1、Designation: F 2233 03Standard Guide forSafety, Access Rights, Construction, Liability, and RiskManagement for Optical Fiber Networks in Existing Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide addresses only primary safety concerns,easements, constructabili
3、ty, liability of the various parties, andrisk management related to constructing, installing, maintain-ing or changing an optical fiber network in an existing sewer.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding tho
4、se in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and de
5、termine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. See 4.1 and5.1-5.1.7 for specific safety information.2. Referenced Documents2.1 Referenced Documents:OSHA 29CFR Part 1926 Occupational Safety and HealthStandards for the Construction IndustryU.S. DOT MUTCD Part VI Manual on Uniform
6、TrafficControl Devices23. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 access rightsagreements between various parties toobtain temporary and permanent access to property for thepurpose of constructing, maintaining, or changing optical fibernetworks.3.1.2 competent persona per
7、son properly trained in thesafety aspects of an activity.3.1.3 confined spaceman entry area that has restrictedaccess and egress.3.1.4 constructabilitythe term used to denote the condi-tion of a completed set of plans and specifications for a opticalfiber network and its impact to the host utility,
8、which have beenprepared with an analysis of practical, feasible methods ofconstruction.3.1.5 liabilitythe exposure to claims for damage to an-other partys health, well-being, or property. in the event that a“bond” is considered from a liability perspective, furnishing abond will guarantee performanc
9、e and/or payment of all bills.3.1.6 optical fiber networktelecommunications cablefrom central office to user.3.1.7 partneringin construction, teaming between theowner, engineer, contractor, and other involved parties.3.1.8 risk managementthe process of identifying the riskson a construction project,
10、 and assigning the risks to the partiesmost capable of controlling the risks.3.1.9 safetyphysical and mental activities that protect thehealth, well-being, and life of workers and third party people,and activities that protect the property of all parties.4. Significance and Use4.1 Safety factors mus
11、t be addressed and incorporated intothe work to protect the workers and the public, and construc-tion activities may need to be altered accordingly. Engineeringand construction costs are a part of the analysis.4.2 Access rights to the work should be considered in thedesign of the project.4.3 A const
12、ruction professional, who has field experience inconstruction activities similar to the scope of work anticipated,should review the plans for constructability prior to starting theproject.4.4 Proper insurance and surety bonding to protect theinterests of all parties to the agreement or contract shou
13、ld beconsidered.4.5 Risk management assessment will identify the partiesthat are in the best position to control and be responsible for thedifferent risks.5. Performance Requirements5.1 Safety PracticesSafety practices should follow theguidelines of OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926, and other state andlocal re
14、gulations. The installer should refer to OSHA, state andlocal regulations before work begins. These guidelines will1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilitiesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.10on Installation and Operation of
15、 Fiber Optic Cables in Existing Sewers.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published April 2003.2For the manual, go to the web site http:/.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.address confined spaces, a competent perso
16、n, safety training,structural hazards, trench safety, manhole safety, traffic safety,and equipment safety.5.1.1 Confined SpacesPerhaps the most dangerous ele-ment of safety risk is exposure to underground confined spaces.In the United States, OSHA requires that confined spaceentrants, attendant, ent
17、ry supervisor, and rescue team betrained, provide special equipment, and follow certain proce-dures when entering a manhole or underground sewer. Theattendant must be equipped to test the atmosphere, monitor theatmosphere and the crew, control the activities in the confinedspace, and call an emergen
18、cy response team for any accident.Besides the air atmosphere, the confined space crew mustrecognize and protect members from sewage or water in thesewers, which can injure or drown a crew member.5.1.2 Structural HazardsWhen cleaning, inspecting, re-pairing the sewer, or installing and maintaining an
19、d changingthe fiber and conduit, the crew should inspect entry structuresand large diameter sewers for structural deficiencies, andconsider possible point collapses, which could flood the pipewith sudden infiltration, or subject the crew to other hazards.Therefore, appropriate judgment and other pre
20、cautions shouldbe considered.5.1.3 Trench SafetySome open trench work or directionaldrilling is required for interconnections and for final connec-tions to users and other telecommunication companies. Acompetent person trained to recognize dangerous conditionsand to protect the crew must be on site.
