1、Designation: F2170 11Standard Test Method forDetermining Relative Humidity in Concrete Floor SlabsUsing in situ Probes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2170; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determinationof percent relative humidity in concrete slabs for field
3、orlaboratory tests.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety con
4、cerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific warnings are given in Section 7, 10.3.2, and 10.4.4.2. Referenced Docume
5、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:2C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesE104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidityby Means of Aqueous SolutionsF710 Practice for Preparing Concrete Floors to Rec
6、eiveResilient Flooring3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 relative humidity, nratio of the amount of watervapor actually in the air compared to the amount of water vaporrequired for saturation at that particular temperature andpressure, expressed as a percentage.3.1.2 service temperature and relativ
7、e humidity, naverageambient air temperature and relative humidity that typicallywill be found in a buildings occupied spaces during normaluse.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method comprises two procedures for formingholes in concrete into which a relative humidity probe isplaced. Procedure A
8、 for hardened concrete involves drilling acylindrical hole in concrete with a rotary hammerdrill, thenplacing a hollow sleeve to line the hole. Procedure B is analternative procedure for fresh concrete, which involves form-ing a cylindrical hole in concrete by placing a hollow cylin-drical tube in t
9、he formwork, then placing and consolidatingconcrete around the tube. The liner or tube permits measure-ment of RH at a specific, well-defined depth in the concrete.4.2 Methods of probe calibration and factors affectingequilibration are described in Section 8.5. Significance and Use5.1 Moisture perme
10、ating from concrete floor slabs affectsthe performance of flooring systems such as resilient andtextile floor coverings and coatings. Manufacturers of suchsystems generally require moisture testing to be performedbefore installation on concrete. Internal relative humiditytesting is one such method.5
11、.2 Excessive moisture permeating from floor slabs afterinstallation can cause floor covering system failures such asdebonding and deterioration of finish flooring and coatings andmicrobial growth.5.3 Moisture test results indicate the moisture condition ofthe slab only at the time of the test.6. App
12、aratus6.1 Hole Liner, made of plastic or non-corroding metal. Theliner shall have the shape of a hollow right circular cylinderand shall be between 0.37 to 0.75-in. (10 to 20 mm) outsidediameter.6.1.1 The liner shall have a solid sidewall that is open onlyat the bottom and at the top. Slots, holes,
13、or other penetrationsin the sidewall of the liner are not permitted. Two or more1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 onPractices.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September
14、2011. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2170-09. DOI:10.1520/F2170-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.deformable circumferential fins located around the exteriorcircumference near the bottom of the liner shall be provided tocreate a positive
16、 seal against the concrete. The liner shall be ofsufficient length to extend from the bottom diameter of the holeto the surface of the concrete. See Fig. 1.NOTE 1The purpose of the liner is to isolate the probe from thesidewall of the hole so that moisture only enters into the sensor from aspecific
17、depth at the bottom of the hole. The specified diameter range willusually permit the hole to intersect a sufficient volume of cement paste toprovide adequate moisture interaction with the sensor for accuratemeasurement. Smaller diameter holes may intersect only a single aggre-gate particle at the bo
18、ttom of the hole and therefore produce inaccurateresults. If the user observes that the bottom of the hole is occupied by asingle aggregate particle, do not use that hole.6.2 Humidity Probe and Digital MeterRelative humidityand temperature sensors in cylindrical probe, designed suchthat when the pro
19、be is installed to its full depth within the holeliner, the following geometrical considerations shall be met:6.2.1 The sensing elements of the probe shall be locatedwithin 0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) of the base of the linerand the probe sealed or gasketed within itself and the liner suchthat t
