ASTM F2194-2016 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles《摇篮和摇篮车的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F2194 13aF2194 16Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBassinets and Cradles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses infant bassinet and cradle incidentsidentified by the U.S. Consumer Product Saf

3、ety Commission (CPSC).In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performancespecification attempts to minimize the following hazards: (1) suffocation, (2) tip over, (3) collapse, and(4) hood detachment. It also addresses corner post extensions, which may catch pacifi

4、er cords, ribbons,necklaces, or clothing which a child may be wearing and which may be caught on a projection. Thisspecification does not cover products that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each bassinet or cradle.1

5、. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements to promotesafe use of bassinets and cradles.1.2 This consumer safety performance specification is intended to minimize the risks of incidents to an infant resulting fromnormal use an

6、d reasonably foreseeable misuse of a bassinet or cradle.1.3 This consumer safety performance specification covers products primarily intended to provide sleeping accommodations foran infant up to approximately 5 months in age or when the child begins to push up on hands and knees, whichever comes fi

7、rst.Products used in conjunction with an inclined infant swing or stroller, or products that are intended to provide an inclined sleepsurface (head-to-toe direction) of greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are not covered by thisspecification.1.3.1 RationaleThe ad

8、dition of developmental criteria was added to the 5-month age grade to accommodate varying motorskills in children.NOTE 1Cradle swings with an incline less than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are covered under the scopeof this standard. A sleep product that o

9、nly has an inclined sleeping surfacesurfaces (intended to be greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest(non-rocking) position) does not fall under the scope of this standard. Strollers If a product can be converted to a bassinet/cradle use mode and meetsthe definition of a bassinet/cradle fou

10、nd in 3.1.1that while in that mode, the product shall be included in the scope of this standard, when it is in thebassinet/cradle use mode. For example, strollers that have a carriage/bassinet feature are covered by the stroller/carriage standard when in the stroller usemode. Carriage baskets/bassin

11、ets that are removable from the stroller base are covered under the scope of this standard when the carriage basket/bassinetmeets the definition of a bassinet/cradle found in 3.1.1. Bassinet/cradle attachments to cribs or play yards, as defined in 3.1.2 or 3.1.13, are included inthe scope of the sta

12、ndard when in the bassinet/cradle use mode.1.4 No bassinet or cradle produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 This c

13、onsumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries resulting from alterationor unreasonable abuse or misuse of the product by a child or child care giver.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses

14、are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on Cribs, ToddlerBeds, Play Yards, Bassinet

15、s, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013April 15, 2016. Published March 2014May 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asF2194 13.F2194 13a. DOI: 10.1520/F2194-13A.10.1520/F2194-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended o

16、nly to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current ver

17、sionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion Section 7 of this consu

18、mer safety performancespecification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory requireme

19、nts prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations: 316 CFR 1220 Safety Standard for Non-F

20、ull-Size Baby Cribs16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations Including Sections16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles for Use by Children

21、 UnderEight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age Whi

22、chPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts2.3 Other References:CAMI Dummy, MARK IINewborn Dummy (see(See Fig. 1)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bassinet/cradle, nsmall bed designed primarily to provide sleeping accommodations for infants, supported by freestandin

23、g legs, a stationary frame/stand,base/stand, a wheeled base, a rocking base, or a base which can swing relative to a stationarybase. While in a rest (non-rocking or swinging) position, a bassinet/cradle is intended to have a sleep surface less than or equalto 10 from horizontal.3.1.1.1 bassinet bed,

24、 nthe sleeping area of the bassinet/cradle, containing the sleep surface and side walls.3.1.1.2 false latch/lock visual indicator, na warning system using contrasting colors, lights, or other similar means designedto visually alert caregivers when a removable bassinet bed is not properly locked onto

25、 its base/stand.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Off

26、ice Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4 Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, Revision II, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection an

27、d Survival Laboratory, Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Drawing numbers 126-0000 through126-0015 (sheets 1 through 3), 126-0017 through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy,” and a construction manual entitled, “Constructionof the Newborn Infant Dummy” (July

28、1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at NHTSAs Docket Section 400 Seventh Street, SW, Room 5109, Washington, DC,or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II 17.5 lb (7.9 kg)Newborn DummyF2194 1623.1.1.3

29、 intended use orientationthe bassinet bed orientation (that is, the position where the head and foot ends of the bassinetbed are located) with respect to the base/stand, as recommended by the manufacturer for intended use.3.1.1.4 removable bassinet bed, na bassinet bed that is designed to separate f

30、rom the base/stand without the use of tools. Thisdefinition does not include the play yard bassinet as defined in 3.1.13.3.1.2 bassinet/cradle accessory, na supported sleep surface that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert the productinto a bassinet/cradle intended to have a sleep sur

31、face less than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in a rest (non-rocking orswinging) position.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible, when the bassinet/cradle is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the bassinet/cradle at any one position around th

32、e bassinet/cradle but not necessarily visible fromall other positions.3.1.4 double action release mechanism, nmechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out or two separate and independent single action locking mechanisms that

33、 must beactivated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.5 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible material that is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position that is present

34、ed as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.7

35、 mattress support rods/bars, ncomponent(s), typically rods or bars, that provide added support between the mattresssupport component and the mattress pad.3.1.8 maximum deflection angle, nthe maximum rock/swing angle measurement allowed by the product design in themanufacturers recommended use positi

36、on in the manner normally associated with rocking/swinging as intended by themanufacturer.3.1.9 mesh, nmesh may be either a woven fabric in which the warp and filling yarns are interlaced, knitted fabric in whichthe wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other type of fabric that may be dev

37、eloped that provides openings therein.3.1.10 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.11 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturers reco

38、mmended use positions.3.1.12 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 play yard bassinet, nbassinet accessory usually suspended in the upper portion of the play yard and typically has afolding and/or segmented mattress.or segmented mattres

39、s, or both.3.1.14 removable cover, na fabric cover encompassing the recommended sleeping area for the occupant of the product, thatuses snaps, zippers, hook and loop, buttons or other fasteners to attach to a bassinet/cradle frame that requires consumer actionas a step for removal or adjustment.3.1.

40、15 rest angle, nthe resulting angle measurement of the bassinet/cradle sleeping surface after the maximum deflectionangle is applied and released and the product has come to a complete rest.3.1.16 seam, nmeans for joining fabric components, such as sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.17 sta

41、tic load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover, unlessthe test instructs differently.4.2 The product

42、 shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with ambient temperature of 73 69F (23 65C) for at least 1 h prior to testing.Testi

43、ng then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.4.6 Angle measurements shall be obtained using a digital inclinometer capable of 0.1 minimum resolution.4.7 A force gauge with a minimum range of 0 to 25 lbf (1

44、10 N), accuracy of 60.25 lb.5. General Requirements5.1 Lead in PaintsThe paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.F2194 1635.2 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after

45、 testing to this consumer safety specification.5.3 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.5.5 Scissoring, S

46、hearing, or PinchingAproduct, when in the manufacturers recommended use position shall be designed andconstructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotateabout a common axis, or fastening points, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise

47、move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe that is greater than a0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and less than a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion

48、of suchparts.5.6 Unintentional Folding:5.6.1 Products designed without latching or locking devices must remain in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test, in accordance with 7.5.1.5.6.2 Products designed with a single action release mechanism latching or lock

49、ing devices must remain in the manufacturersrecommended use position during and upon completion of the test, in accordance with 7.5.2.5.6.3 Products with a double action release mechanism latching or locking device shall require two distinct and separate actionsfor release of the mechanism.5.7 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that