1、Designation: F2232 09F2232 14Standard Test Method forDetermining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach HighHeels from Footwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to detach the heel from footwear thr
3、ough the applicationof longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common heel failuremode. Heel height of 20 mm (1316 in.) or larger is needed to perform this test method properly. Most womens medium and highheeled footwear meets this r
4、equirement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to
5、 establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE105 Practice for Probability Samplin
6、g of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot orProcessE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics2.2 European Standard:ENBSEN 12785 Footwear, Test Method for Whole ShoesHeel Attachment33. Terminology3
7、.1 Definitions:3.1.1 forefootthe portion of the shoe extending forward from the break of the joint to the toe, also called forepart.3.1.2 heel attachment strengththe force in pounds measured under the testing conditions of Test Method F2232 required todetach the heel from the sole/insole assembly.3.
8、1.3 heel breastthe front face of the shoe heel.3.1.4 heel heightthe vertical distance from the top back edge of the heel to the plane of the tread (wear) surface of the heel.3.1.5 insolethe part of the shoe that is a structural anchor to which the upper and heel are fastened during manufacture. It m
9、ayor may not be covered on the foot side by material referred to as a socklining.3.1.6 outsolethe bottom (sole) of the shoe: including the surface which is exposed to wear.3.1.7 seatboarda reinforcement (if used) of the insole where the heel is attached.3.1.8 shanka reinforcement in the arch (instep
10、) of the shoe between the insole and outsole made from steel, wood, fiberboardor plastic (individually or in combination).1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.30on Footwear.Cur
11、rent edition approved July 1, 2009June 1, 2014. Published July 2009September 2014. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 asF2232 03.F2232 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2232-09.10.1520/F2232-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
12、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Orders for all BSI, International and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Service.This document is not an ASTM standa
13、rd and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases
14、only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.9 shankboardthe back part of the insole which is fabricated from a firm fiberbo
15、ard. It is contoured to the arch of the footfor support.3.1.10 top piece (toplift)the bottom layer of a heel (wear surface) usually made of leather, rubber, plastic, steel, or elastomers.3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to footwear, refer to the Footwear Products Glossary.44. Significance
16、 and Use4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe, the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring thewearers safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of the shoe.4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoe and when any changes are made in
17、the design, material or methodof shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the attachment of the heel in an existing shoe.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensile Testing Machine, Machinewith A CRE-type (constant rate of expansion type) or CRT-type (constant rate oftraverse type) with extension or traverse rate
18、 of 100 mm/min (4 in./min) and autographic recorder.with autographic recorder orautomatic microprocessor data gathering system.5.1.1 Upper and Lower Attaching Mechanism, to clamp the heel jig attachment or wire and toe and shank end of the shoe. SeeFig. 2 and Fig. 4.5.2 Drill Press.5.3 Drill Bit, 5
19、mm (316 in.).5.4 Vise, used to hold the shoe heel for drilling.5.5 Wire, 2.5 mm (332 in.) diameter piano or other high strength wire.5.5.1 In place of the wire described in 5.5, a jig using a yoke and a 5 mm (316 in.) diameter rod may be used. See Fig. 3.6. Sampling6.1 Perform random testing of shoe
20、s from production or from stock in accordance with Practices E29, E105, and E122, andTerminology E456.6.2 Determine test sample size by lot size. A testing plan used by U.S. Military Procurement for footwear is:Lot Size Number of Test Shoes800 or less 2801 to 22 000 322 001 and over 54 Available fro
21、m American Apparel adhesive, nails, screws, nailing pattern, and so forth.10.1.5 Shank board and insole, including thickness, etc.10.1.6 Shank, including dimension of fork holes and their location, as well as the location of the shank relative to the attachingnails and original heel location.10.2 Fo
22、rce required for complete heel separation.10.3 Type of failure observed.10.3.1 Number of nails, screws, staples, and so forth pulled from the heel.10.3.2 Number of nails, screws, staples pulled through insole.10.3.3 Did the shank board bend, crack or break?10.3.4 Type of adhesive failure, if applica
23、ble.10.3.5 Details of any deviation from the standard procedure.10.3.6 Tensile testing machine CRE-type or CRT-type, make, model, serial #, and calibration date.11. Precision and Bias11.1 There is insufficient data from testing at this time to accurately establish the precision and bias. The precisi
24、on and bias willbe established at the completion of the laboratory testing program.12. Keywords12.1 footwear comfort; footwear construction; footwear design; footwear manufacturing; footwear performance; footwearsafety; heel attaching strength; quality controlFIG. 3 Test AlignmentF2232 144APPENDIX(N
25、onmandatory Information)X1. RELATED TESTSX1.1 BSEN12785:2000, BSEN 12785:2000, Footwear Test Methods for Whole ShoeHeel Attachment.FIG. 4 Test AlignmentF2232 145ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
26、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
27、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsibl
28、e technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
29、shohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 5 Detached HeelF2232 146
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