ASTM F2194-2007a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles《摇篮车和摇篮的消费者安全标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2194 07aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forBassinets and Cradles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses infant bassinet and cradle incidentsidentified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety C

3、ommission (CPSC).In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performancespecification attempts to minimize the following hazards: (1) suffocation, (2) tip over, (3) collapse, and(4) hood detachment. It also addresses corner post extensions, which may catch pacifier co

4、rds, ribbons,necklaces, or clothing which a child may be wearing and which may be caught on a projection. Thisspecification does not cover products that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each bassinet or cradle.1. Sco

5、pe1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performancerequirements, test methods, and marking requirements topromote safe use of bassinets and cradles.1.2 This consumer safety performance specification is in-tended to minimize the risks of incidents to an infant resultingfrom normal use and rea

6、sonably foreseeable misuse of abassinet or cradle.1.3 This consumer safety performance specification coversproducts intended to provide sleeping accommodations (ex-cluding full-size cribs or swings) for an infant up to approxi-mately 5 months in age. Products used in conjunction with aninfant swing

7、are not covered by this specification.1.4 No bassinet or cradle produced after the approval date ofthis consumer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specifica-tion unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 This consum

8、er safety performance specification is notintended to address incidents and injuries resulting fromalteration or unreasonable abuse or misuse of the product by achild or child care giver.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion Section 7 of this consumer safety

9、perfor-mance specification. This standard does not purport to addressall of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior t

10、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF 406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Ce

11、rtainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations In-cluding Sections16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys and Other Articles for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for D

12、etermining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small P

13、arts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 onCribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyappr

14、oved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 2194 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM web

15、site.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.16 CFR 1509 Requirements for Non-Full-Size

16、Baby Cribs2.3 Other References:CAMI Dummy, MARK II (see Fig. 1)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bassinet/cradle, nsmall bed for infants supported byfree standing legs, a wheeled base, a rocking base, or whichcan swing relative to a stationary base.3.1.2 bassinet/cradle attachment, naccessory wit

17、h a rigidframe that attaches to non-full size crib/play yard designed forsleeping.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible,when the bassinet/cradle is in a manufacturers recommendeduse position, to a person standing near the bassinet/cradle atany one position around the bassinet/cradl

18、e but not necessarilyvisible from all other positions.3.1.4 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, ex-truded, or calendared flexible material that is intended to besewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is pre

19、sented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.

20、6 mesh, nmesh may be either a woven fabric in whichthe warp and filling yarns are interlaced, knitted fabric in whichthe wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other typeof fabric that may be developed that provides openings therein.3.1.7 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plasti

21、cor metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.8 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product thatis set up in one of the manufacturers recommended usepositions.3.1.9 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and l

22、eaves a fibrous edge.3.1.10 seam, nmeans for joining fabric components, suchas sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.11 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concr

23、ete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless the test instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4

24、 The product to be tested shall be in a room with ambienttemperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing then shall be conducted within this temperaturerange.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Lead

25、 in PaintsThe paint or surface coating on theproduct shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.2 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be nohazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this consumersafety specification.5.3 Small PartsThere sha

26、ll be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free of splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, or PinchingA product, when inthe manufacturers recommended use p

27、osition shall be de-signed and constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupantfrom scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, RevisionII, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Ci

28、vil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory,Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II 17.5 lb (7.9 kg)F 2194 07a2components rotate about a common axis, or fastening points,slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another.Scissoring, s

29、hearing, or pinching that may cause injury shallnot be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit aprobe that is greater than a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and less thana 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible pointthroughout the range of motion of such parts.5.6 Unintentional Folding:5.6.1

30、 Products designed without latching or locking devicesmust remain in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test, in accordance with7.5.1.5.6.2 Products designed with a single action release mecha-nism latching or locking devices must remain in the manufac-turers

31、 recommended use position during and upon completionof the test, in accordance with 7.5.2.5.6.3 Products with a double action release mechanismlatching or locking device shall require two distinct andseparate actions for release of the mechanism.5.7 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely throug

32、h awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)

