ASTM F963-2007e1 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety《消费者标准安全规范 玩具安全》.pdf

1、Designation: F 963 07e1An American National StandardStandard Consumer Safety Specification forToy Safety1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 963; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEParagraphs 4.39.1 and 5.17 were editorially corrected in June 2007.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this consumer safety specification i

3、s to establish nationally recognized safetyrequirements for toys. Although this specification will not eliminate the need for the exercise ofparental responsibility in selecting toys appropriate to the age of a child, or parental supervision insituations in which children of various ages may have ac

4、cess to the same toys, its application willminimize accidents in the normal, intended use and reasonably foreseeable abuse of the toys coveredby this specification. This specification was developed originally as a Voluntary Product Standardunder the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards, Depa

5、rtment of Commerce, and published in1976 (PS 7276). The present revision is intended to update the safety requirements to include thefollowing by reference: published federal mandatory requirements, relevant voluntary standards,certain new requirements for addressing potential hazards, and several t

6、echnical revisions based onproducer experience with the original standard.1. Scope1.1 This specification2relates to possible hazards that maynot be recognized readily by the public and that may beencountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended orafter reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does

7、not purport to coverevery conceivable hazard of a particular toy. This specificationdoes not cover product performance or quality, except asrelated to safety. Except for the labeling requirements pointingout the functional hazards and age range for which the toy isintended, this specification has no

8、 requirements for thoseaspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazardas part of the function of the toy. Such an example is a sharppoint necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is aninherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of atoy sewing kit, and this haza

9、rd is communicated to the user aspart of the normal educational process.1.2 On the other hand, while a riding toy has inherenthazards associated with its use (for example, falling off ontothe sidewalk), the possible hazards associated with its con-struction (sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) wi

10、ll beminimized by the application of this specification.1.3 This specification covers requirements and contains testmethods for toys intended for use by children under 14 years ofage. Different age limits for various requirements will be foundin this specification. These limits reflect the nature of

11、 thehazards and expected mental or physical ability, or both, of achild to cope with the hazards.1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows:BicyclesTricyclesSling shots and sharp-pointed dartsPlayground equipmentNon-powder gunsKitesHobby and craft items in which the finished item

12、is notprimarily of play valueModel kits in which the finished item is not primarily ofplay valueCrayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials inwhich the material itself or the finished item is notprimarily of play value, except that all art materials,whether or not a component of a toy,

13、must comply to1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.22 on Toy Safety.Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition

14、approved in 2003 as F 963 03.2Toy Industry Association, Inc. (TIA) sometimes provides its interpretations ofthis specification through its counsel as a service to its members and others. TheTIAs interpretations are not reviewed or approved byASTM and should be viewedas TIAs alone.1Copyright ASTM Int

15、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.LHAMA, in accordance with 4.30.1-4.30.3.Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment, mu-sical instruments, and furniture; however, toys that aretheir counterparts are covered. (It is recognized that

16、there is often a fine line between, for example, a musicalinstrument or a sporting item and its toy counterpart.The intention of the producer or distributor, as well asnormal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, deter-mines whether the item is a toy counterpart.)Powered models of aircraft, rockets,

17、 boats, and landvehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts arecovered.1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy pack-aging are contained in Annex A1.1.6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is con-tained in Annex A2.1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the foll

18、ow-ing sections:Title SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Safety Requirements 4Material Quality 4.1Flammability 4.2Toxicology 4.3Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4Sound Producing Toys 4.5Small Objects 4.6Accessible Edges 4.7Projections 4.8Accessible Points 4.9Wires or Rods 4.10Nails and Fast

19、eners 4.11Packaging Film 4.12Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.13Cords and Elastics in Toys 4.14Stability and Over-Load Requirements 4.15Confined Spaces 4.16Wheels, Tires, and Axles 4.17Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.18Simulated Protective Devices 4.19Pacifiers 4.20Projectile Toys

20、 4.21Teethers and Teething Toys 4.22Rattles 4.23Squeeze Toys 4.24Battery-Operated Toys 4.25Toys Intended to be Attached to a Cribor Playpen 4.26Toy Chests 4.27Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toys 4.28Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.29Art Materials 4.30Toy Gun Marking 4.31Balloons 4.32Certain Toys with Spheric

21、al Ends 4.33Marbles 4.34Balls 4.35Pompoms 4.36Hemispheric-Shaped Objects 4.37Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys 4.38Magnets 4.39Safety Labeling Requirements 5Instructional Literature 6Producers Markings 7Test Methods 8General 8.1Testing for Hazardous Substance Content 8.2Method to Dissolve Soluble Matter 8.3

22、Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative Effectiveness 8.4Normal Use Testing 8.5Abuse Testing 8.6Impact Tests 8.7Torque Tests for Removal of Components 8.8Tension Test for Removal of Components 8.9Compression Test 8.10Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel andAxle Assembly Removal 8.11Flexure Test 8

23、.12Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys 8.13Tests for Toy Chest Lids and Closures 8.14Projectiles 8.15Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys 8.16Stalled Motor Test for Battery-Operated Toys 8.18Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-On Toys 8.19Tests for Toys which Produce Noise 8.20Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ri

24、de-On Toys 8.21Packaging Film Thickness 8.22Test for Loops and Cords 8.23Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods 8.24Magnetic Flux Index 8.25Identification 9Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1Packaging and Shipping Annex A2Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribsor Playpens Annex A3Flammability Testin

25、g Procedure for Toys Annex A4Rationale Annex A51.8 The values stated first are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard do

26、es not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand

27、ards:3D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resis-tance of Shipping Containers, Components, and UnitLoadsD 880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD 999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shippi

28、ngContainersD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 3421 Practice for Extraction and Determination of Plas-ticizer Mixtures from Vinyl Chloride Plastics4D 4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for ChronicHealth HazardsD 5276 Test Method for D

29、rop Test of Loaded Containers byFree Fall3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.F96307e12

30、F 1313 Specification for Volatile N-Nitrosamine Levels inRubber Nipples on PacifiersF 1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Playground Equipment2.2 ANSI Standards:5C18.1 American National Standard for Dry Cells andBatteriesSpecificationsS1.4 Specification for Sound Level MetersZ315.

