1、Designation: F903 10F903 17Standard Test Method forResistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing toPenetration by Liquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONWorkers involved in the production, use, and transportation of liquid chemicals can be exposed tonumerous c
3、ompounds capable of causing harm upon contact with the human body. The deleteriouseffects of these chemicals can range from acute trauma such as skin irritation and burn to chronicdegenerative disease, such as cancer. Since engineering controls may not eliminate all possibleexposures, attention is o
4、ften placed on reducing the potential for direct skin contact through the useof protective clothing that resists permeation, penetration, and degradation.This test method determines resistance to of protective clothing materials, seams, and closures toliquid penetration only. Resistance to permeatio
5、n and of protective clothing materials to permeationis determined by Test Method F739 or F1383degradation should be determined by other test methodsWhile degradation resistance is not directly determined by this test method, the degradation of amaterial can be a contributing factor to the observed p
6、enetration of a liquid.Test Method F1359 assesses the liquid penetration of full protective clothing items or ensembles ofclothing and equipment.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to test specimens of protective clothing and candidate materials and constructions to be used inmaterials, assemblies
7、such as seams and closures, or interfaces used in the construction of protective clothing. The resistance tovisible penetration of the test liquid is determined with the liquid in continuous contact with the normally outside (exterior) surfaceof the test specimen.1.2 This test method includes differ
8、ent procedures for maintaining the liquid in contact with the test specimen in terms of thelength of exposure and the pressure applied. Suggestions are provided for how to select an appropriate procedure for liquid contact.1.3 In some cases, significant amounts of hazardous materials will permeate s
9、pecimens that pass the penetration tests. For moresensitive analysisanalyses use either Test Method F739 or F1383 to determine permeation.1.4 This test method does not address penetration of vapors through protective clothing materials.1.5 This test method is not applicable to non-planar protective
10、clothing materials, interfaces, or assemblies such as the fingertips or crotch areas of gloves, which are possible failure points.1.6 This test method does not address the liquid penetration resistance of full protective clothing items or ensembles. Use TestMethod F1359 for this purpose.1.7 The valu
11、es as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for informationonly.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropri
12、ate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommi
13、tteeF23.30 on Chemicals.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2010March 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 asF903 - 03F903 10.(2004). DOI: 10.1520/F0903-10.10.1520/F0903-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intende
14、d only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current
15、versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD3776
16、 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsF104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket MaterialsF739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of ContinuousContactF1359 T
17、est Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower SprayWhile on a MannequinF1383 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of IntermittentContact2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 1951 Standar
18、d on Protective Ensembles for Technical Rescue IncidentsNFPA 1952 Standard on Surface Water Operations Protective Clothing and EquipmentNFPA 1971 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire FightingNFPA 1991 Standard of Vapor-Protective Ensembles for Hazardous Ma
19、terials EmergenciesNFPA 1992 Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Ensembles and Clothing for Hazardous Materials Emergencies2.3 Military Standard:4MIL-STD-105E Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes2.4 ANSI/ASQ Standard:5ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspectio
20、n by Attributes2.5 ISO Standard:6ISO 2859-1 Sampling Plans for Inspection by Attributes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 degradation, na deleterious change in one or more properties of a material.3.1.2 penetration, nfor chemical protective clothing, the movement of substances through voids in apro
21、tective a protectiveclothing material or itemitems on a non-molecular level.3.1.2.1 DiscussionVoids include gaps, pores, holes, and imperfections in closures, seams, interfaces, and interfaces between protective clothingmaterials.items. Penetration does not require a change of state; solid chemicals
22、 move through voids in the material as solids, liquidsas liquids, and gases as gases. Penetration is a distinctly different mechanism from permeation.3.1.3 permeation, nfor chemical protective clothing, the movement of chemicals as molecules through protective clothingmaterial or items by the proces
23、ses of (1) absorption of the chemical into the contact surface of the material, (2) diffusion of theabsorbed molecules throughout the material, and (3) desorption of the chemical from the opposite surface of the material.3.1.3.1 DiscussionPermeation is a distinctly different mechanism from penetrati
24、on.penetration and does not require a void in the material to occur.3.1.4 protective clothing, nan item of clothing that is specifically designed and constructed for the intended purpose ofisolating all or part of the body from a potential hazard; or, isolating the external environment from contamin
25、ation by the wearerof the clothing.3.1.4.1 Discussion2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The re
26、taining screens listed are No. 9818T12, 9275T11 and 9218T12 respectively available from McMaster Carr Supply Co., P.O. Box 4335, Chicago, IL60680.Availablefrom National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4 Available from DLA Document Se
27、rvices, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.5 Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53203, http:/www.asq.org.6 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secret
28、ariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.F903 172The potential hazard addressed by this test method is penetration by liquids.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A protective clothing specimen is subjected to a liquid for a specified time and press