20、he volume of air being measured cannot escape upwardbeyond 0.625 6 0.125 in. (15.9 6 3 mm) within the probeitself or the liner. See Fig. 2.6.2.2 Obtain probes from a manufacturer with NIST trace-able calibration equal to or better than 62 % relative humidityat 50 % relative humidity and 62 % relativ
21、e humidity at 90 %relative humidity.NOTE 2Calibration by end-users using saturated salt solutions inaccordance with Practice E104 is not recommended due to the technicaldifficulties of maintaining sufficiently accurate reference standards.Checking with salt solutions is an acceptable method of asses
22、sing probeperformance.7. Hazards7.1 Silica and Asbestos WarningDo not sand, dry sweep,dry scrape, drill, saw, beadblast, or mechanically chip orpulverize existing resilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint,asphaltic cutback adhesives, or other adhesives. These productsmay contain asbestos fiber
23、s or crystalline silica. Avoid creatingdust. Inhalation of such dust is a cancer and respiratory tracthazard. Smoking by individuals exposed to asbestos fibersgreatly increases the risk of serious bodily harm. Unlesspositively certain that the product is a nonasbestos-containingmaterial, presume tha
24、t it contain asbestos. Regulations mayrequire that the material be tested to determine asbestoscontent. The Resilient Floor Covering Institutes (RFCI) rec-ommended work practices for removal of existing resilientfloor coverings should be consulted for a defined set ofinstructions addressed to the ta
25、sk of removing all resilient floorcovering structures.37.2 Lead WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Expo-sure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents a health hazard.Refer to applicable federal, state, and local laws and guidelinesfor hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paintpub
26、lished by the U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment regarding appropriate methods for identifyinglead-based paint and removing such paint, and any licensing,certification, and training requirements for persons performinglead abatement work.47.3 Wet Concrete WarningContact with wet (unharde
27、ned)concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause skinirritation, severe chemical burns, or serious eye damage. Wearwaterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers,and proper eye protection when working with these materials.If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof
28、boots thatare high enough to keep concrete from flowing into them. Washwet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from yourskin immediately after contact. Indirect contact through cloth-ing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse outwet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtur
29、es from cloth-ing. Seek immediate medical attention if you have persistent orsevere discomfort.8. Calibration8.1 Recalibrate probes at least annually or more frequentlyif exposed to environmental conditions that affect measurementaccuracy.8.2 Check probe calibration within 30 days before use byeithe
30、r of the two following procedures:8.2.1 Calibration Check Procedure 1, Saturated SaltSolutionsPrepare saturated salt solutions in accordance withPractice E104. Follow probe manufacturers recommendedprocedure for exposing probes. Record the as-found relativehumidity and the nominal relative humidity
31、of the salt solu-tions. If the as-found relative humidity differs from the nominal3Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings,Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 401 East Jefferson St., Suite 102, Rockville, MD20850.4Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines for Hazard Identifica
32、tion and Abatementin Public and Indian Housing, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop-ment, NTIS Order Number PB91-144311. Available online from www.fed-world.gov.FIG. 1 Example Hole with LinerF2170 112relative humidity by more than 2 % (below 90 % relativehumidity) or by more than 3 % (from
33、90 to 100 % relativehumidity), recalibrate the probe before use.8.2.2 Calibration Check Procedure 2, Compressed Dry Airand Moist Room:8.2.2.1 0 % Relative HumidityConnect one end of a tubeto a compressed gas cylinder containing zero-grade or driercompressed air or an inert gas such as nitrogen. Inse
34、rt therelative humidity probe into the other end of the tube. Allowthe gas to flow at several millilitres per minute until the probereaches equilibrium (less than 1 % relative humidity drift in 5min). Record the percent relative humidity.8.2.2.2 100 % Relative HumidityPlace the probe in amoist room
