ASTM F846-1992(2003) Standard Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Rides and Devices《娱乐乘骑和装置的性能试验》.pdf

1、Designation: F 846 92 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Guide forTesting Performance of Amusement Rides and Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 846; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the basic tests which shall be con-ducted on amusement rides and devices during prototypedevelopment, i

3、nstallation or erection, following major modifi-cations, and during normal operation to determine that theperformance of a given ride or device meets the manufacturersspecified design criteria.NOTE 1The following standards developed by Committee F24 con-tain information relative to this guide: Speci

4、fication F 698, PracticesE 1212, F 1193, and F 770, Terminology E 1316, and Definitions F 747.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra

5、ctices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 543 Standard Practice for Agencies Performing Nonde-structive TestingE 1212 Practice for Quality Control Systems for Nonde-structive Testing AgenciesE 1316 Terminology for Nond

6、estructive ExaminationsF 698 Specification for Physical Information to be Providedfor Amusement Rides and DevicesF 747 Terminology Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vicesF 770 Practice for Operation Procedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF 853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRide

7、s and DevicesF 1193 Practice for Amusement Ride and Device Manufac-turer Quality Assurance Program and Manufacturing Re-quirements2.2 ASNT Document:3Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualifica-tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to T

8、his Standard:3.1.1 installation or erectionthe actual act of onsite con-struction or the physical setting up and making ready for use ofa ride or device.3.1.2 major modificationany change in either the struc-tural or operational characteristics of the ride or device whichwill alter its performance f

9、rom that specified in the manufac-turers design criteria.3.1.3 prototypefinal operational assembly of a newlydeveloped ride or device.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish pertinent testdata on a given ride or device which shall be used as the basisfor the evaluation o

10、f the ride or devices performance, includ-ing developmental testing, installation testing, and operationaltesting.4.2 This guide is intended for the use of manufacturers,owners/operators, and those persons or agencies involved inthe installation and operational testing of amusement rides anddevices.

11、5. Developmental Testing by the Manufacturer5.1 Where applicable as determined by the manufacturer/designer, the following test procedures shall be developed andperformed on a prototype amusement ride or device in orderthat the manufacturer/designer may determine the appropriate-ness for use, of not

12、 only the parts, but the entire system of anewly designed ride or device.5.1.1 Procedures to Verify Maximum Safe Design Loads:5.1.1.1 Procedures to verify such design characteristics asrelevant deflections, loads, and forces that are placed on boththe equipment and the passengers during operation of

13、 the rideor device,5.1.1.2 A procedure to determine operational limits andrestart criteria due to environmental conditions,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.10 on TestMethods.Current edition

14、approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 846 92 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume infor

15、mation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from The American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O.Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29

16、59, United States.5.1.1.3 Procedures to allow the manufacturer to determinesuch factors as component variability and certification require-ments of components, and5.1.1.4 Any other procedures necessary to demonstrate aride or devices appropriateness for its intended use.6. Installation Testing6.1 Th

17、is section of the guide covers those tests relevant notonly to installation, but also includes post-modification andmajor modifications. The original manufacturer or supplier ofan amusement ride or device shall also provide, where appli-cable, the following standard testing guides:6.1.1 Materials Te

18、stingAcceptable test procedures for thecertification of all major structural components shall be pro-vided. Where possible, this testing should be referenced toASTM or to other commonly accepted industry standards.6.1.2 Erection/Modification Acceptance TestingTest pro-cedures or criteria for the acc

19、eptance of such constructionoperations as welding and fastening shall be provided. Again,reference where possible should be made to ASTM or to othercurrently accepted industry standards for this purpose.6.1.3 Performance TestingThis should consist of a seriesof specified tests that can be used to de

20、termine that the newlyerected ride or device conforms to the original design criteria.7. Operational Testing7.1 The manufacturer of a ride or device shall developspecific operational tests along with minimum intervals forthese tests to be performed that will allow the owner/operatorof the ride or de

