1、Designation: F 2157 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forSynthetic Surfaced Running Tracks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThere is a need to provide for the safety of athletes and durability of surfaces used for competitionrunning. There a
3、re a number of sources of injury with regard to the performance of a running tracksurface and protection of athletes of all ages.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum performancerequirements and classification when tested in accordance withthe procedures outlined within this specifi
4、cation. All docu-ments referencing this specification must include classificationrequired.1.2 This specification does not imply that an injury cannotbe incurred if the surface is found to be in compliance with thisspecification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The
5、 inch-pound units given in parentheses areprovided for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 297 Test Methods for Rubber Products, Chemical Analy-sisD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence with a Gray ScaleD 2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics
6、of FinishedTextile Floor Covering MaterialsD 2950 Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete inPlace by Nuclear MethodsE 303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Friction Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE 1131 Test Method for Composition Analysis by Thermo-gravimetryG 154 Practice for
7、Operating Light and Water ExposureApparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other Standards:DIN 18035 Part 6 AStandard for Sports Grounds, SyntheticSurfacings, Requirements, Test, Maintenance3IAAF Performance Specifications for Synthetic SurfacedAthletics Tracks (Outdoors)43. Terminology
8、3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 compliance, na test result that falls within thespecified range, meets a stated minimum value or achieves a“pass” rating on a test with a pass/fail result.3.1.2 “D” area, nan integral part of the synthetic surfac-ing located within the oval.3.
9、1.3 EPDM components, nthe residual elements of anEPDM rubber product once the fillers and plasticizers havebeen eliminated.3.1.4 EPDM rubber product, na product comprised oforganic and inorganic materials with a minimum of 20 % anda maximum of 26 % of ethylene propylene-diene-saturatedpolymethylene
10、main chain along with other organic andinorganic components.3.1.5 flat, nan area that by design is to have a finishedslope of 0.5 % or less.3.1.6 recycled black EPDM rubber product, ncrumbs orgranules manufactured through ambient or cryogenic grindingor crushing of post industrial scrap (typically a
11、utomotive),containing a mixture of types of rubber including EPDMrubber product and varying in size. The material must be freeof dust, metals, and other contaminants.3.1.7 recycled SBR rubber, ncrumbs, granules, orbuffings/strands manufactured through the ambient or cryo-genic grinding or crushing o
12、f car or truck tires or industrialscrap and varying in size. Must be free of dust, metals, andother contaminants.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.23 onTennis Courts and Track Sur
13、faces.Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
14、ebsite.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN- DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.4Available from IAAF Headquarters, 17 rue Princesse FlorestineBP 359,MC-98007, Monaco Cedex. http:/www.iaaf.org1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
15、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.8 SBR rubber product, nstyrene-butadiene rubbers arethe general-purpose synthetic rubbers.3.1.9 site report, na comprehensive report of the testresults obtained through site testing including site identifica-tion, testing conditions, test
16、 standard identification, test meth-odology, test results in average and by test point, a site planlocating test points and areas of deviation and a conclusionstating the classification achieved by the surface from thetesting.3.1.10 site testing, na combination of on-site and labora-tory testing of
17、site produced samples to establish compliance ofan installed surface within a classification or other specifica-tions.3.1.11 suitability report, na report of the results fromsuitability testing which may be used as a guideline for surfaceproduct comparisons and as a general benchmark for installedsu
18、rfaces.3.1.12 suitability testing, na specific group of tests whichare performed in the laboratory on an uninstalled surfacesample. Such testing serves as a guideline for general surfacecompliance to the standard. It makes no inference about aninstalled surface.3.1.13 track classification, na rating