35、or chamber meeting the requirements of Specifi-cation C511 for at least 30 min. Allow the probe to reachequilibrium (less than 1 % relative humidity drift in 5 min). Athin, moisture vapor permeable membrane surrounding thesensing element will inhibit condensation on the sensingelement. If condensati
36、on occurs, remove the probe from themoist environment and allow to dry before repeating themeasurement. Record the percent relative humidity.8.2.2.3 If checking reveals the probe output differs from 0by more than 2 % or from 100 % by more than 3 %, recalibratethe probe before use.9. Conditioning9.1
37、Concrete floor slabs shall be at service temperature andthe occupied air space above the floor slab shall be at servicetemperature and service relative humidity for at least 48 hbefore making relative humidity measurements in the concreteslab.10. Procedure10.1 Number of Tests and Locations:10.1.1 Pe
38、rform three tests for the first 1000 ft2(100 m2) andat least one additional test for each additional 1000 ft2(100m2).10.1.2 Select test locations to provide information aboutmoisture distribution across the entire concrete floor slab,especially areas of potential high moisture. For slabs on-gradeand
39、 below-grade, include a test location within1m(3ft)ofeach exterior wall.10.2 Determine the appropriate depth for probe holes fromthe following table:Drying Conditions Drill-to Depth from Top of SlabSlab drying from top only(Example: slab on ground with vaporretarder below, or slab on metal deck)40 %
40、(Example: 1.5 in. (40 mm) deep in 4-in.(100-mm) thick slab)Slab drying from top and bottom(Example: elevated structural slab notin metal deck)20 %(Example: 0.75 in. (20 mm) deep in4-in. (100-mm) thick slab)NOTE 3Testing at these depths will indicate the potential equilibriumrelative humidity that wi
41、ll be established within the concrete slab after alow-permeability floor covering is applied.10.3 Procedure ADrilled Holes:10.3.1 Use a rotary hammerdrill with a carbide-tipped drillbit to drill holes to required depth. Drill bit diameter shall notexceed 0.04 in. (1 mm) larger than the external diam
42、eter of theFIG. 2 Example % RH - Probe Element PositionF2170 113hole liner. Hole shall be drilled dry. Do not use water forcooling or lubrication; do not wet-core test hole.10.3.2 Remove dust from the hole using a vacuum cleaner.(WarningAvoid blowing dust from the hole that mightbecome respirable. W
43、ear respiratory protection if necessary toavoid breathing concrete dust while drilling and cleaningholes.)10.3.3 Insert hole liner to bottom of hole. Place rubberstopper into upper end of liner and seal around liner to concreteat concrete surface with joint sealant, caulk, or gasketed cover.10.3.4 A
44、llow 72 h to achieve moisture equilibrium withinthe hole before making relative humidity measurements.10.3.5 Continue the determination of relative humidity inaccordance with 10.5.NOTE 4Measurement of relative humidity on concrete powder col-lected from a drilled hole does not produce results of suf
45、ficient accuracyto meet the purposes described in Significance and Use.10.4 Alternative Procedure BCast Holes:10.4.1 Before placing concrete, secure liner tube to form-work or steel reinforcement to avoid displacement of tubesduring concrete placement, consolidation, and finishing.10.4.2 Secure a so
46、lid rod slightly smaller than the innerdiameter of the liner into the liner so that the bottom end of therod is flush with the bottom end of the liner at measurementdepth and the top end protrudes above the top of the liner. Thisrod will exclude fresh concrete from entering the liner duringconcrete
47、placement and consolidation.10.4.3 Place, consolidate, and finish the concrete, ensuringthe liner remains at required depth. Remove the inner solid rodafter the concrete hardens and place a rubber stopper into theupper end of the liner.10.4.4 Holes formed by casting liners in fresh concrete canbe us
48、ed to measure relative humidity as soon as the concretehardens. (WarningHoles formed in fresh concrete mightcontain highly alkaline solution (pH12) that must be removedbefore placing probes. This solution can cause chemical burnson exposed skin. Remove solution from a hole using a spongeor rag. Wear
49、 protective eyewear and gloves. Handle soakedrags or sponges with care. Do not use compressed air to blowsolution out of holes.)10.5 Measurement:10.5.1 Remove the rubber stopper at the top of the liner andinsert probe. Seal the probe lead wire to the liner where thewire emerges from the top of the liner. Connect the probe leadwire to the meter, turn on the meter and allow it to warm up asindicated by the manufacturers instructions.10.5.2 Allow probe to reach temperature equilibrium beforemeasuring relative humidity. Probe shall be at the sametemperature as the c
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