ASTM F2184-2010(2018) Standard Guide for Installation of Paintball Barrier Netting.pdf

1、Designation: F2184 10 (Reapproved 2018) An American National StandardStandard Guide forInstallation of Paintball Barrier Netting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2184; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis

2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is intended to outline installation requirements for the safe and effective installation o

3、fpaintball barrier netting. The proper installation of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playingfacilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards for the active participants. Thesehazards in

4、clude being hit by paintballs. Spectators not separated from the active playing field by anappropriate barrier can experience accidental impact of a paintball. Although surrounding an activeplaying field with paintball barrier netting cannot eliminate all injuries, paintball barrier netting cansubst

5、antially reduce the severity and frequency of injuries when properly installed.This guide is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier netting technology. Theintent is to revise this guide whenever substantive information becomes available that justifies revisingexisting requi

6、rements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the installa-tion of paintball barrier netting that may be used to delineateplaying fields, chronograph areas, target ranges, and other“goggle-on” areas of an active paintball site.1.2 The values stated in SI unit

7、s are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, h

8、ealth, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Inter

9、national Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1979 Specification for Projectiles Used in the Sport ofPaintballF2272 Specification for Paintball MarkersF2278 Test Method for

10、 Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 barrel, nthat portion of a paintball marker throughwhich the paintball is discharged.3.1.2 billowing, nlateral movement of the netting that mayoccur from influence of the wind.3.1.3 muzzle, nt

11、he end of the barrel at which the ball exitsthe barrel.3.1.4 paintball, na spherical ball, composed of a shell anda fill, that is designed to be expelled from a paintball markerand conforms to Specification F1979.3.1.5 paintball barrier netting, nnetting used in the sportof paintball as a protective

12、 barrier.3.1.6 paintball marker, na device specifically designed todischarge paintballs that conforms to Specification F2272.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.24 on Pain

13、tball and Equipment.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2184 10 (2014).DOI: 10.1520/F2184-10R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se

14、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance

15、 with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.7 SAT (Standard Ambient Temperatu

16、re), nused todescribe a substance at a temperature of 25 6 2C (77 6 4F).3.1.8 shell, na rigid to semi-rigid material (generally ofgelatin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide recommends minimum installation require-ments to provide a reasonable degree of s

17、afety in the normaluse of paintball barrier netting.5. General Requirements5.1 Layout (see Fig. 1):5.1.1 Paintball barrier netting shall be installed not closerthan 6.10 6 0.15 m (20.0 6 0.5 ft) from the playing fieldboundary line.5.1.1.1 If the 6.10 6 0.15 m (20.0 6 0.5 ft) buffer zonecannot be res

18、pected due to space constraints, the netting mustconform to 5.2.1 at the distance of closest approach.5.1.2 A spectator exclusion zone will extend a minimum of0.61 6 0.15 m (2.0 6 0.5 ft) beyond the paintball barriernetting allowing for billowing.5.2 Paintball Barrier Netting Testing:5.2.1 New insta

19、llations of paintball barrier netting shall betested in accordance with the procedure described in TestMethod F2278 prior to use.5.2.2 Existing installations of paintball barrier netting areeffected by various factors such as wind, rain, animalpopulation, etc., and shall be inspected at a minimum of

20、 onceper month to confirm the integrity of the installation. Thisinspection must include impact testing of the paintball barriernetting based on Test Method F2278.5.3 Installation:5.3.1 Netting should be installed in a manner that substan-tially reduces the likelihood of a paintball injuring spectat

21、ors orplayers located in areas where eye protection is not required.Recommended practices include and are not limited to:5.3.1.1 Where top enclosures are not used or available,netting shall be a minimum of 3.7 m (12 ft) high. The use ofberms is allowed as a barrier. The combined height of the berman

22、d netting should be a minimum of 3.7 m (12 ft) above theplaying surface. If spectators are allowed to stand on the berm,the netting must extend a minimum of 2.1 m (7 ft) from the topof the berm.5.3.1.2 Vertical supports for netting shall be of sufficientstrength and length to support netting in cond

23、ition that it is tobe used (for example, indoors, outdoors with breeze, etc.).5.3.1.3 Vertical supports should be spaced not more than 7.66 0.15 m (25.0 6 0.5 ft) apart.5.3.1.4 Netting sag between vertical supports should notexceed 30.5 6 2.5 cm (12 6 1 in.).(1) The use of a 0.95-cm (38-in.) steel c

24、able or equivalentstrung across the top of the vertical supports through eyeboltswith a 5-cm (2-in.) inside diameter (ID) will reduce sagbetween the vertical supports.5.3.1.5 If netting traverses a vertical support, it should bekept a minimum of 10 cm (4 in.) from the support to reducewear on the ne

25、t and mounted on the interior of the verticalsupports (see Fig. 2).5.3.1.6 The bottom of the net should be secured to reducethe ability to lift the netting between the vertical supports.(1) The use of a 0.95-cm (38-in.) steel cable or equivalentstrung across the bottom of the vertical supports throu

26、gheyebolts with a 5-cm (2-in.) ID is effective in reducing lift.(2) The use of pegs spaced 61.0 6 2.5 cm (24 6 1 in.) apartand extending a minimum of 15.2 cm (6 in.) into the ground orequivalent will reduce lifting of the bottom of the net.5.3.1.7 Sufficient means of fastening the netting to the top

27、and bottom horizontal supports are required.(1) Tie-wraps or equivalent spaced 15.2 6 2.5 cm (6 6 1in.) can be used.5.3.1.8 Where cables or ropes are used in the installation,the use of turnbuckles to tension cables or ropes is recom-mended.5.3.1.9 Billowing of the netting should be reduced. The use

28、of a 6.35-mm (0.25-in.) nylon rope or equivalent can bezigzagged across the netting. One cable should pass on theinterior of the field while the second passes in an oppositedirection on the exterior of the field (see Fig. 3).5.4 Entrances:5.4.1 Entrances to the playing field shall be designed toprev

29、ent a paintball from passing through in a straight line.5.4.2 A recommended configuration is a zigzag (see Fig. 4).5.5 Joints:5.5.1 All joints shall consist of a rolled or bunched jointconsisting of netting overlapped by a minimum of 15.2 6 1cm(6 6 0.5 in.) and be fastened with tie-wraps or equivale

30、nt at15.2 6 2.5 cm (6 6 1 in.) intervals (see Figs. 5-7).5.6 Repairs:5.6.1 Repairs to the netting shall consist of patches thatextend 15.2 6 2.5 cm (6 6 1 in.) in all directions and arefastened to the inside of the netting with tie-wraps or equiva-lents at 7.6 6 1cm(36 0.5 in.) intervals (see Fig. 8

31、).6. Keywords6.1 paintball; paintball sports; paintball markers; paintballbarrier nettingF2184 10 (2018)2FIG. 1 Playing Field LayoutFIG. 2 Mounting Side ViewFIG. 3 Mounting Front ViewFIG. 4 Zigzag EntranceFIG. 5 Preparation to JoinFIG. 6 Finished Joint (Front View)FIG. 7 Finished Joint (Top View)F21

32、84 10 (2018)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of suc

33、h rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addit

34、ional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the

35、 ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the

36、aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 8 Repair ExampleF2184 10 (2018)4