ASTM F819-2010(2015) Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers《工作人员使用电气防护设备相关标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: F819 10 (Reapproved 2015)Standard TerminologyRelating to Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F819; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2F712 Test Methods and Specifications for Electrically Insu-lating Plastic Guard Equipm

3、ent for Protection of WorkersF1116 Test Method for Determining Dielectric Strength ofDielectric FootwearF1117 Specification for Dielectric Footwear2. Terminologyafterflame time, nthe length of time in seconds for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremovedDISCUSSIONI

4、n arc testing, the length of time for which a specimencontinues to exhibit a visible flaming as determined by a time displayvideo recording of the specimen during arc testingarc duration, ntime duration of the arc(s).arc energy (vi dt), nsum of the instantaneous arc voltagevalues multiplied by the i

5、nstantaneous arc current valuesmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc, (J).arc gapdistance between the arc electrodes (inch).Arc thermal performance value (ATPV), nin arc testing,the incident energy on a fabric or material that results in a50 % probability that sufficient heat tran

6、sfer through thetested specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curvearc voltage, nvoltage across the gap caused by the currentflowing through the resistance created by the arc gap, V.asymmetrical arc current, nthe total arc current producedduri

7、ng closure; it includes a direct component and a sym-metrical component, A.blanket roll-upa container made from fabric or similarmaterial and specifically designed to protect the blanket fromdamage during storage or transportation.blowout, nthe extinguishing of the arc caused by a magneticfield.brea

8、kdown, electricalthe electrical discharge or arc occur-ring between the electrodes and through the equipment beingtested.bulk storagethe storage of hose or covers together with oneor more layers piled neatly, but without the benefit ofspacers, supports, or special protective containers.charring, nth

9、e formation of carbonaceous residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.closure, npoint on supply current wave form where arc isinitiated.color splasha splash, smear, or streak of contrasting colorevident on the inside or outside surface of the gloves orsleeves that was deposited duri

10、ng the dipping operation andis vulcanized into the material as part of the patiblenot injurious to or changing the physical orelectrical characteristics of the blankets or affecting theirapplication, use, or acceptability.coveran electrically insulated enclosure designed to beinstalled temporarily o

11、n various types of irregularly shapedelectrical equipment to protect personnel and equipmentworking in close proximity.designated personan individual who is qualified by expe-rience or training to perform an assigned task.distortedphysically changed from the natural and originalshape, caused by stre

12、ss of any type.electrical testing facilitya location with qualified personnel,testing equipment, and procedures for the inspection andelectrical testing of electrical insulating protective equip-ment.electrodethe energized or grounded conductor portion ofelectrical test equipment which is placed nea

13、r or in contactwith the material or equipment being tested.1These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.60 on Terminology.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 20

14、15. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F819-0. DOI:10.1520/F0819-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standa

15、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1electrode clearancethe shortest path from the energizedelectrode to the ground electrode.embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue a

16、s theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.flashoverthe electrical discharge or arc occurring betweenelectrodes and over or around, but not through, the equip-ment being tested.foot portionthe portion of the footwear below the wearersankle bone.FRP insulating tubes and rodsfiberglass reinforc

17、ed plastic(FRP) products manufactured so that the tubes and rodsproduced will meet the electrical and mechanical require-ments in the standard.gauntletthe area of a glove between the wrist and thereinforced edge of the opening.halogenation treatmentexposure of the entire rubber sur-face area to a ha

18、logen for the purpose of reducing surfacefriction.heat attenuation factor HAF, nin electric arc testing, thepercent of the incident energy which is blocked by a materialat an incident energy level equal to ATPV.heat flux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount ofenergy transmitted divided by

19、 area and time kW/m2(cal/cm2s).hosean electrical insulating tube with a longitudinal slitdesigned to be installed temporarily on energized electricalwires.i2t, nsum of the instantaneous arc current values squaredmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc(A2s).ignition, nthe initiation

20、of combustion.incident energy (Ei),nthe amount of energy (total heat,cal/cm2) received at a surface as a direct result of an electricarc discharge as measured by temperature rise on coppercalorimeters.insulatedseparated from other conducting surfaces by adielectric substance (including air space) of

21、fering a highresistance to the passage of current.DISCUSSIONWhen any object is said to be insulated, it is understoodto be insulated in a suitable manner for the conditions to which it issubjected. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of this definition,uninsulated. Insulating covering of conductors

