ASTM F2090-2008 Standard Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape (Egress) Release Mechanisms.pdf

1、Designation: F 2090 08Standard Specification forWindow Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape(Egress) Release Mechanisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis

2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses window fall prevention devices that protect againstpoten

3、tial falls by children aged five years and under through open windows. Window fall preventiondevices currently available include window opening control devices, window fall prevention screens,and some types of window guards. These devices use different strategies to prevent children fromfalling thro

4、ugh open windows. Window opening control devices restrict the size of the open area ofthe window so that it is too small for a young child to fall through. They do this by allowing thewindow opening to be set at a predetermined position. Window fall prevention screens and fallprevention window guard

5、s provide a barrier to prevent a child from falling through an open window.A special study2by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) indicates that youngchildren are at risk of death and serious injury from falls through open windows. Children aged fiveand younger account for a higher pe

6、rcentage of window fall fatalities and injuries.3Window fall prevention devices usually differ in purpose and application from security/burglar bars.The general purpose of a window fall prevention device is to prevent a child age five or younger fromfalling through an open window. The general purpos

7、e of a security bar is to prevent unlawful entrythrough a window. Generally window fall prevention devices and security bars are two separatedevices. However, a security bar could be used as a fall prevention device if it meets the requirementsof this specification.The CPSC has advised caregivers to

8、 open windows less than 4 in. when children are present as onemeans to prevent child falls through open windows. Window opening control devices provide a meansthat the window, when opened in an initial operation, will satisfy the CPSC recommendation to openless than 4 in.4The 4-in. dimension is draw

9、n from related building codes and standards for openingsin guardrail assemblies,5and is universally accepted as the appropriate dimension to prevent a childfrom passing through balcony or guard railing systems.An additional operation is required to open thewindow further. The additional operation mu

10、st be performed without the use of keys, tools, or specialknowledge. Security from forced entry is not within the scope of this standard and is not the intendedfunction of any of the devices referred to herein.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for devicesintended to address the

11、 risk of injury and death associated withaccidental falls through open windows by children five yearsold and younger.1.2 This specification is not intended to meet the uniquerequirements of Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA).1.3 This specification applies to window fall preventiondevices, includi

12、ng window opening control devices, windowfall prevention screens, and fall prevention window guards,that are to be used on any windows, including those that aredesignated for emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress).NOTE 1A separate safety specification, Safety Specification F 2006,covers wind

13、ow fall prevention devices for non-emergency escape (egress)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.38 onWindow Fall Prevention.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Original

14、lyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 2090 01a (2007).2U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study,conducted in 1991.3U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study,conducted in 1991 and “Window Safety: Data and Patterns Related

15、to Entrapmentsand Accidental Falls from Windows,” prepared by Andersen Corporation.Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may beobtained by requesting Research Report RR: F15-1002.4Consumer Product Safety Commission, “Preventing Window Falls,” Document#5124.5See NFPA 1

16、01, 2006 Edition, Section 7.2.2.4.5.3. Also see Section R312.2,guard opening limitations in the 2006 International Residential Code (IRC).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.and rescue (ingress) windows in installations m

17、ore than 75 ft6(23 m)above ground level in multiple family dwelling buildings since windowsat these heights are beyond the reach of rescue ladders currently in use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to

18、SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and to determine

19、the applicability of regula-tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:7F 977 Consumer Safety Specification for Infant WalkersF 1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPlayground Equipment for Public UseF 2006 Safety Specification for Window Fall PreventionDevi

20、ces for Non-Emergency Escape (Egress) and Rescue(Ingress) Windows2.2 Code of Federal Regualtions:816 CFR 1500.53 Test Methods for Simulating Use andAbuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Over 36 But Not Over 96 Months of Age, (f)(3)Testing Procedure16 CFR 1508.6(b) Requirements

21、 for Full-Size Baby CribsCPSC 16 CFR Chapter 11 (1-1-87 Edition) Part 1201 SafetyStandard for Architectural Glazing Materials2.3 ANSI Standards:9ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Instructions in Product Manu-als, Instructions and Other Collateral MaterialsANSI Z97

22、.1-1984 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Build-ings Safety Performance Specifications and Methods ofTest (Tempered Glass Impact Test)ANSI/BHMA A156.9 American National Standard forCabinet HardwareANSI/SMA 1201-2002 Specification for Insect Screens forWindows, Sliding Doors and Swinging Doors2.4 AAMA

23、 Standards:10AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/IS.2/A440-08 North AmericanFenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors,and SkylightsAAMA 902 Voluntary Specification for Sash Balances3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 aftermarket, adjreferring to a product or device that

24、is manufactured separately from a window but is intended to beused in conjunction with a window. For purposes of thisstandard, such a device is intended to be attached to or near awindow or its frame in order to prevent a young child frompassing or falling through the window when the window isopened

25、.3.1.2 emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress) win-dow, na window intended for emergency escape (egress) andrescue (ingress) during an emergency situation such as fire, gasleak, etc., as defined by the prevailing applicable building andfire codes.3.1.3 fall prevention window guard, ndevice de

26、signed tofit into or onto a window to prevent a child from passing orfalling through an open window. Typically mounted on theinterior frame of the window and includes side frames fastenedto the sides of a window frame and a plurality of spaced-apart,transverse, tubular, width-adjustable crosspiece e

27、lements toform a grid pattern between the side supports to preventpassage of a child.3.1.4 release mechanism for emergency escape (egress) andrescue (ingress) window fall prevention device, nmeans ofopening a window fall prevention screen or fall preventionwindow guard or releasing a window opening