19、 given to a surfacebased on the test results of either the suitability testing or sitetesting. Tracks are classified A to C in descending order. Toachieve a classification, a surface must comply with all of thetest specifications of that classification.3.1.13.1 track classification Aa rating given t
20、o surfacesthat meet the specifications for the A level track surfaces asspecified herein.3.1.13.2 track classification Ba rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifications for B level track surface asspecified herein.3.1.13.3 track classification Ca rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifica
21、tions for C level track surface asspecified herein.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data obtained from this specification are indicative ofthe performance characteristics for the running track surfaceand can be used only for comparisons and establishing mini-mum requirements.5. Test Methods and Requiremen
22、ts for Asphalt BaseType and Compaction5.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe asphaltbase and asphalt wearing course (two layers) for the runningtrack shall conform to the mixes established for road traffic inthe jurisdiction and according to the synthetic surface manu-facturers recommendation o
23、f the running track. The asphaltbase and asphalt wearing course (two layers) shall be com-pacted to a minimum of 95 % density for machine finish and90 % density for hand packed areas according to Test MethodD 2950. Laboratory tests are performed with local DOTprocedures. Hand-packed limited to areas
24、 not accessible byappropriate equipment. Where the asphalt is permeable towater or of an open type, vertical drainage is required.5.2 Test MethodUse test method as described in TestMethod D 2950.Evenness5.3 Description and Required PerformanceThe runningtrack asphalt base shall be installed so that
25、on a localized level,there shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straight-edge exceeding 6 mm for a ClassAand B surfaces or 8 mm forClass C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shallnot exceed 3 mm for Class A and Class B surface or 4 mm forClass C. There shall be no step-like i
26、rregularities greater than1 mm in height (see Table 1).5.4 Test MethodDrag or regularly place the 3-m straight-edge, advancing by one half the length of the straightedge foreach measurement, on the surface along the length of the oddnumbered lanes and each runway as a minimum. Additionallocations ma
27、y be tested at the discretion of the test laboratory.Both ends of the straightedge should be in contact with theasphalt surface. At each location use visual observation todetermine if a gap exists under the straightedge. Should a gapexist, use a calibrated wedge to determine the actual size of thega
28、p. For runways, the measurement is regularly taken up thecenter of the runway. Where a gap is found, this is recorded ona plan of the facility.Drainage5.5 Description and Required PerformanceDue to therequirements for evenness, the drainage requirements for theasphalt surface shall be the same as th
29、e drainage requirementsfor the synthetic surface as specified in this standard.5.6 Test MethodThe asphalt surface is flooded with waterby any number of means, and the time is measured from thetime the flooding stops for 20 min. Locations with standingwater are noted on a plan of the facility.6. Test
30、 Methods, Description, and Required Performancefor Newly Installed Synthetic SurfacesImperfections6.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe durabilityand dynamic performance of the surface may be compromisedby imperfections such as bubbles, fissures, uncured areas,delamination, etc. These will not
31、 be allowed and must becorrected.6.2 Test MethodA visual examination of the surface isconducted and imperfections noted on a plan of the facility. Aphotographic record of imperfections may be used to enhancethe report.Evenness6.3 Description and Required PerformanceThe runningtrack surface shall be
32、installed so that on a localized level, thereshall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straightedgeexceeding 6 mm for a Class A and B surfaces or 8 mm forClass C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shallnot exceed 3 mm for Class A and Class B surface or 4 mm forClass C. There shall
33、 be no step-like irregularities greater than1 mm in height. Particular attention is to be paid to seams andF2157022joints in the running surface. The intent is to ensure the safetyof the athlete and provide an even running surface.6.4 Test MethodDrag or regularly place the 3-m straight-edge, advanci
34、ng by one half the length of the straightedge foreach measurement, on the surface, along the length of theodd-numbered lanes and centerline of each run-up and ap-proach area as a minimum. Additional locations may be testedat the discretion of the test laboratory. Both ends of thestraightedge should
