ASTM F887-2005e1 Standard Specifications for Personal Climbing Equipment《个人用攀登器具的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 887 05e1Standard Specifications forPersonal Climbing Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEMetric conversions were corrected editorially in July 2006.1. Scope1.1 These specifications cover acceptance testing of climb-ers and climber straps, body be

3、lts and positioning straps withlocking snaphooks, harnesses and shock absorbing lanyardsused by workers in the climbing of poles, trees, towers, andother structures. Minimum performance criteria for arc resis-tance of harnesses are included for workers who may beexposed to thermal hazards of momenta

4、ry electric arcs orflame.1.2 Three types of climbers, Types A, B, and C, and twotypes of climber straps, Types A and B, are covered.1.3 Two types of body belts, Types A and B, are covered.1.4 Three types of positioning straps, TypesA, B, and C, arecovered.1.5 Two types of harnesses, Types A and B, a

5、re covered.1.6 Two types of shock absorbing lanyards, Types A and B,are covered.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.8 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portions, 9.2, 10.3, 11.2, 14.3, 15.3, 18.2, 21.2, 22,23, and 24 of thes

6、e specifications: This standard does notpurport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associatedwith its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standardto establish appropriate safety and health practices anddetermine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior touse.2. Ref

7、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusE 1891 Specification forArc and Flame Resistant RainwearF 1958/F 1958M Test Method for Determining the Ignit-ability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing byElectric Arc Exposure Method Using Mannequin

8、s2.2 ANSI Standard:Z359.1 Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Sys-tems, Subsystems and Components33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 billetthe free (buckle hole) end of a belt or strap asopposed to the buckle end, which is designed to pass throughthe buck

9、le for closing.3.1.2 body belt attachmenta system of straps and buckleswhich allow the harness wearer to use a body belt in conjunc-tion with the harness.3.1.3 dee-ring, D-ringa steel straight-sided (no protru-sions along edge of dee-ring; see Fig. 1) forging in a circleconfiguration with an integra

10、l stirrup to accept the belt,assembled into a body belt for the purpose of accepting thesnaphooks of a positioning strap.3.1.4 design test, nfor arc and flame resistant materials,one made on a sample treated as representative of an industrialproduct; these tests will not generally be repeated in qua

11、ntityproduction.3.1.5 dripping, nin electric arc testing, a material re-sponse evidenced by flowing of the fiber polymer, the fabric, orthe fabric coating, and the evidence of droplets from thematerial, that characterizes overall performance relative toreducing the transfer of heat that is sufficien

12、t to cause asecond-degree burn.3.1.6 electric arc ignition, nas related to electric arcexposure, a response that causes the ignition of the materialwhich is accompanied by heat and light, and then subsequentburning for at least 5 s, or consumption of at least 25 % of theexposed test specimen area.3.

13、1.7 full body harnessa component with a design ofstraps which is fastened about the person in a manner so as tocontain the torso and distribute the fall arrest forces over atleast the upper thighs, pelvis, chest, and shoulders with meansfor attaching it to other components or sub-systems.1These spec

14、ifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edi

15、tion approved in 2004 as F 887 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the America

16、n National Standards Institute, ANSI, 25 W. 43rdSt., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.8 gaffa component of a pole or tree climber attachedto the climber shank, similar to a spur, which

17、 is shaped topermit the secure penetration of the pole or tree trunk.3.1.9 keepera component of the snaphook, used as alatching device and held in a closed position by a spring (seeFig. 2).3.1.10 locking mechanisma component of the snaphookused in conjunction with the keeper to retain the keeper in

18、aclosed position until intentionally released and opened. Asnaphook thus equipped, becomes a “locking snaphook.”3.1.11 locking snaphooka snaphook with a lockingmechanism (see 3.1.10).3.1.12 nosethe curved end of the snaphook which thekeeper rests on. It is rounded and overlaps the keeper latch insuc

19、h a manner as to prevent the dee-ring from inadvertentlyreleasing the snaphook (see Fig. 2).3.1.13 part (body belt), load-bearinga part of the bodybelt or positioning strap that, when in use with both snaphooksof the positioning strap engaged in one dee-ring of the bodybelt, will be required to supp

20、ort all or part of the mass of theuser. This includes all the material in the positioning strap, and,in the case of the body belt, the material to which the dee-ringsare directly fastened, and the material of the buckle strap thatpasses across the wearers abdomen.3.1.13.1 DiscussionThis definition a

21、nd the strength re-quirements described in 15.3.2 are designed to ensure that thebuckle strap is strong enough to withstand certain emergencyconditions, but are not to be construed as approval of attachingboth snaphooks to the same dee-ring when working aloft.OSHA Subpart M (1926.502) prohibits work

