ASTM F887-2012 Standard Specifications for Personal Climbing Equipment.pdf

1、Designation: F887 11 F887 12Standard Specifications forPersonal Climbing Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F887; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard covers the specifications and qualification testing of the following:Climbers,Climber straps,Climber Pads,Climber Footplates,Body Belt

3、s,Positioning Devices with Locking Snaphooks/Carabiners,Wood Pole Fall Restriction Devices (WPFRD),Harnesses,Shock Absorbing Lanyards.These devices are used by workers in the climbing of poles, trees, towers, and other structures. Minimum performance criteriafor arc resistance of harnesses and shock

4、 absorbing lanyards are included for workers who may be exposed to thermal hazards ofmomentary electric arcs or flame.1.2 Three types of climbers, Types A, B, and C, and two types of climber straps, Types A and B, are covered.1.3 Two types of body belts, Types A and B, are covered.1.4 Four types of

5、positioning devices: three positioning straps, Types A, B, and C, and adjustable positioning lanyards arecovered.1.5 Two types of WPFRD, Types A and AB, are covered.1.6 Two types of harnesses, Types A and B, are covered.1.7 Two types of shock absorbing lanyards, Types A and B, are covered.1.8 The va

6、lues stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, 9.2, 10.3,

7、 11.2, 14.4, 15.3, 15.4, 19.2, 22.2,23, 24, and 25 of these specifications:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated withits use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine th

8、eapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusF1891 Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant RainwearF1958/F1958M Test Method for Determining the Ignitability of Non-flame-Resistant Materials fo

9、r Clothing by Electric ArcExposure Method Using Mannequins2.2 ANSI Standard:3Z359.0-2009 Definitions and Nomenclature Used for Fall Protection and Fall ArrestZ359.1 Safety Requirements for Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Subsystems and ComponentsZ359.13-2009 Personal Energy Absorbers and Energy Absorb

10、ing Lanyards3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 adjustable positioning lanyard (APL), na component of a work positioning or fall restriction system (ma

11、y be used forapplications such as transitioning past an obstruction during ascent or descent).3.1.2 billet, nthe free (buckle hole) end of a belt or strap as opposed to the buckle end, which is designed to pass through thebuckle for closing.3.1.3 body belt attachment, na system of straps and buckles

12、 which allow the harness wearer to use a body belt in conjunctionwith the harness.3.1.4 climber, ndevice used to assist in ascending and descending wood poles or trees. Climbers generally consist of leg iron,gaff, sleeves, straps and pads.3.1.5 dee-ring, D-ring, na steel straight-sided (no protrusio

13、ns along edge of dee-ring; see Fig. 1) forging in a circleconfiguration with an integral stirrup to accept the belt, assembled into a body belt for the purpose of accepting the snaphooks ofa positioning device.3.1.6 design test, n for arc and flame resistant materials, one made on a sample treated a

14、s representative of an industrialproduct; these tests will not generally be repeated in quantity production.3.1.7 dripping, nin electric arc testing, a material response evidenced by flowing of the fiber polymer, the fabric, or the fabriccoating, and the evidence of droplets from the material, that

15、characterizes overall performance relative to reducing the transfer ofheat that is sufficient to cause a second-degree burn.3.1.8 electric arc ignition, nas related to electric arc exposure, a response that causes the ignition of the material which isaccompanied by heat and light, and then subsequen

16、t burning for at least 5 s, or consumption of at least 25 % of the exposed testspecimen area.3.1.9 fall arrest, nthe action or event of stopping a free fall or the instant where the downward free fall has been stopped. (SeeANSI Z359.0-2009.)3.1.10 fall restriction, nthe act of preventing or limiting

17、 free fall from a work position, or while ascending or descending awood pole.3.1.11 full body harness, na component with a design of straps which is fastened about the person in a manner so as to containthe torso and distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the upper thighs, pelvis, chest, an

18、d shoulders with means for attachingit to other components or sub-systems.3.1.12 gaff, na component of a pole or tree climber attached to the climber shank, similar to a spur, which is shaped to permitthe secure penetration of the pole or tree trunk.3.1.13 keeper, na component of the snaphook, used

