ASTM F887-2011 Standard Specifications for Personal Climbing Equipment《个人用攀登设备的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F887 11Standard Specifications forPersonal Climbing Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses i

2、ndicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers the specifications and qualificationtesting of the following:Climbers,Climber straps,Climber Pads,Climber Footplates,Body Belts,Positioning

3、 Devices with Locking Snaphooks/Carabiners,Wood Pole Fall Restriction Devices (WPFRD),Harnesses,Shock Absorbing Lanyards.These devices are used by workers in the climbing of poles,trees, towers, and other structures. Minimum performancecriteria for arc resistance of harnesses and shock absorbinglany

4、ards are included for workers who may be exposed tothermal hazards of momentary electric arcs or flame.1.2 Three types of climbers, Types A, B, and C, and twotypes of climber straps, Types A and B, are covered.1.3 Two types of body belts, Types A and B, are covered.1.4 Four types of positioning devi

5、ces: three positioningstraps, Types A, B, and C, and adjustable positioning lanyardsare covered.1.5 Two types of WPFRD, Types A and AB, are covered.1.6 Two types of harnesses, Types A and B, are covered.1.7 Two types of shock absorbing lanyards, Types A and B,are covered.1.8 The values stated in inc

6、h-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portions, 9.2, 10.3, 11.2, 14.4, 15.3, 15

7、.4, 19.2,22.2, 23, 24, and 25 of these specifications: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regu

8、latory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusF1891 Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant RainwearF1958/F1958M Test Method for Determining the Ignitabil-ity of Non-flame-Resistant Materials for Clothing by Elec-tri

9、c Arc Exposure Method Using Mannequins2.2 ANSI Standard:3Z359.0-2009 Definitions and Nomenclature Used for FallProtection and Fall ArrestZ359.1 Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Sys-tems, Subsystems and ComponentsZ359.13-2009 Personal Energy Absorbers and Energy Ab-sorbing Lanyards3. Term

10、inology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adjustable positioning lanyard (APL), na compo-nent of a work positioning or fall restriction system (may beused for applications such as transitioning past an obstructionduring ascent or descent).3.1.2 billet, nthe free (buckle hole) e

11、nd of a belt or strapas opposed to the buckle end, which is designed to passthrough the buckle for closing.3.1.3 body belt attachment, na system of straps andbuckles which allow the harness wearer to use a body belt inconjunction with the harness.3.1.4 climber, ndevice used to assist in ascending an

12、ddescending wood poles or trees. Climbers generally consist ofleg iron, gaff, sleeves, straps and pads.3.1.5 dee-ring, D-ring, na steel straight-sided (no protru-sions along edge of dee-ring; see Fig. 1) forging in a circle1These specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElec

13、trical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment.Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F887 10a. DOI:10.1520/F0887-11.2For referen

14、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the American National Standards Institute, ANSI, 25 W. 43

15、rdSt., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.configuration with an integral stirrup to accept the belt,assembled into a body belt for the purpose of accepting thesnaphooks of a positioning devi

16、ce.3.1.6 design test, nfor arc and flame resistant materials,one made on a sample treated as representative of an industrialproduct; these tests will not generally be repeated in quantityproduction.3.1.7 dripping, nin electric arc testing, a material re-sponse evidenced by flowing of the fiber polym

17、er, the fabric, orthe fabric coating, and the evidence of droplets from thematerial, that characterizes overall performance relative toreducing the transfer of heat that is sufficient to cause asecond-degree burn.3.1.8 electric arc ignition, nas related to electric arcexposure, a response that cause

18、s the ignition of the materialwhich is accompanied by heat and light, and then subsequentburning for at least 5 s, or consumption of at least 25 % of theexposed test specimen area.3.1.9 fall arrest, nthe action or event of stopping a freefall or the instant where the downward free fall has beenstopp

19、ed. (See ANSI Z359.0-2009.)3.1.10 fall restriction, nthe act of preventing or limitingfree fall from a work position, or while ascending or descend-ing a wood pole.3.1.11 full body harness, na component with a design ofstraps which is fastened about the person in a manner so as tocontain the torso a

20、nd distribute the fall arrest forces over atleast the upper thighs, pelvis, chest, and shoulders with meansfor attaching it to other components or sub-systems.3.1.12 gaff, na component of a pole or tree climberattached to the climber shank, similar to a spur, which isshaped to permit the secure pene