22、ing with twoload-bearing snaphooks in the same dee-ring unless snaphooksare of the locking type and designed for such application.3.1.14 part (harness), load bearinga component of aharness to which arrest forces are directly transmitted in theevent of a fall.3.1.15 protector, gaffa cap or guard desi

23、gned to cover thepoints of pole or tree gaffs to protect the gaffs from damage orfrom injuring people or from damaging equipment.3.1.16 shock absorbing lanyarda lanyard containing acomponent whose primary function is to dissipate energy andlimit deceleration forces which the system imposes on the bo

24、dyduring fall arrest.3.1.17 stirrup, climberthe footrest of the pole or treeclimber.3.1.18 stirrup, snaphook/dee-ringthe closed rectangularportion of the positioning strap snaphook, or body belt dee-ring(see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), that accepts the strap or belt material ina permanent manner.4. Signific

25、ance and Use4.1 The following personal tools or equipment covered bythese specifications are:4.1.1 Climbers and climber straps used to ascend anddescend poles and trees.4.1.2 Body belts and positioning straps utilized for workpositioning on poles, ladders, or structures.4.1.3 Full body harnesses and

26、 shock absorbing lanyardsutilized in preventing and arresting falls.4.2 Test methods included in these specifications are in-tended to provide uniform test procedures.4.3 Snaphooks (non-locking)(not permitted by this stan-dard).4.3.1 Locking snaphooks (required by this standard) manu-factured to mee

27、t the requirements of these specifications,FIG. 1 Typical Dee-RingFIG. 2 Components of Positioning StrapF88705e12effectively prevent rollout from occurring and are able to beoperated with one hand when working aloft.4.4 Illustrations are furnished only to amplify the text. Theyare not to be consider

28、ed restrictive as to specific design details,except where so stated.4.5 Except for the restrictions set forth in these specifica-tions because of design limitations, the use and maintenance ofthis equipment is beyond the scope of the standard.4.5.1 It is common practice and the responsibility of the

29、 userof this type of protective equipment to provide completeinstructions and detailed procedures for the safe use of suchequipment.POLE AND TREE CLIMBERS5. Classification5.1 Climbers covered under these specifications shall bedesignated as Type A, B, or C, as follows:5.1.1 Type AFixed length, non-a

30、djustable, with perma-nently attached gaffs.5.1.2 Type BAdjustable length, with permanently at-tached gaffs.5.1.3 Type CAdjustable length, with replaceable and in-terchangeable gaffs (that is, pole to tree).5.2 Climber straps covered under these specifications shallbe designated as Type A or B, as f

31、ollows:5.2.1 Type AOne-piece straps that pass through the loopsor rings on climbers and buckle one end to the other.5.2.2 Type BTwo-piece ankle or bottom straps made sothat each section can be attached to the climber ring, leavingthe buckle end free to engage with the free billet end of theother pie

32、ce.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for equipment under this specification shallinclude the following information:6.1.1 Nomenclature,6.1.2 Type,6.1.3 Material,6.1.4 Size, and6.1.5 Gaff type (pole or tree).6.2 The listing of equipment, types, and sizes is not intendedto mean that all shall necessari

33、ly be available from themanufacturer; this listing signifies only that, if made, theequipment, types, and sizes shall conform to the details of thesespecifications.7. Pole and Tree Climbers7.1 Sizes:7.1.1 Type A shall be available in sizes from 14 to 22 in.(355.6 to 558.8 mm) in12 in. (12.7 mm) grad

34、uations.7.1.2 Types B and C shall be available with the sizeadjustment capability of 1434 to 21 in. (374.7 to 533.4 mm) byincrements of14 in. (6.4 mm).7.1.3 Adjustable climbers shall be equipped with positivelocking, length-adjusting sections that can be double lockedsecurely to the leg iron, permit

35、ting full compliance withstandards established for fixed length climbers.7.2 Materials and PropertiesLeg irons shall be forged,utilizing forging-quality alloy steel or aluminum alloys. SAE4140, SAE 8630 and SAE 8640 steel alloys with quenched andtempered structure, and 2014 T6 aluminum alloy are rec

36、om-mended. Other steel and aluminum alloys having propertieslisted in Table 1 are acceptable.7.3 ProcessingManufacturers shall use a heat treatment toprovide the required characteristics of the climber. The finishedtemperature of the forging shall be at the critical temperature ofthe material used.