19、as a latching device and held in a closed position by a spring (see Fig.2).3.1.14 leg iron, na component of a pole or tree climber. The base or frame of the climber consisting of a shank and stirrupsection. (see Fig. 3 for illustration of a leg iron with attached gaff and sleeve).3.1.15 length adjus

20、ting device (LAD), na device designed to add or take up slack in an adjustable positioning lanyard so thatthe system will accommodate various circumferences.1 These specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct respo

21、nsibility of SubcommitteeF18.15 on Worker Personal Equipment.Current edition approved April 1, 2011Oct. 15, 2012. Published April 2011December 2012. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 asF887 10a.F887 11. DOI: 10.1520/F0887-11.10.1520/F0887-12.2 For referenced AST

22、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from the American National Standards Institute, ANSI, 25 W. 43rd S

23、t., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.FIG. 1 Typical Dee-RingF887 1223.1.16 locking mechanism, na component of thesnaphook used in conjunction with the keeper to retain the keeper in a closed position until intentionally released and opened. Asnaphook thus equipped, becomes a “locking snaphook.”3.1.17 l

24、ocking snaphook, na snaphook with a locking mechanism (see 3.1.16).3.1.18 nose, nthe curved end of the snaphook which the keeper rests on. It is rounded and overlaps the keeper latch in sucha manner as to prevent the dee-ring from inadvertently releasing the snaphook (see Fig. 2).3.1.19 part (body b

25、elt), load-bearing, na part of the body belt or positioning strap that, when in use with both snaphooks ofthe positioning strap engaged in one dee-ring of the body belt, will be required to support all or part of the mass of the user. Thisincludes all the material in the positioning strap, and, in t

26、he case of the body belt, the material to which the dee-rings are directlyfastened, and the material of the buckle strap that passes across the wearers abdomen.3.1.19.1 DiscussionFIG. 2 Components of Positioning StrapFIG. 3 Critical Stress Area of the ClimberF887 123This definition and the strength

27、requirements described in 15.3.2 are designed to ensure that the buckle strap is strong enough towithstand certain emergency conditions, but are not to be construed as approval of attaching both snaphooks to the same dee-ringwhen working aloft. OSHA Subpart M (1926.502) prohibits working with two lo

28、ad-bearing snaphooks in the same dee-ring unlesssnaphooks are of the locking type and designed for such application.3.1.20 part (harness), load bearing, na component of a harness to which arrest forces are directly transmitted in the event ofa fall.3.1.21 permanent deformation, na deformation occurr

29、ing beyond the yield point so that the structure will not return to itsoriginal dimensions after removal of the applied force.3.1.22 protector, gaff, na cap or guard designed to cover the points of pole or tree gaffs to protect the gaffs from damage orfrom injuring people or from damaging equipment.

30、3.1.23 shock absorbing lanyard, na lanyard containing a component whose primary function is to dissipate energy and limitdeceleration forces which the system imposes on the body during fall arrest.3.1.24 stirrup, climber, nthe footrest of the pole or tree climber.3.1.25 stirrup, snaphook/dee-ring, n

31、the closed rectangular portion of the positioning strap snaphook, or body belt dee-ring(see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), that accepts the strap or belt material in a permanent manner.3.1.26 wood pole fall restriction device (WPFRD), na device that when properly adjusted and combined with othersubcomponents a

32、nd elements, allows the climber to remain at his or her work position with both hands free, and that performs afall restriction function if the climber loses contact between his or her gaffs and the pole.3.1.27 work positioning, nthe act of supporting the body with a positioning system for the purpo

33、se of working with hands free.(See ANSI Z359.0-2009.)4. Significance and Use4.1 The following personal tools or equipment covered by these specifications are:4.1.1 Climbers and climber straps used to ascend and descend poles and trees.4.1.2 Body belts and positioning devices utilized for work positi

34、oning on poles, ladders, or structures.4.1.3 WPRFD and adjustable positioning lanyards are used as components of a work positioning and fall restriction system andutilized in conjunction with a body belt.4.1.4 Full body harnesses and shock absorbing lanyards utilized in preventing and arresting fall

35、s.4.2 Test methods included in these specifications are intended to provide uniform test procedures.4.3 Snaphooks (non-locking)(not permitted by this standard).4.3.1 Locking snaphooks (required by this standard) manufactured to meet the requirements of these specifications, effectivelyprevent rollou