31、1 Safety Requirements for Tricycles2.3 Federal Standards:615 CFR 1150 Marking of Toys, Look-Alike and ImitationFirearms16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-cluding the following section

32、s:1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “flammable solid”1500.14(b) (8) Labeling of hazardous art materials1500.18 Banned toys and other banned articles intended foruse by children1500.19 Misbranded toys and other articles intended for useby children1500.44 Method for determining extremely flammable and

33、flammable solids1500.47 Method for determining the sound pressure levelproduced by toy caps1500.48 Technical requirements for determining a sharppoint in toys and other articles intended for use bychildren under 8 years of age1500.49 Technical requirements for determining a sharpmetal or glass edge

34、in toys and other articles intended foruse by children under 8 years of age1500.50-53 Test method for simulating use and abuse oftoys and other articles intended for use by children1500.83 Exemptions for small packages, minor hazards, andspecial circumstances1500.85 Exemptions from classification as

35、 banned hazard-ous substances1500.86 Exemptions from classification as a banned toy orother banned article for use by children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Years ofAge which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of S

36、mall Parts16 CFR 1505 Requirements for Electrically Operated Toysor Other Electrically Operated Articles Intended for Useby Children16 CFR 1510 Requirements for Rattles16 CFR 1511 Requirements for Pacifiers16 CFR 1610 Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-tiles21 CFR 110 Current Good Manufacturi

37、ng Practice inManufacturing, Processing, Packaging, or Holding Hu-man Food21 CFR 170-189 Food for Human Consumption21 CFR 700-740 Requirements for Specific Cosmetic Prod-ucts21 CFR 73, 74, 81, 82 Color Additives49 CFR 173.100, 109 Definition of Class C ExplosivesSS-T-312B Tile, Floor:Asphalt, Rubber

38、, Vinyl, VinylAsbes-tos72.4 ISO and IEC Standards:8ISO 3746:1995 AcousticsDetermination of Sound PowerLevels of Noise Sources Using Sound PressureSurveyMethod Using an Enveloping Measurement Surface Overa Reflecting PlaneISO 7779 AcousticsMeasurement ofAirborne Noise Emit-ted by Computer and Busines

39、s EquipmentISO 81241: 2000 Safety of Toys, SafetyAspects Related toMechanical and Physical PropertiesISO 11202 AcousticsNoise Emitted by Machinery andEquipmentMeasurement of Emission Sound PressureLevels at a Work Station and at Other SpecifiedPositionsSurvey Method in situISO 11204 AcousticsNoise E

40、mitted by Machinery andEquipmentMeasurement of Emission Sound PressureLevels at a Work Station and at Other SpecifiedPositionsMethod Requiring Environmental CorrectionsIEC 600862 Primary Batteries: Physical and ElectricalSpecificationsIEC 616721 ElectroacousticsSound Level MetersPart1: Specification

41、sIEC 616722 ElectroacousticsSound Level MetersPart2: Pattern Evaluation Tests3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 A-weighted sound pressure level (LpA)the soundpressure level obtained by using standardized A-weighting.3.1.2 accessible(part or component) describing a

42、ny areaof the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of thecollar of the accessibility probe as described in 16 CFR1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49. (See Fig. 1.)NOTE 1Dimensions are provided in Fig. 1 for two probes correspond-ing to two age ranges of children.3.1.3 alkaline batterya non-rechar

43、geable dry cell batterywith an alkaline manganese electrochemistry.3.1.4 aquatic toyan article, whether inflatable or not,intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrumentof play in shallow water. This does not include bath toys, beachballs, and United States Coast Guard-approved life s

44、avingdevices.3.1.5 art materialany substance marketed or representedby the producer or repackager as suitable for use in any phase5Electronic copy available from American National Standards Institute website:www.ansi.org; hard copies from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness WayEast, Englewood

45、, CO 80112.6Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission website:www.cpsc.gov or U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents;P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954; website: www.gpo.gov7Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. C

46、apitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.8Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.F96307e13of the creation of any work of visual or graphic art of any

47、medium. This definition includes items that become a compo-nent of the work of art such as paint, canvas, inks, crayons,chalk, solder, brazing rods, flux, paper, clay, stone, thread,cloth, and photographic film. It also includes items that areassociated closely with the creation of the final work of

48、 art suchas brushes, brush cleaners, solvents, ceramic kilns, silk screens,molds, mold making material, and photographic developingchemicals.3.1.6 ballany spherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal object that isdesigned or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped,or bounced. The term “ball” includ

49、es any spherical, ovoid, orellipsoidal object that is attached to a toy or article by means ofstring, elastic cord, or similar tether. The term “ball” alsoincludes any multisided object formed by connecting planesinto a generally spherical ovoid, or ellipsoidal shape that isdesignated or intended to be used as a ball. The term “ball”does not include dice, or balls permanently enclosed insidepinball machines, mazes, or similar outer containers. A ball ispermanently enclosed if, when tested in accordance with16 CFR 1500.53, it is not removed from the o