22、 is one means of makingthe conductor insulated.interior foam-filled tubea tube filled with homogeneousunicellular thermosetting foam having closed cells blownwith non-combustible gases, with the filling bonded to theinterior wall.DISCUSSIONThe foam filling should be free of voids, separations,holes,

23、 cracks, or the like.isolatedan object that is not readily accessible to personsunless special means of access are used.ozonea very active form of oxygen that is produced bycorona, arcing, or ultraviolet rays.ozone cutting and checkingcracks produced by ozone in amaterial under mechanical stress.pro

24、of-test currentthe current measured during ac prooftests.DISCUSSIONThis current is an indication of the validity of thedielectric constant of the type of material used and the thickness of thetotal contact area under test.retestthe tests given after the initial acceptance test, usuallyperformed at r

25、egular periodic intervals or as required be-cause of physical inspection.rubbera generic term that includes elastomers and elastomercompounds, regardless of origin.sleeve roll-upa sleeve carrier formed of flat canvas-likematerial in which a pair of sleeves is rolled lengthwise.sleeve shoulder rollth

26、e rolled or reinforced edge of aninsulating sleeve nearest to the shoulder.sole, nthe underside of the boot or rubber that would be incontact with the ground.DISCUSSIONSee Test Method F1116 and Specification F1117. In thistype footwear, it is normally made as one piece and constructed of amolded ela

27、stomer.test, acceptanceone made at the option of the purchaser toverify that a product meets design criteria.test, designone made on a sample treated as representativeof an industrial product. These tests will not generally berepeated in quantity production.test, routinea type of test made regularly

28、 on productionmaterial.unassigned blanketsblankets that are in storage prior tobeing issued for use.user, nthe employer or entity purchasing the equipment to beutilized by workers for their protection; in the absence ofsuch an employer or entity, the individual purchasing andutilizing the protective

29、 equipment.visual inspectiona visual check made to detect construc-tional defects.voltage, maximum retestvoltage, either ac rms or dcaverage, that is equal to the proof test voltage for newprotective equipment.voltage, maximum usethe ac voltage (rms) classification ofthe protective equipment that de

30、signates the maximumnominal design voltage of the energized system that may besafely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal tophase-to-phase voltage on multiphase circuits.If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area, andthe voltage exposure is limited to phase (polarity on dcsystems) to

31、 ground potential, the phase (polarity on dcsystems) to ground potential shall be considered to be thenominal design voltage.F819 10 (2015)2If electrical equipment and devices are insulated, orisolated, or both, such that the multiphase exposure on agrounded wye circuit is removed, then the nominal

32、designvoltage may be considered as the phase-to-ground voltage onthat circuit.The formulas for determining the ac maximum use volt-age are as follows:Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % ofac test voltage) 2000 ac VClasses 1, 2, 3 and 4: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % ofdc test volt

33、age) 30 500 dc VFor Class 00 and Class 0 rubber gloves, and other Class 0equipment, the maximum use voltage values are not basedon the above formulas, but are listed in individual standards.Class 00: Maximum ac use voltage = 500 V with an ac testvoltage of 2500 VClass 0: Maximum ac use voltage = 100

34、0 V with an ac testvoltage of 5000 VClass 00: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dc testvoltage) 9000 dc VClass 0: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dc test voltage) 18 000 dc VThese formulas take into consideration that natural andman-made polymers ability to withstand voltage is notlinear as the th

35、ickness and voltage increases.This definition does not apply to electrically insulatingplastic equipment covered by Test Method F712.DISCUSSIONThe work practices and methods associated with re-moving multiphase exposure at any given work site are not addressedin the ASTM standards. The users of ASTM

36、 standards should referenceappropriate industry consensus standards for proper work practices.voltage, nominal designa nominal value consistent withANSI C84.1-2001, assigned to the circuit or system for thepurpose of conveniently designating its voltage class.voltage, retestvoltage, either ac rms or

37、 dc average, that usedprotective equipment must be capable of withstanding for aspecific test period without breakdown.X/R ratio, nthe ratio of system inductive reactance toresistance.DISCUSSIONIt is proportional to the L/R ratio of time constant, andis, therefore, indicative of the rate of decay of

38、 any DC offset. A largeX/R ratio corresponds to a large time constant and a slow rate of decay.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determina

39、tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or with

40、drawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you

41、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sing

42、le or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2015)3