33、but arelimited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance wi

34、th 7.2.1-7.2.3.FIG. 2 Opening ExampleF 2194 07a35.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.2.4.1-7.2.4.3.5.8.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts

35、whentested in accordance with 7.2.5.5.9 FastenersWoodscrews shall not be used in the assem-bly of any components that must be removed by the consumerin the normal disassembly of a bassinet/cradle.5.10 Corner Posts:5.10.1 No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06in. (1.5 mm) above the upper

36、 edge of an end or side panel,whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point onthe upper edge of the end panel within 3 in. (76 mm) from theoutermost contour of the elbow (see Fig. 3).5.10.2 The limitations in 5.10.1 do not apply to a corner postassembly that extends at least 16 in. (406 m

37、m) above theuppermost surface of the side rail in its highest position.5.10.2.1 Corner posts intended to accept removable verticalextensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopypost extensions) shall not permit the attachment of individualsegments such that the resultant vertical extensio

38、n would be inviolation of the dimensional requirements of 5.10.2.5.11 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with a bassinet or cradle, as well as their means ofattachment, must meet the applicable requirements of Con-sumer Safety Specification F 963.5.12 Bassinet/Cradle Attachment

39、to Play Yard/Non-Full-Sized CribBassinet attachment intended to be attached to,removable from, sold with or separately from a play yard ornon-full-sized crib shall comply with the requirements of thisspecification and Consumer Safety Specification F 406 whenattached in the manufacturers recommended

40、use position.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Spacing of Rigid Sided Bassinet/Cradle ComponentsSpacing must comply with 16 CFR Part 1509 Section 1509.4when tested according to 7.1.6.2 Openings for Mesh/Fabric Sided Bassinet/CradleOpenings in the mesh shall be designed to prevent entrapmentof fingers,

41、toes, and snaring of buttons normally used on infantclothing. A mesh opening shall not fully accept the specifiedrod when tested in accordance with 7.6.6.3 Static LoadA product in all manufacturers recom-mended use positions shall support the static load withoutcausing any hazardous conditions as id

42、entified within thisconsumer safety specification. This test shall be conducted inaccordance with 7.3.6.4 StabilityA product in all manufacturers recom-mended use positions shall not tip over and shall retain theCAMI dummy when subjected to the test described in 7.4.6.5 Sleeping Pad:6.5.1 Each produ

43、ct shall be sold with the sleeping padincluded.6.5.2 Pad ThicknessThe filling material of the uncom-pressed sleeping pad such as foam, fiberfill, etc. shall notexceed 1-in. (25-mm) in thickness. The total thickness of theuncompressed pad including all fabric or vinyl layers, fillingmaterial, and any

44、 structural members such as wood, hardboard,etc., shall not exceed 112 in. (38 mm).6.5.3 Pad DimensionsThe dimensions of the sleeping padsupplied with the product shall be such that the pad, wheninserted in the center of the unit in a noncompressed state atany of the adjustable positions, shall not

45、leave a gap of morethan12 in. (13 mm) at any point between the perimeter of thepad and the perimeter of the unit. When the pad is placedagainst the perimeter of the unit, the resulting gap shall notexceed 1 in. (25 cm).6.6 Protective ComponentsIf the occupant can grasp com-ponents between the thumb

46、and forefinger or teeth (such ascaps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges,points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at leasta 0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component and itsadjacent parent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordanc

47、e with 7.7.7. Test Methods7.1 Component SpacingRefer to 16 CFR Part 1509. Forspacing of components, see CFR 1509.4. For componentspacing test apparatus, see CFR 1509.5 and for componentspacing test method, see CFR 1509.6.7.2 Permanency of Labels and Warnings:7.2.1 A paper label (excluding labels att

48、ached by a seam)shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to removeit without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, ittears upon removal, or such action damages the surface towhich it is attached.7.2.2 A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by aseam) shall be considered

49、 permanent if, during an attempt toremove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot beremoved or such action damages the surface to which it isattached.7.2.3 A warning label attached by a seam shall be consid-ered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf(67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to causeFIG. 3 Corner Post ExtensionF 2194 07a4failure using a clamp with a34-in. (19-mm) diameter clampingsurface. Apply the force evenly over 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.7.2.4 Adhesion Test fo