the dippi

10、ng operation andis vulcanized into the material as part of the patiblenot injurious to or changing the physical orelectrical characteristics of the blankets or affecting theirapplication, use, or acceptability.coveran electrically insulated enclosure designed to beinstalled temporarily on various ty

11、pes of irregularly shapedelectrical equipment to protect personnel and equipmentworking in close proximity.delta peak temperature, ndifference between the maximumtemperature and the initial temperature of the sensor duringthe test, C.designated personan individual who is qualified by expe-rience or

12、training to perform an assigned task.distortedphysically changed from the natural and originalshape, caused by stress of any type.electrical testing facilitya location with qualified personnel,testing equipment, and procedures for the inspection andelectrical testing of electrical insulating protect

13、ive equip-ment.electrodethe energized or grounded conductor portion ofelectrical test equipment which is placed near or in contactwith the material or equipment being tested.1These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the

14、direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.60 on Terminology.Current edition approved May 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 819-06.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service

15、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.electrode clearancethe shortest path from the en

16、ergizedelectrode to the ground electrode.embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.flashoverthe electrical discharge or arc occurring betweenelectrodes and over or around, but not through, the equip-ment being tested.foot portionthe portion

17、 of the footwear below the wearersankle bone.FRP insulating tubes and rodsfiberglass reinforced plastic(FRP) products manufactured so that the tubes and rodsproduced will meet the electrical and mechanical require-ments in the standard.gauntletthe area of a glove between the wrist and thereinforced

18、edge of the opening.halogenation treatmentexposure of the entire rubber sur-face area to a halogen for the purpose of reducing surfacefriction.heat attenuation factor HAF, nin electric arc testing, thepercent of the incident energy which is blocked by a materialat an incident energy level equal to A

19、TPV.heat flux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount ofenergy transmitted divided by area and time kW/m2(cal/cm2s).hosean electrical insulating tube with a longitudinal slitdesigned to be installed temporarily on energized electricalwires.i2t, nsum of the instantaneous arc current values sq

20、uaredmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc(A2s).ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.incident energy (Ei), nthe amount of energy (total heat,cal/cm2) received at a surface as a direct result of an electricarc discharge as measured by temperature rise on coppercalorimeters.insul

21、atedseparated from other conducting surfaces by adielectric substance (including air space) offering a highresistance to the passage of current.DISCUSSIONWhen any object is said to be insulated, it is understoodto be insulated in a suitable manner for the conditions to which it issubjected. Otherwis

22、e, it is, within the purpose of this definition,uninsulated. Insulating covering of conductors is one means of makingthe conductor insulated.interior foam-filled tubea tube filled with homogeneousunicellular thermosetting foam having closed cells blownwith non-combustible gases, with the filling bon

23、ded to theinterior wall.DISCUSSIONThe foam filling should be free of voids, separations,holes, cracks, or the like.isolatedan object that is not readily accessible to personsunless special means of access are used.ozonea very active form of oxygen that is produced bycorona, arcing, or ultraviolet ra

24、ys.ozone cutting and checkingcracks produced by ozone in amaterial under mechanical stress.proof-test currentthe current measured during ac prooftests.DISCUSSIONThis current is an indication of the validity of thedielectric constant of the type of material used and the thickness of thetotal contact

25、area under test.retestthe tests given after the initial acceptance test, usuallyperformed at regular periodic intervals or as required be-cause of physical inspection.rubbera generic term that includes elastomers and elastomercompounds, regardless of origin.sleeve roll-upa sleeve carrier formed of f

26、lat canvas-likematerial in which a pair of sleeves is rolled lengthwise.sleeve shoulder rollthe rolled or reinforced edge of aninsulating sleeve nearest to the shoulder.sole, nthe underside of the boot or rubber that would be incontact with the ground.DISCUSSIONSee Test Method F 1116 and Specificati

27、on F 1117.Inthis type footwear, it is normally made as one piece and constructed ofa molded elastomer.test, acceptanceone made at the option of the purchaser toverify that a product meets design criteria.test, designone made on a sample treated as representativeof an industrial product. These tests

28、will not generally berepeated in quantity production.test, routinea type of test made regularly on productionmaterial.time to delta peak temperature, nthe time from beginningof the initiation of the arc to the time the delta peaktemperature is reached, s.unassigned blanketsblankets that are in stora

29、ge prior tobeing issued for use.user, nthe employer or entity purchasing the equipment to beutilized by workers for their protection; in the absence ofsuch an employer or entity, the individual purchasing andutilizing the protective equipment.visual inspectiona visual check made to detect construc-t

30、ional defects.voltage, maximum retestvoltage, either ac rms or dcaverage, that is equal to the proof test voltage for newprotective equipment.voltage, maximum usethe ac voltage (rms) classification ofthe protective equipment that designates the maximumnominal design voltage of the energized system t

31、hat may besafely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal tophase-to-phase voltage on multiphase circuits.If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area, and thevoltage exposure is limited to phase (polarity on dc systems) toground potential, the phase (polarity on dc systems) to groundpoten

32、tial shall be considered to be the nominal design voltage.If electrical equipment and devices are insulated, or isolated,or both, such that the multiphase exposure on a grounded wyecircuit is removed, then the nominal design voltage may beconsidered as the phase-to-ground voltage on that circuit.The

33、 formulas for determining the ac maximum use voltageare as follows:Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of actest voltage) 2000 ac VClasses 1, 2, 3 and 4: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dctest voltage) 30 500 dc VF819082For Class 00 and Class 0 rubber gloves, and other Class 0equ

34、ipment, the maximum use voltage values are not based onthe above formulas, but are listed in individual standards.Class 00: Maximum ac use voltage = 500 V with an ac testvoltage of 2500 VClass 0: Maximum ac use voltage = 1000 V with an ac testvoltage of 5000 VClass 00: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 %

35、 of dc test voltage) 9000 dc VClass 0: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dc test voltage) 18 000 dc VThese formulas take into consideration that natural andman-made polymers ability to withstand voltage is not linearas the thickness and voltage increases.This definition does not apply to electricall

36、y insulatingplastic equipment covered by Test Method F 712.DISCUSSIONThe work practices and methods associated with re-moving multiphase exposure at any given work site are not addressedin the ASTM standards. The users of ASTM standards should referenceappropriate industry consensus standards for pr

37、oper work practices.voltage, nominal designa nominal value consistent withANSI C84.1-2001, assigned to the circuit or system for thepurpose of conveniently designating its voltage class.voltage, retestvoltage, either ac rms or dc average, that usedprotective equipment must be capable of withstanding

38、 for aspecific test period without breakdown.X/R ratio, nthe ratio of system inductive reactance toresistance.DISCUSSIONIt is proportional to the L/R ratio of time constant, andis, therefore, indicative of the rate of decay of any DC offset. A largeX/R ratio corresponds to a large time constant and

39、a slow rate of decay.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen

40、t of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or f

41、or additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views know

42、n to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F819083