21、vice to determine whether a given ride ordevice is operating within prescribed operational limits.7.2 All operational tests, except those necessarily recom-mended subsequent to the sale because of information notreasonably available to the manufacturer at the time of sale,should be recommended to th

22、e owner/operator at the time ofsale. All tests, whether recommended at the time of sale, orsubsequent tests, shall meet the following criteria:7.2.1 All tests shall have been satisfactorily performed bythe manufacturer prior to sale.7.2.2 The tests must be such that the ride, device, or elementcan r

23、easonably be expected to pass during the expected designlife, assuming recommended maintenance and operative pro-cedures have been followed.7.2.3 All tests must be reasonable and such that the owner/operator can reasonably be expected to be competent toperform or cause to be performed.7.2.4 Any oper

24、ational test including load testing performedon an amusement ride or device shall be completely nonde-structive in nature. Overload testing exceeding the above limitsshall be deemed inappropriate.7.2.5 Any installation or operational testing conducted onan amusement ride or device shall be accomplis

25、hed within therated limits of the information provided by the manufacturer.8. Nondestructive Testing (NDT)8.1 This section pertains to the nondestructive testing ofamusement ride and device components as recommended bythe manufacturer. These tests shall be performed by a qualifiedNDT inspector in ac

26、cordance with Practice E 543 or ASNTRecommended Practice SNT-TC-1A, or both. It is not intendedto preclude any other schedule of NDT, inspection, or testing.8.1.1 Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the development andapplication of technical methods such as radiographic, mag-netic particle, ultrasonic,

27、 liquid penetrant, electromagnetic,neutron radiographic, acoustic emission, visual, and leak test-ing to examine materials or components in ways that do notimpair the future usefulness and serviceability in order todetect, locate, measure and evaluate discontinuities, defects,and other imperfections

28、; to assess integrity, properties andcomposition; and to measure geometrical characters.8.1.2 NDT shall be used to verify the integrity of compo-nents which due to their design, location, or installation, orcombination thereof, cannot be adequately evaluated by othermeans.8.1.3 A schedule for testin

29、g on a given ride or devicecomponent shall be defined in terms of hours, days, or otherunits of operation. The initial design shall be developed toexpect a period between tests to be no more frequent thanannually.8.1.4 The manufacturer shall recommend components to betested along with appropriate ac

30、ceptance criteria. The manu-facturer may recommend the test method but shall not specifyhow the testing is to be conducted except where certainprocedures might endanger other components on the ride ordevice. Any changes or additions to these recommendationsshall be communicated to all known owner/op

31、erators of theride or device, and inspection agencies via manufacturersbulletins. Tests shall meet the requirements of 7.2.1-7.2.3.8.1.5 The manufacturer shall include in an appropriatesection of the ride or device manual the list and location ofcomponents to be tested, recommending specific areas t

32、o testand the schedule by which they shall be tested in accordancewith 8.1.4.8.1.6 Components found to have relevant indications that donot meet the acceptance criteria shall be replaced or recondi-tioned in accordance with Practice F 853.8.1.7 Components found free of relevant indications, thatmeet

33、 the acceptance criteria or have been reconditioned, shallbe further tested at the regular schedule in accordance with8.1.3.8.1.8 Within a reasonable time following a request by anowner/operator or inspection agency, the manufacturer of anamusement ride or device whose manual does not containtesting

34、 recommendations shall either provide a componentlisting or statement that no NDT is recommended on the ride ordevice as per the criteria outline of 8.1.2 When a manufactur-ers list or statement is not available, it may be compiled by aregistered professional engineer or engineering agency or byany

35、individual qualified by training and experience to compilesuch a list or statement based upon the ride or devicesspecifications and history and using accepted engineeringpractices.8.1.9 The owner/operator shall be responsible for imple-menting a program of testing based on the recommendations ofSect

36、ion 8.F 846 92 (2003)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringeme

37、nt of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or

38、for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views kno

39、wn to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 846 92 (2003)3