29、ure sequence and observed for placedin a specialized test cell where its normal exterior side is contacted by a liquid. The interior side of the specimen is open to viewingand is observed for evidence of visible penetration of the liquid. If the liquid passes through the specimen, the material fails
30、 thetest for resistance to penetration of the liquid.4.2 In the penetration test apparatus, the specimen acts as a partition separating the hazardous liquid chemical from the viewingside of the test cell.This test method provides different procedures for length of times and pressures applied by the
31、liquid duringits contact with the specimen. For most procedures, the observation of visible liquid penetration is indicated as a failing result. Inone procedure, the pressure is sequentially increased to specified levels and the test result is the specific pressure when visibleliquid penetration was
32、 observed. This test method also allows for other methods of liquid contact.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is normally used to evaluate the barrier effectiveness against liquids of materials used forpenetration ofliquids through materials, seams, closures, or other planar assemblies use
33、d in protective clothing and specimens from finished itemsof protective clothing.5.1.1 Finished items of protective clothing include gloves, arm shields,protectors, aprons, coveralls, suits, hoods, boots, and thelike.similar items.5.1.2 The phrase “specimens from finished items” encompasses seamed a
34、nd other discontinuous regions is permitted to includecontinuous regions of protective clothing items as well as the usual continuous seamed or other discontinuous regions of protectiveclothing items.clothing.5.1.3 The types of specimens are limited to those that are relatively flat (planar) that ar
35、e capable of being sealed in the test cellspecified in this test method without peripheral leakage.5.2 A substitute challenge liquid (for example, water) water or isopropanol) is appropriate in some cases. cases to generalizematerial penetration resistance to liquids. However, it is possible that di
36、fferences in chemical and molecular properties (forexample, surface tension) may lead to different results.5.3 In addition to the failure mode where a liquid finds a pathway for penetration through a void, imperfection, or defect inmaterial or clothing subassembly, some selected chemicals cause degr
37、adation of barrier material, film or coating leading topenetration over extended periods of contact.75.4 Five different procedures for how the specimen is exposed to the liquid are provided in Table 1. In this test method, allprocedures involve liquid exposure that is continuous over the duration of
38、 the test. These procedures entail different hydrostaticpressures and durations of liquid exposure.5.4.1 Procedures A, B, and C apply a set pressure (6.9 or 13.8 kPa 1 or 2 psig) for a specified period of time (1 or 10 min)over a 15- or 60-min liquid exposure time.5.4.2 Procedures A and B represent
39、the originally established methods of liquid contact developed by the National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health, where Procedure A involves the application of a test pressure (13.8 kPa 2 psig) that has beenfound to discriminate the liquid barrier performance of materials, while a lower pr
40、essure (6.9 kPa 1 psig) is used for ProcedureB to accommodate materials that exhibit ballooning or extension when the 13.8 kPa (2 psig) pressure is applied.8,9 Both proceduresentail exposure of the specimen for 5 min at ambient pressure followed by 10 min of exposure of the specimen to the test pres
41、sure.5.4.3 Procedure C was developed to account for potentially longer exposures where failure may also occur as the result ofmaterial or assembly degradation. Procedure C uses a 13.8 kPa (2 psig) test pressure for a portion of the test where the specimenis first exposed to the liquid at ambient pre
42、ssure for 5 min, followed by 1 min at 13.8 kPa (2 psig), and continuing for 54 additionalminutes at ambient pressure.5.4.4 Procedure D involves the sequential increase of pressure from ambient (0 kPa 0 psig) to 68.9 kPa (10 psig) in incrementsof 3.5 kPa (0.5 psig) in 1-min intervals until liquid pen
43、etration is observed at a specific test pressure. The time interval betweenchanges in pressure is set at 1 min to coincide with the time of applied pressure in Procedure C.5.4.5 Procedure E permits the test method user to specify the pressures and duration of the specimens exposure to the liquid.5.5
44、 Different results are reported by the different procedures.7 Stull, J. O., White, D. F., and Greimel, T. C., “A Comparison of the Liquid Penetration Test with Other Chemical Resistance Tests and its Application in Determiningthe Performance of Protective Clothing,” Performance of Protective Clothin
45、g: Fourth Volume,ASTM STP1133 (J. McBriarity and N. Henry, Eds.),ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA, 1992, pp. 123140.8 Mansdorf, S. Z., and Berardinelli, S. P., “Chemical Protective Clothing Standard Test Method Development,Development Part 1,1: Penetration Test Method,” AmericanIndustrial Hy
46、giene Association JournalAm. Ind. Hyg Assoc. J., , Vol 49, No. 1, 1988, pp. 2125.9 Berardinelli, S. P. and Cottingham, L. “Evaluation of Chemical Protective Garment Seams and Closures for Resistance to Liquid Penetration,” Performance of ProtectiveClothing, ASTM STP 900 (R. L. Barker and G. C. Colet
47、ta, Eds.), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1986, pp. 263275.F903 1735.5.1 Procedures A, B, and C results are reported as pass or fail for each replicate. Passing results indicate that no liquidpenetration was observed over the duration of the test exposure.5.5.2 Procedure D results are re
48、ported as the test pressure at which liquid penetration was observed for each replicate.5.6 The choice of pressure/time sequence and type of test result are dependent on the objectives of the testing.5.6.1 Procedure C is specified in several different National Fire Protection Association standards f
49、or establishing the minimumbarrier performance of protective clothing materials, seams, and closures of first responder protective clothing.5.6.2 Procedure D may be used when the pressure where penetration occurs is sought without a set pressure pass/fail criterion.Procedure D also has utility for assessing the robustness of protective clothing materials and assemblies as part of quality systems.It is also possible to use Procedure D to supplement the pass/fail results provided by Procedures A, B, and C.5.6.3 Procedure E permits setting a specific sequence
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