35、be in contact with the surface. At eachlocation use visual observation to determine if a gap existsunder the straightedge. Should a gap exist, verify that both endsof the straightedge rest on the surface, moving the straightedgeif necessary, then use a calibrated wedge to determine theactual size of
36、 the gap. For runways, the measurement is takenup the center of the runway. For the high jump fan or “D” themeasurement is taken at 5-m intervals along parallel axes intwo directions. Where a gap is found exceeding the maximumfor the class, this is recorded on a plan of the facility.Thickness6.5 Des
37、cription and Required PerformanceThe durabilityof the surface and the safety of the athlete can be affected bythe thickness of the running track surface. The use of spikesenhances this requirement for a minimum thickness. There willbe specifically designed areas such as in the javelin runway orother
38、 high stress areas where the safety of the athlete and thedurability of the surface will dictate that the thickness begreater than the minimum. This additional thickness shall notaffect the evenness of the surface. The average thickness of therunning track surface shall be at least 12 mm, and nowher
39、eshall the thickness be less than 10 mm. For Class A the totalarea with a thickness between 10 mm and 10.5 mm shall be nogreater than 5 % of the total surface.6.6 Test Method:6.6.1 A calibrated three-prong floor depth measuring probeis used to determine the thickness of the running surface. Caremust
40、 be taken not to penetrate the asphalt base of the runningsurface. This thickness is measured at a minimum of 100locations, starting at the finish line and moving in a counter-clockwise direction taking readings first in the even lanes (2, 4,6, 8) and then the odd lanes (1, 3, 5, 7) in the center of
41、 eachlane and at regular intervals. For Class A, the interval is set atevery 10 m. Runways shall be probed at 5-m intervals centeredalong the length and the “D area” shall be probed on aminimum of 15 locations evenly spaced throughout the area asa minimum for Class B and Class C, while for Class A,
42、the testmust be performed at 5-m intervals along parallel axes in twodirections. The measurements taken are recorded and the testpoints listed in the test report.6.6.2 A core (10 mm to 25 mm in diameter) is removed andmeasured using the following method to make the finaldetermination as to the actua
43、l thickness. The surface texture ofthe core is abraded with a grade 60 abrasive for approximately50 % of the surface area of the core. The thickness of theabraded area of the core is measured using a thickness gaugefitted with a 0.01-mm accuracy dial, a plunger flat measuringsurface of 4-mm diameter
44、, and a measurement force between0.8 N and 1.0 N is applied. The measurement is recorded to thenearest 0.1 mm. The difference in thickness between the actualsurface and the abraded surface is calculated and the differencededucted from all of the actual probe measurements and theseTABLE 1 Performance
45、 Requirements for the TestsTest Methodand RequirementClass ARequirementClass BRequirementClass CRequirementSuitability/Site TestImperfections No bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas delamination, etcANo bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas delamination, etc.No bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas delamination, etc
46、SiteEvenness No depressions over 6 mm in 3 mor 3 mm/1 m; No step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmANo depressions over 6 mm in 3 mor 3 mm/1 m; no step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmNo depressions over 8 mm in 3 mor 4 mm/1 m; No step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmSiteThickness Min 12 m
47、m avg; nowhere 0.2 mm 0.5 mm thinfilm sample of each binder and coating utilized.9.1.5 For the EPDM, there must be a submission of a testcertificate provided by the EPDM manufacturer or 2 slabs 160mm 3 260 mm 3 2 mm plus 454 g (1 lb) of 2-mm EPDMgranules are required for laboratory testing.9.2 Writt
48、en Submissions:9.2.1 Description of the system including composition,structures and texture of the system.9.2.2 Identification of the binders and coatings with mixingratios for two-component products by name and manufacturerare to be kept on file by the test laboratory for the purpose ofconfirmation
49、 of materials utilized on site.10. Report10.1 Suitability Report:10.1.1 Name of applicant/company;10.1.2 Description of samples (who produced them, whenand where were they produced);10.1.3 Record of the delivery of the samples (date, amount,size, delivered by);10.1.4 Name and description of product, materials, andcomponents;10.1.5 Test performed;10.1.6 Equipment utilized;10.1.7 Standard for the test and version;10.1.8 Date of the test;10.1.9 Temperature of each test;10.1.10 Name of equipment for each test with averageresult;10.1.11 Test result data and not
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