ASTM F2088-2013 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Swings《婴儿秋千的标准消费者安全规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F2088 12aF2088 13Standard Consumer Safety Specification forInfant Swings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses infant swing incidents identified by the U.S. ConsumerProduct Safety Commission (CPSC).In response

3、to incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the following: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3)entanglement in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes. This consumer safety specification isintended to cover normal

4、 use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant swings. Thisspecification does not cover swings that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each infant swing.This consumer safety specification is written within t

5、he current state-of-the-art of infant swingtechnology and will be updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitatesadditional requirements or justifies the revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requi

6、rements, test methods, and labeling requirements tominimize the hazards to infants presented by swings as identified in the introduction.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal use andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse

7、of infant swings. It is not intended to address all incidents and injuries resulting from theinteraction of other persons with the infant in the swing.1.3 No swing produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means,indicate compliance with th

8、is specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The fo

9、llowing precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate

10、 safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Standards:316 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Con

11、taining Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR Part 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

12、 F15.21on Infant Carriers, Bouncers and Baby Swings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Jan. 15, 2013. Published September 2012February 2013. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asF2088 12.F2088 12a. DOI: 10.1520/F2088-12A.10.1520/F2088-13.2 For referencedASTM stand

13、ards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Ca

14、pitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accu

15、rately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Sta

16、tes11500.48Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children UnderEight Years of Age1500.49Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-

17、.51Test Method for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR Part 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of AgeWhich Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts29 CFR

18、 1910.7 Definition and requirements for a nationally recognized testing laboratory2.3 Other Documents:CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)4CAMI Newborn Dummy (see Fig. 2)5UL 1310 Standard for Class 2 Power Units63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, n

19、a label which is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the infant swing but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 cradle swing, nan infant swing which is intended for use by a child lying flat.3.

20、1.3 dynamic load, napplication of impulsive force through free fall of a weight.3.1.4 infant swing, na stationary unit with a frame and powered mechanism that enables an infant to swing in a seatedposition. An infant swing is intended for use with infants from birth until a child is able to sit up u

21、nassisted.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position, that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows i

22、n a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.6 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.7 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that

23、is set up in one of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material which tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 static load, na vertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.4 Department of Transportation M

24、emorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, Revision II, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory, Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.5 Drawing numbers 126-0000 through 126-0015 (sheets 1 throu

25、gh 3), 126-0017 through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy”, and aconstruction manual entitled, “Construction of the Newborn Infant Dummy” (July 1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at NHTSAs Docket Section, 400 SeventhStreet, SW., Room 5109, Washington, DC

26、, or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.6 Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, WA 98607-8542, http:/.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark IIF2088 1323.1.10 structural component, nany load bearing member or pa

27、rt of the product that supports the weight or portion of theweight of the occupant.3.1.11 travel swing, na low profile, compact swing having a distance of 6 in. or less between the underside of the seat bottomand the support surface (floor) at any point in the seats range of motion.4. Calibration an

28、d Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with 18 in. (3 mm) thick vinyl floor covering, unlesstest instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No

29、testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hour priorto testing. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification s

30、hall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to the consumer safety specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as

31、defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of this testingto this specification.5.3 The paint and surface coating on the product shall comply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, Pi

32、nchingA product, when in the manufacturers recommended use position, shall be designed andconstructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotateabout a common axis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relat

33、ive to one another. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury could exist when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe greater than 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) andless than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts.5.6 OpeningsHoles or

34、slots that extend entirely though a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) thickand admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) and have a wall thick

35、ness less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm), but are limited in depthto 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shall be evaluated in allmanufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring which is accessible to t

36、he occupant, having or capable of generating a spacebetween coils of 0.210 in (5.33 mm) or greater during static load testing (see 7.3.2) shall be covered or otherwise designed toprevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp components between the thumb and forefinger,

37、 or teeth, (such as caps, sleeves,or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least a 0.040 in. (1.00 mm)gap between the component and its adjacent parent component, such component shall not be removed when tested in accordancewith 7.2.

38、FIG. 2 CAMI Newborn DummyF2088 1335.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels, (whether paper or non paper) shall be permanent when tested per 7.8.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,etc. shall be permanent when teste

39、d per 7.9.5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.10.5.10 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with an infant swing, as well as their means of attachment,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.5.10.1

40、Toy mobiles that attach solely to an infant swing are not required to contain labeling as stated in Consumer SafetySpecification F963, Section 5, Safety Labeling for Mobiles, and Section 6, Instructional Literature for Mobiles.5.10.2 Toy mobiles included with the swing that have toys within the reac

41、h of the occupant shall not detach rigid componentswhen tested in accordance with 7.12. Detachment of a soft toy only is not considered a failure.NOTE 1The intent is to exempt soft items that would not result in impact injury if the occupant was struck by that component. Examples are softfilled toys

42、, stuffed toys, and pliable toys.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Electrically Powered Swings (remote control devices are exempt from the requirements in 6.1):6.1.1 Each battery compartment or area immediately adjacent to the battery compartment shall be marked permanently andlegibly to show the corre

43、ct battery polarity, size, and voltage.6.1.2 Each battery compartment shall provide a means to contain the electrolytic material in the event of a battery leakage. Thiscontainment means shall not be accessible to the occupant.FIG. 3 Opening ExamplesF2088 1346.1.3 Positive protection from the possibi

44、lity of charging any primary (non-rechargeable) battery shall be achieved eitherthrough physical design of the battery compartment or through the use of appropriate electrical circuit design. This applies tosituations in which a battery may be installed incorrectly (reversed), and in which a battery

45、 charger may be applied to a productcontaining primary batteries. This section does not apply to a circuit having one or two batteries as the only source of power.6.1.4 The surfaces of any accessible electrical component, including batteries, shall not achieve temperatures exceeding 160F(71C) when t

46、ested in accordance with 7.1. At the conclusion of the test, there shall be no battery leakage or, explosion or a fireto any electrical component.This test shall be performed prior to conducting any other testing within the performance requirementssection.6.1.5 AC adapters supplied with the product

47、must denote compliance with the appropriate current national safety standard forAC adapters from a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL).AC adaptors must have a nominal output voltage less than30 VDC (42.4 VAC (peak) and must not be capable of delivering more than 8 amps into a variable re

48、sistive load for one minute.NOTE 2Refer to UL 1310 for Class II output definitions and evaluation.NOTE 3NRTLs are organizations recognized by OSHA in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.7 to test and certify equipment or materials (products)requiring approval by certain OSHA safety standards. A current list

49、 of NRTLs can be found at http:/www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl/nrtllist.html.6.2 Structural IntegrityAll tests that cover static and dynamic loading are to be performed sequentially on the same productand in the sequence listed in the standard without refurbishing or repositioning of adjustment, if any.6.2.1 Dynamic LoadThe swing shall support a dynamic load and there shall be no failure of seams, breakage of materials,or changes of adjustments that could cause the product to not fully support the child or create a hazardous