21、 The most commonsafety concerns in open trench work are cave-ins and otherutility hits. Therefore, shoring, trench boxes, manhole boxes,ladders, locating equipment, and air atmosphere monitoringdevices are needed to perform these activities. All OSHAconstruction standards must be followed.5.1.4 Traf
22、fc SafetyCrews cleaning, inspecting, repairing,installing optical fiber and conduit, repairing sewers andmanholes, and installing new conduit in open trench may beexposed to traffic. U.S. DOT MUTCD Part IV requires thattraffic control devices and flaggers must be in place to protectthe crew and the
23、public, if there is exposure to traffic. Acompetent person should be in charge of these activities.NOTE 1The AGC3(Associated General Contractors of America)offers information on Safety, Constructability, Liability and Risk Manage-ment, and Partnering through its website at http:/agc.org. Additionali
24、nformation about constructability issues is available at the websitewww.engr.wisc.edu/cee/courses/cee596.html, which is the “Constructabil-ity Analysis” course at the College of Engineering, University ofWisconsin-Madison.5.1.5 Equipment SafetyAll construction equipment andpersonal protective gear m
25、ust meet OSHA regulations, and bein good repair. Crew members should receive proper training insafety for all exposures, and weekly (more frequent if war-ranted) safety meetings should be conducted to identify antici-pated hazards, and plan appropriate processes to protect thecrew and public from in
26、jury or death. Prior to starting a project,a safety plan should be prepared by the installer or ownersdesignated representative. This plan should be implementedand followed during the construction.NOTE 2Safety videos are available from various vendors, including avariety from the Associated General
27、Contractors of America.5.1.6 Manhole SafetyWhenever optical fiber devices areinstalled in manholes, certain procedures are used to protectpeople entering the confined space in the future. Cable bendguards are to be closed to avoid a tripping and entanglementhazard. Where practical, splice enclosures
28、 are to be installednext to the manhole steps or ladder so that workers or rescueworkers can get into the manholes with self-contained breath-ing apparatuses without hindrance or risk of entrapment.5.1.7 Installation SafetyCertain electrically powered de-vices for cable installation, such as robots,
29、 can have anelectrical potential difference from the pipeline. An electricalfailure in the robot and certain conduit attachment methodsmay create sparks. Engineering and construction professionalsshould assess the conditions and methods, and use appropriatesafety measures to guard against any potent
30、ial explosion orelectrical shock hazard.5.2 Access RightsAs in any construction project, accessrights are extremely important for constructability, timelyexecution of the project, legal risk management, and publicrelations. It is recognized that for a project to be constructable,the installer must h
31、ave access to sewers, manholes, streets,public and private property, and be able to execute the workwithout interfering with other public or private activities.NOTE 3The American Public Works Association (APWA)4has manu-als covering procedures for street access management.5.2.1 In the initial stages
32、 of the project the telecommunica-tions company (or equivalent) will contract with the sewerutility for the use of its facilities. Consideration should begiven to all needed access to sanitary and storm sewers,manholes, streets, and temporary street or “parking” access forall construction activities
33、, including temporary pumping dis-charge piping and storage of job materials.5.2.2 If street closures or partial closures are needed, thestreet utility director needs to be contacted and necessarypermission acquired prior to construction. Barricading ofstreets, lane closures, and other traffic rerou
34、ting should becarefully planned and the designated authority should givepermission to perform such activities.5.2.3 Construction equipment needs should be planned,including enough room for maneuvering equipment and con-struction materials. For instance, sewer cleaning, pumpingequipment, generators,
35、directional boring machines, and opentrenching equipment all require enough real estate to performthe various operations efficiently and safely. If private propertyis needed for equipment operating processes, agreementsshould be obtained prior to construction.5.2.4 Certain interconnecting lines, ope
36、n trench conduitinstallation, and underground cable plowing will be required3The Associated General Contractors (AGC) of America, 333 John CarlyleStreet, Suite 200, Alexandria, Va. 22314, 703.548.3118 (phone), 703-548.3119(fax).4American Public Works Association, 2345 Grand Boulevard, Suite 500, Kan
37、sasCity, MO 64108-2641, Phone: (816) 472-6100, Fax: (816) 472-1610. APWAinformation is available at http:/.F2233032on public and private property. The procedures in this guideshould be implemented to obtain access and to maintain opencommunications among installers, property owners and thepublic. Af
38、ter open trench conduit installation or plowing,restoration work should be completed as soon as practical inaccordance with local regulations, so that public access andgood public relations are maintained.5.3 ConstructabilityA project is considered constructablewhenever the contracting parties and d
39、esign professionals havetaken into consideration the various challenges that the con-tractor or installer will face when performing the construction.Constructability issues such as ample room in work areas,isolation from traffic or the public, existing conditions, timeconstraints, weather conditions
40、, safety exposures, completeplans, permits from other utilities, teamwork, flexible con-tracts, involvement of all parties affected, and good engineer-ing practices, all contribute to how a job is accomplished.These factors also make the project more suitable for bidding.During the constructability
41、review, the parties may emphasizevalue engineering to provide the most cost effective project.5.3.1 When access routes are obtained, a holistic approachshould be considered in the plan. The access must consider theneeds for the facility to be built, the size of constructionequipment, the need to man
42、euver machines and materials,access to the site for equipment and materials, temporarystorage of materials and equipment, traffic, emergency vehicleaccess, and adequate room for the safety of the crew, includingany safety equipment required. This planning should be con-ducted by seasoned and experie
43、nced construction profession-als.5.3.2 Existing conditions should be part of the engineering.For instance, when working underground, existing utilitiesmust be located to protect workers and the infrastructure.Allow enough room for workers and safety devices. Thetopography plays a role too. In a low
44、area, possible flooding ofthe construction activities should be anticipated. If trafficaffects construction and cannot be rerouted or controlled,another plan should be adopted. The condition of the existingsewers and manholes must be known, so that during theconstruction, adequate restoration work c
45、an be budgeted.5.3.3 The construction time and schedule should be basedon sound construction and site condition factors. Duringproject conception and/or engineering activities, a preliminaryconstruction schedule should be prepared and approved by allof the parties. Construction activities should be
46、broken downinto elements and sequenced chronologically. Climate, weatherconditions and holidays should be considered in the construc-tion schedule. Adequate time must be added for safety activi-ties. If construction activities are constrained by certain restric-tions, such as work only at night or d
47、uring off peak trafficconditions, time should be adjusted for labor efficiency. Expe-rienced managers should be involved in the scheduling activi-ties, using critical path scheduling software.5.3.4 It is good practice to assembly a comprehensive teamto plan the project. Team input from engineering a
48、nd construc-tion professionals, public and private utility staff, telecommu-nications staff, and legal entities throughout the conceptual,design and construction phases will provide the best project. Ateam approach brings in more expertise, and creates “buy-in”by the various team members.NOTE 4The A
49、GC has a video and pamphlet on partnering which canhelp guide the team through this process.5.4 Liability and Risk ManagementThe responsibilitiesand authorities of the parties involved in the planning, engi-neering, construction, operation and maintenance of the projectshould be identified.5.4.1 Risk should be assigned to the party who has controlover the particular risk. Liability should be considered by theteam for such things as underground conditions, controllingsewage spills or blockages, illegal discharges into the sewersby thir
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