21、tration of the pole or treetrunk.3.1.13 keeper, na component of the snaphook, used as alatching device and held in a closed position by a spring (seeFig. 2).3.1.14 leg iron, na component of a pole or tree climber.The base or frame of the climber consisting of a shank andstirrup section. (see Fig. 3

22、for illustration of a leg iron withattached gaff and sleeve).3.1.15 length adjusting device (LAD), na device designedto add or take up slack in an adjustable positioning lanyard sothat the system will accommodate various circumferences.3.1.16 locking mechanism, na component of thesnaphook used in co

23、njunction with the keeper to retain thekeeper in a closed position until intentionally released andopened. A snaphook thus equipped, becomes a “lockingsnaphook.”3.1.17 locking snaphook, na snaphook with a lockingmechanism (see 3.1.16).3.1.18 nose, nthe curved end of the snaphook which thekeeper rest

24、s on. It is rounded and overlaps the keeper latch insuch a manner as to prevent the dee-ring from inadvertentlyreleasing the snaphook (see Fig. 2).3.1.19 part (body belt), load-bearing, na part of the bodybelt or positioning strap that, when in use with both snaphooksof the positioning strap engaged

25、 in one dee-ring of the bodybelt, will be required to support all or part of the mass of theuser. This includes all the material in the positioning strap, and,in the case of the body belt, the material to which the dee-ringsFIG. 1 Typical Dee-RingFIG. 2 Components of Positioning StrapF887 112are dir

26、ectly fastened, and the material of the buckle strap thatpasses across the wearers abdomen.3.1.19.1 DiscussionThis definition and the strength re-quirements described in 15.3.2 are designed to ensure that thebuckle strap is strong enough to withstand certain emergencyconditions, but are not to be co

27、nstrued as approval of attachingboth snaphooks to the same dee-ring when working aloft.OSHA Subpart M (1926.502) prohibits working with twoload-bearing snaphooks in the same dee-ring unless snaphooksare of the locking type and designed for such application.3.1.20 part (harness), load bearing, na com

28、ponent of aharness to which arrest forces are directly transmitted in theevent of a fall.3.1.21 permanent deformation, na deformation occurringbeyond the yield point so that the structure will not return to itsoriginal dimensions after removal of the applied force.3.1.22 protector, gaff, na cap or g

29、uard designed to coverthe points of pole or tree gaffs to protect the gaffs from damageor from injuring people or from damaging equipment.3.1.23 shock absorbing lanyard, na lanyard containing acomponent whose primary function is to dissipate energy andlimit deceleration forces which the system impos

30、es on the bodyduring fall arrest.3.1.24 stirrup, climber, nthe footrest of the pole or treeclimber.3.1.25 stirrup, snaphook/dee-ring, nthe closed rectangu-lar portion of the positioning strap snaphook, or body beltdee-ring (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), that accepts the strap or beltmaterial in a permanen

31、t manner.3.1.26 wood pole fall restriction device (WPFRD), nadevice that when properly adjusted and combined with othersubcomponents and elements, allows the climber to remain athis or her work position with both hands free, and thatperforms a fall restriction function if the climber loses contactbe

32、tween his or her gaffs and the pole.3.1.27 work positioning, nthe act of supporting the bodywith a positioning system for the purpose of working withhands free. (See ANSI Z359.0-2009.)4. Significance and Use4.1 The following personal tools or equipment covered bythese specifications are:4.1.1 Climbe

33、rs and climber straps used to ascend anddescend poles and trees.4.1.2 Body belts and positioning devices utilized for workpositioning on poles, ladders, or structures.4.1.3 WPRFD and adjustable positioning lanyards are usedas components of a work positioning and fall restriction systemand utilized i

34、n conjunction with a body belt.4.1.4 Full body harnesses and shock absorbing lanyardsutilized in preventing and arresting falls.4.2 Test methods included in these specifications are in-tended to provide uniform test procedures.4.3 Snaphooks (non-locking)(not permitted by this stan-dard).4.3.1 Lockin

35、g snaphooks (required by this standard) manu-factured to meet the requirements of these specifications,effectively prevent rollout from occurring and are able to beoperated with one hand when working aloft.4.4 Illustrations are furnished only to amplify the text. Theyare not to be considered restric