28、control device toprovide a clear opening space for the purpose of emergencyescape or rescue.3.1.5 window, nan opening constructed in a wall or a roofto admit light or air, or both, to any enclosure.3.1.6 window fall, na fall through an open window.3.1.7 window fall prevention device, nany device in-

29、tended to prevent a young child from passing or falling throughan open window. Such a device may be an integral part of awindow, or may be attached to the window, its frame, or thearea around the window after the window has been installed.3.1.8 window fall prevention screen, nscreen device de-signed

30、 to fit into or onto a window to prevent a child frompassing or falling through an open window. Typically mountedon the exterior surface/frame of a sliding style window and onthe interior of a cranking style window and includes screeningmesh or material and attachment mechanism(s) of sufficientstren

31、gth to meet the performance requirements of this standardwhile preventing passage of a child.3.1.9 window opening control device, ndevice that limitsa window sash to be opened with normal operation of the sashsuch as to prohibit the free passage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm)diameter rigid sphere11at the low

32、est opening portion of thewindow opening, with a release mechanism that shall allow thesash to be opened to a larger opening area such as that requiredfor emergency escape and rescue, and that automatically resetswhen the window sash is fully closed.62006 International Building Code, Section 403.1,

33、Special Provisions forGroups B and R1, January 2000.7For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.8Code of

34、Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.9Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.10Available from American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1827Walden Office

35、 Square, Suite 550, Schaumburg, IL 60173, http:/www.aamanet.org/index.asp.11CPSC Publication 362, “Safety Barrier Guidelines for Home Pools” and NewJersey Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards, Cite 27 N.M.R. 3150,Subchapter 27 Child-Protection Window Guards 5:10 27.4 Specificationsfor W

36、indow Guards.F20900824. General RequirementsWINDOW FALL PREVENTION SCREENS AND FALLPREVENTION WINDOW GUARD DEVICES4.1 Window fall prevention screens or fall prevention win-dow guard devices shall be constructed so as to prohibit thefree passage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere12anywhere i

37、n the window opening (as required by applicablecodes for that jurisdiction), during or after testing as specifiedin 8.1 through 8.4, when the window fall prevention screen orfall prevention window guard device is installed in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.4.2 The distance between win

38、dow fall prevention screen orfall prevention window guard device structural members orcomponents after all testing is conducted shall not exceed 4.0in. (102 mm) when a 60-lbf13(267-N) direct force is applied inaccordance with the test method in 8.2.4.3 Releasable window fall prevention screen or fal

39、l pre-vention window guard devices shall be free of sharp projec-tions and edges.4.4 Releasable window fall prevention screens or fall pre-vention window guard devices shall not interfere with theoperation, function or performance of the window to applicablestandards and shall not violate light, ven

40、tilation, and emer-gency escape and rescue requirements of the applicable build-ing code.4.5 Window fall prevention screens or fall prevention win-dow guard devices shall be designed with release mechanismsto allow for emergency escape (egress) without the need forspecial tools or special knowledge.

41、4.5.1 Operation of emergency escape (egress) mechanismsshall be accomplished with a minimum amount of effort fromthe inside of the building, whether the window fall preventionscreen and fall prevention window guard device is mountedinside or outside the building.4.5.2 Release of the emergency escape

42、 (egress) mechanismshall require no more than 15 lbf (66 N) of force.144.5.3 To protect against inadvertent operation by a youngchild, the emergency escape (egress) release mechanism(s)shall require two distinct actions to operate.15Opening thewindow fall prevention screen or fall prevention window

43、guardshall not count as one of these actions.4.5.4 The emergency escape (egress) release mechanismshall operate properly in all types of weather.4.5.5 Emergency escape (egress) releases shall have theiroperating mechanisms clearly identified for proper use in anemergency.4.5.6 Neither the window fal

44、l prevention screens or fallprevention window guard devices nor the emergency escape(egress) release mechanism shall reduce the exitable area of thewindow unit below what is required by applicable codes.4.5.7 The location of the release mechanism to be used toopen the window fall prevention screens

45、or fall preventionwindow guard devices shall be visible.4.6 Window fall prevention screens or fall prevention win-dow guard devices, if hinged, shall be hinged on one side (nottop or bottom) to provide easy escape (egress) and if interiormounted shall not operate outward.4.7 Once released, window fa

46、ll prevention screen or fallprevention window guard devices shall not re-engage untilmanually closed.4.8 Releasable window fall prevention screen or fall pre-vention window guard devices shall be designed in a mannerthat does not accommodate the use of locking devices whichrequire special knowledge

47、or tools to operate, such as combi-nation locks or keyed locks, whereby the device could belocked in a closed position to some part of the buildingstructure or to some non-moveable portion of the device itselfand thereby be rendered not readily operable in the event of anemergency.4.9 Each releasabl

48、e window fall prevention screen or fallprevention window guard device shall be sold with installationinstructions and safety information included in the packagingfor each device.4.10 Installation instructions shall include the statement thata copy of the safety information shall be provided to the o

49、wnerof the building in which the device is installed and to theoccupant in the dwelling where the device is installed (or is tobe installed).4.11 Installation instructions and safety information shall beconspicuous.4.12 Installation instructions and safety information shallspecify maximum window opening width and height for whichthe window fall prevention device is intended.4.13 Additional requirements for window fall preventionscreen assemblies used as window fall prevention devices.4.13.1 Window fall prevention screen assemblies designedfor exterior installatio