ASTM F2184-2010(2014) Standard Guide for Installation of Paintball Barrier Netting《彩弹球拦网的标准安装指南》.pdf

1、Designation: F2184 10F2184 10 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Guide forInstallation of Paintball Barrier Netting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case

2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is intended to outline installation requirements for the safe and effective instal

3、lation ofpaintball barrier netting. The proper installation of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playingfacilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards for the active participants. Theseha

4、zards include being hit by paintballs. Spectators not separated from the active playing field by anappropriate barrier can experience accidental impact of a paintball. Although surrounding an activeplaying field with paintball barrier netting cannot eliminate all injuries, paintball barrier netting

5、cansubstantially reduce the severity and frequency of injuries when properly installed.This guide is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier netting technology. Theintent is to revise this guide whenever substantive information becomes available that justifies revisingexisti

6、ng requirements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the installation of paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineate playingfields, chronograph areas, target ranges, and other “goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site.1.2 The values stated in

7、 SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate

8、safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryrequirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of PaintballF2272 Specification for Paintball MarkersF2278 Test Method for Evaluating Paintball Barrier N

9、etting3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 barrel, nthat portion of a paintball marker through which the paintball is discharged.3.1.2 billowing, nlateral movement of the netting that may occur from influence of the wind.3.1.3 muzzle, nthe end of the barrel at which

10、 the ball exits the barrel.3.1.4 paintball, na spherical ball, composed of a shell and a fill, that is designed to be expelled from a paintball marker andconforms to Specification F1979.3.1.5 paintball barrier netting, nnetting used in the sport of paintball as a protective barrier.1 This guide is u

11、nder the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.24 on Paintball and Equipment.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010May 1, 2014. Published March 2010September 2014. Originally approved in 2002. Last

12、previous edition approved in 20092010 asF2184 09.F2184 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2184-10.10.1520/F2184-10R14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Do

13、cument Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM

14、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.6 pa

15、intball marker, na device specifically designed to discharge paintballs that conforms to Specification F2272.3.1.7 SAT (Standard Ambient Temperature), nused to describe a substance at a temperature of 25 6 2C (77 6 4F).3.1.8 shell, na rigid to semi-rigid material (generally of gelatin) that encapsul

16、ates the fill of a paintball.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide recommends minimum installation requirements to provide a reasonable degree of safety in the normal use ofpaintball barrier netting.5. General Requirements5.1 Layout (see Fig. 1):5.1.1 Paintball barrier netting shall be installed not

17、 closer than 6.10 6 0.15 m (20.0 6 0.5 ft) from the playing field boundaryline.5.1.1.1 If the 6.10 6 0.15 m (20.0 6 0.5 ft) buffer zone cannot be respected due to space constraints, the netting must conformto 5.2.1 at the distance of closest approach.5.1.2 A spectator exclusion zone will extend a mi

18、nimum of 0.61 6 0.15 m (2.0 6 0.5 ft) beyond the paintball barrier nettingallowing for billowing.5.2 Paintball Barrier Netting Testing:5.2.1 New installations of paintball barrier netting shall be tested in accordance with the procedure described in Test MethodF2278 prior to use.5.2.2 Existing insta

19、llations of paintball barrier netting are effected by various factors such as wind, rain, animal population, etc.,and shall be inspected at a minimum of once per month to confirm the integrity of the installation. This inspection must includeimpact testing of the paintball barrier netting based on T

20、est Method F2278.5.3 Installation:5.3.1 Netting should be installed in a manner that substantially reduces the likelihood of a paintball injuring spectators or playerslocated in areas where eye protection is not required. Recommended practices include and are not limited to:5.3.1.1 Where top enclosu

21、res are not used or available, netting shall be a minimum of 3.7 m (12 ft) high. The use of berms isallowed as a barrier. The combined height of the berm and netting should be a minimum of 3.7 m (12 ft) above the playing surface.If spectators are allowed to stand on the berm, the netting must extend

22、 a minimum of 2.1 m (7 ft) from the top of the berm.5.3.1.2 Vertical supports for netting shall be of sufficient strength and length to support netting in condition that it is to be used(for example, indoors, outdoors with breeze, etc.).5.3.1.3 Vertical supports should be spaced not more than 7.6 6

23、0.15 m (25.0 6 0.5 ft) apart.5.3.1.4 Netting sag between vertical supports should not exceed 30.5 6 2.5 cm (12 6 1 in.).(1) The use of a 0.95-cm (38-in.) steel cable or equivalent strung across the top of the vertical supports through eyebolts witha 5-cm (2-in.) inside diameter (ID) will reduce sag

24、between the vertical supports.5.3.1.5 If netting traverses a vertical support, it should be kept a minimum of 10 cm (4 in.) from the support to reduce wearon the net and mounted on the interior of the vertical supports (see Fig. 2).5.3.1.6 The bottom of the net should be secured to reduce the abilit

25、y to lift the netting between the vertical supports.(1) The use of a 0.95-cm (38-in.) steel cable or equivalent strung across the bottom of the vertical supports through eyeboltswith a 5-cm (2-in.) ID is effective in reducing lift.(2) The use of pegs spaced 61.0 6 2.5 cm (24 6 1 in.) apart and exten

26、ding a minimum of 15.2 cm (6 in.) into the ground orequivalent will reduce lifting of the bottom of the net.FIG. 1 Playing Field LayoutF2184 10 (2014)25.3.1.7 Sufficient means of fastening the netting to the top and bottom horizontal supports are required.(1) Tie-wraps or equivalent spaced 15.2 6 2.

27、5 cm (6 6 1 in.) can be used.5.3.1.8 Where cables or ropes are used in the installation, the use of turnbuckles to tension cables or ropes is recommended.5.3.1.9 Billowing of the netting should be reduced. The use of a 6.35-mm (0.25-in.) nylon rope or equivalent can be zigzaggedacross the netting. O

28、ne cable should pass on the interior of the field while the second passes in an opposite direction on the exteriorof the field (see Fig. 3).5.4 Entrances:5.4.1 Entrances to the playing field shall be designed to prevent a paintball from passing through in a straight line.5.4.2 A recommended configur

29、ation is a zigzag (see Fig. 4).5.5 Joints:5.5.1 All joints shall consist of a rolled or bunched joint consisting of netting overlapped by a minimum of 15.2 6 1 cm (6 60.5 in.) and be fastened with tie-wraps or equivalent at 15.2 6 2.5 cm (6 6 1 in.) intervals (see Figs. 5-7).5.6 Repairs:FIG. 2 Mount

30、ing Side ViewFIG. 3 Mounting Front ViewFIG. 4 Zigzag EntranceF2184 10 (2014)35.6.1 Repairs to the netting shall consist of patches that extend 15.2 6 2.5 cm (6 6 1 in.) in all directions and are fastened tothe inside of the netting with tie-wraps or equivalents at 7.6 6 1 cm (3 6 0.5 in.) intervals

31、(see Fig. 8).6. Keywords6.1 paintball; paintball sports; paintball markers; paintball barrier nettingFIG. 5 Preparation to JoinFIG. 6 Finished Joint (Front View)FIG. 7 Finished Joint (Top View)F2184 10 (2014)4ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted

32、in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the

33、responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive car

34、eful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internation

35、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 8 Repair ExampleF2184 10 (2014)5