36、tive as to specific design details,except where so stated.4.5 Except for the restrictions set forth in these specifica-tions because of design limitations, the use and maintenance ofthis equipment is beyond the scope of the standard.FIG. 3 Critical Stress Area of the ClimberF887 1134.5.1 For this ty

37、pe of protective equipment, it is commonpractice and the responsibility of the manufacturer to provideinstructions regarding proper use, care and maintenance of theequipment and for the users employer to provide training inand procedures for the safe use of such equipment.POLE AND TREE CLIMBERS5. Cl

38、assification5.1 Climbers covered under these specifications shall bedesignated as Type A, B, or C, as follows:5.1.1 Type AFixed length, non-adjustable, with perma-nently attached gaffs.5.1.2 Type BAdjustable length, with permanently at-tached gaffs.5.1.3 Type CAdjustable length, with replaceable and

39、 in-terchangeable gaffs (that is, pole to tree).5.2 Climber straps covered under these specifications shallbe designated as Type A or B, as follows:5.2.1 Type AOne-piece straps that pass through the loopsor rings on climbers and buckle one end to the other.5.2.2 Type BTwo-piece ankle or bottom strap

40、s made sothat each section can be attached to the climber ring, leavingthe buckle end free to engage with the free billet end of theother piece.6. Ordering Information6.1 Orders for equipment under this specification shallinclude the following information:6.1.1 Nomenclature,6.1.2 Type,6.1.3 Material

41、,6.1.4 Size, and6.1.5 Gaff type (pole or tree).6.2 The listing of equipment, types, and sizes is not intendedto mean that all shall necessarily be available from themanufacturer; this listing signifies only that, if made, theequipment, types, and sizes shall conform to the details of thesespecificat

42、ions.7. Pole and Tree Climbers7.1 Sizes:7.1.1 Type A shall be available in sizes from 14 to 22 in.(355.6 to 558.8 mm) in12 in. (12.7 mm) graduations.7.1.2 Types B and C shall be available with the sizeadjustment capability of 1434 to 21 in. (374.7 to 533.4 mm) byincrements of14 in. (6.4 mm).7.1.3 Ad

43、justable climbers shall be equipped with positivelocking, length-adjusting sections that can be double lockedsecurely to the leg iron, permitting full compliance withstandards established for fixed length climbers.7.2 Materials and PropertiesLeg irons shall be manufac-tured utilizing quality alloy s

44、teel, aluminum or titanium alloys.SAE 4140, SAE 8630 and SAE 8640 steel alloys withquenched and tempered structure, 2014 T6 aluminum alloy andTi6AL4V titanium alloy are recommended. Other steel, alumi-num and titanium alloys having properties listed in Table 1 areacceptable.7.3 ProcessingIf required

45、, manufacturers shall use a heattreatment to provide the required characteristics of the leg iron.Overheating shall be avoided. Scaling, pitting, and surfacedecarbonization shall be removed on the inside critical sectionof the leg iron from 2 in. (50.8 mm) below the gaff to 6 in.(152.4 mm) above the

46、 gaff (see Fig. 3).7.4 DesignThe design of the climber shall be such that themaximum tensile stress at the point where maximum stressoccurs when subjected to a fluctuating bending force of 300 lbf(1.34 kN) applied to the center of the stirrup section withsleeve in position shall be as indicated in t

47、he table below. Theclimber shall be held in the climbing position by the gaff andat the top of the climber with the sleeve extended to provide a16 in. (406.4 mm) length.Leg Iron Max Tensile Stress, psi (MPa)Type ASteel 27 000 (185)Type BAluminum 9 000 (60)Type CTitanium 27 000 (185)7.5 FinishLeg iro

48、ns shall be free of surface cracks andseams. All steel leg irons shall be finished with a rust-resistantcoating.7.6 Testing, Inspection and Marking:7.6.1 Testing:7.6.1.1 Deformation TestThe purpose for this test is to aidin the elimination of climber failure in the event it is used in anunusual mann

49、er such as descending a pole with large steps.Theclimber shall be held rigidly in the climbing position with thetop of the shank parallel to a mounting fixture, the stirrup freelysuspended and perpendicular to the fixture. The climberequipped with a pole gaff must also be mounted at the gaff tipin a rigid surface to prevent gaff penetration. Gradually applya static load of 750 lbf (3.3 kN) at the center of the stirrup andparallel to the fixture and hold for 3 min. Maximum deforma-tion through any part of the climber shall not exceed 0