36、t from occurring and are able to be operated with one hand when working aloft.4.4 Illustrations are furnished only to amplify the text. They are not to be considered restrictive as to specific design details,except where so stated.4.5 Except for the restrictions set forth in these specifications bec

37、ause of design limitations, the use and maintenance of thisequipment is beyond the scope of the standard.4.5.1 For this type of protective equipment, it is common practice and the responsibility of the manufacturer to provideinstructions regarding proper use, care and maintenance of the equipment an

38、d for the users employer to provide training in andprocedures for the safe use of such equipment.POLE AND TREE CLIMBERS5. Classification5.1 Climbers covered under these specifications shall be designated as Type A, B, or C, as follows:5.1.1 Type AFixed length, non-adjustable, with permanently attach

39、ed gaffs.5.1.2 Type BAdjustable length, with permanently attached gaffs.5.1.3 Type CAdjustable length, with replaceable and interchangeable gaffs (that is, pole to tree).5.2 Climber straps covered under these specifications shall be designated as Type A or B, as follows:5.2.1 Type AOne-piece straps

40、that pass through the loops or rings on climbers and buckle one end to the other.5.2.2 Type BTwo-piece ankle or bottom straps made so that each section can be attached to the climber ring, leaving thebuckle end free to engage with the free billet end of the other piece.6. Ordering Information6.1 Ord

41、ers for equipment under this specification shall include the following information:6.1.1 Nomenclature,F887 1246.1.2 Type,6.1.3 Material,6.1.4 Size, and6.1.5 Gaff type (pole or tree).6.2 The listing of equipment, types, and sizes is not intended to mean that all shall necessarily be available from th

42、emanufacturer; this listing signifies only that, if made, the equipment, types, and sizes shall conform to the details of thesespecifications.7. Pole and Tree Climbers7.1 Sizes:7.1.1 Type A shall be available in sizes from 14 to 22 in. (355.6 to 558.8 mm) in 12 in. (12.7 mm) graduations.7.1.2 Types

43、B and C shall be available with the size adjustment capability of 1434 to 21 in. (374.7 to 533.4 mm) by incrementsof 14 in. (6.4 mm).7.1.3 Adjustable climbers shall be equipped with positive locking, length-adjusting sections that can be double locked securelyto the leg iron, permitting full complia

44、nce with standards established for fixed length climbers.7.2 Materials and PropertiesLeg irons shall be manufactured utilizing quality alloy steel, aluminum or titanium alloys. alloysshall meet the performance requirements of this standard. SAE 4140, SAE 8630 and SAE 8640 steel alloys with quenched

45、andtempered structure, 2014 T6 aluminum alloy and Ti6AL4V titanium alloy are recommended. Other steel, aluminum and titaniumalloys having properties listed in Table 1 are acceptable.7.2.1 Materials other than those stated herein are permitted only when it can be demonstrated by testing that all appl

46、icableperformance requirements of this standard are met and that the durability, reliability and other properties pertinent to the intendeduses have been evaluated and determined suitable by testing. Any restrictions on the use of such leg irons shall be marked on theleg iron.7.3 ProcessingIf requir

47、ed, manufacturers shall use a heat treatment to provide the required characteristics of the leg iron.Overheating shall be avoided. Scaling, pitting, and surface decarbonization shall be removed on the inside critical section of theleg iron from 2 in. (50.8 mm) below the gaff to 6 in. (152.4 mm) abov

48、e the gaff (see Fig. 3).7.4 DesignThe design of the climber shall be such that the maximum tensile stress at the point where maximum stress occurswhen subjected to a fluctuating bending force of 300 lbf (1.34 kN) applied to the center of the stirrup section with sleeve in positionshall be as indicat

49、ed in the table below. The climber shall be held in the climbing position by the gaff and at the top of the climberwith the sleeve extended to provide a 16 in. (406.4 mm) length.Leg Iron Max Tensile Stress, psi (MPa)Type ASteel 27 000 (185)Type BAluminum 9 000 (60)Type CTitanium 27 000 (185)7.5 FinishLeg irons shall be free of surface cracks and seams. All steel leg irons shall be finished with a rust-resistant coating.7.6 Testing, Inspection and Marking:7.6.1 Testing:TABLE 1 Properties of Steel and Aluminum Alloys AcceptableTypi