37、Cold working or overheating shall beavoided. Scaling, pitting, and surface decarbonization shall beremoved on the inside critical section of the leg iron from 2 in.(50.8 mm) below the gaff to 6 in. (152.4 mm) above the gaff(see Fig. 3).7.4 DesignThe design of the leg iron shall be such that themaxim

38、um tensile stress at the point subjected to a fluctuatingbending force of 300 lbf (1.34 kN) applied to the center of thestirrup section of the leg iron with sleeve in position shall be asindicated in the table below. The climber shall be held in theclimbing position by the gaff and at the top of the

39、 climber withthe sleeve extended to provide a 16 in. (406.4 mm) length.Leg Iron Max Tensile Stress, psi (MPa)Type ASteel 27 000 (185)Type BAluminum 9 000 (60)7.5 FinishLeg irons shall be free of surface cracks andseams. All steel leg irons shall be finished with a rust-resistantcoating.7.6 Inspectio

40、n, Marking, and Testing:7.6.1 All climbers shall be subjected to careful inspectionby the manufacturer. When requested, the manufacturer shallprovide certification that the climbers meet all requirements setforth in these specifications.7.6.2 Completed leg irons shall be permanently marked bythe man

41、ufacturer with the manufacturers name, size (if fixedsize), right or left, and the year of manufacture.8. Climber Gaffs8.1 SizesPole gaffs shall measure at least 1716 in. (36.5mm) on the underside. Tree gaffs shall measure not more than312 in. (88.9 mm), nor less than 214 in. (57.2 mm) on theundersi

42、de. Gaff design shall be as shown in Fig. 4.8.2 MaterialAll gaffs shall be forged of forging-qualitysteel having the properties listed in Table 2.8.3 Finish:TABLE 1 Properties of Steel and Aluminum Alloys Acceptablefor ClimbersFor Fixed GaffClimbersFor ReplaceableGaff ClimbersASteel:Elongation in 2

43、in. (5 cm), min 14 % 14 %Hardness 23 to 38 HRC 32 to 40 HRC243 to 353HBB300 to 375 HBBYield strength, min, psi (MPa) 118 000 (815) 130 000 (895)Aluminum:Elongation in 2 in. (5 cm), min . 10 %Hardness . 125 to 140 HBBYield Strength, min, psi (MPa) . 65 000 (450)AData from Federal Specification RR-C-4

44、30 C.BBrinell hardness number with 3000-kg load, 10-mm ball.F88705e138.3.1 All fins or burrs shall be removed from the cuttingedges of gaff.8.3.2 All gaffs shall be finished with a rust-resistant coating.8.4 Inspection:8.4.1 All gaffs shall be subjected to careful inspection by themanufacturer. When

45、 requested, the manufacturer shall certifythat the gaffs meet all requirements set forth in these specifi-cations.8.4.2 The size and shape of gaffs shall be checked with agauge available from the same manufacturer.NOTE 1Replaceable gaffs, whether pole or tree, fit only the climberiron of the particu

46、lar manufacturer.9. Climber Straps9.1 SizesClimber straps shall be a minimum of 1 in. (25.4mm) in width and18 in. (3.18 mm) in thickness. The lengthshall be not less than 22 in. (55.9 cm) for the calf strap, or 24FIG. 3 Critical Stress Area of the ClimberNOTE 1Degree of angle of the gaff, measured a

47、s shown, shall range from 11 to 17, and the point of the gaff shall be a minimum of38 in. (9.6 mm)above the lowest point of the leg iron stirrup. Tree gaffs are excluded from this requirement. The inside flat surface of the gaff at the tip shall be finishedwith a radius of approximately14 in. (6.4 m

48、m) in accordance with the gage profile.FIG. 4 Gaff DesignTABLE 2 Properties of Steel Alloy Acceptable for GaffsElongation in 2 in. (5 cm), min 12 %Hardness (tip) 45 to 55 HRCA421 to 546 HBBYield strength, psi (MPa) 212 000 (1460)AThere may be a variation of no more than three points in the RockwellH

49、ardness readings taken from the tip of the gaff to a point 114 in. (3.2 cm) backfrom the tip on the fixed gaff climber, 1 in. (2.5 cm) from the tip on replaceable gaffclimbers.BBrinell hardness number with 3000-kg load, 10-mm ball.F88705e14in. (61 cm) for the one-piece ankle strap. Two-piece anklestraps shall be not less than 24 in. (61 cm) in length.9.2 Material and Properties:9.2.1 Leather used in the manufacture of climber straps shallbe top grain cowhide and shall have a breaking strength of notless than 450 lbf/in. (78.9 kN/m)