1、Designation: F2263 07 (Reapproved 2011)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE)Pipe to Chlorinated Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2263; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the general requirements fore
3、valuating the long-term, chlorinated water, oxidative resis-tance of polyethylene (PE), used in cold water supply orservice systems by exposure to chlorinated water. This testmethod outlines the requirements of a pressurized flow-throughtest system, typical test pressures, test-fluid characteristics
4、,failure type, and data analysis.NOTE 1Other known disinfecting systems (chlorine dioxide, ozone,and chloramine) are currently used for protection of potable water;however, free-chlorine is by far the most common system in use today.Disinfecting systems other than chlorine have not been evaluated by
5、 thismethod.1.2 Guidelines and requirements for test temperatures, testhoop stresses, and other test criteria have been established byprior testing of PE pipe. Other related system components thattypically appear in a PE cold water supply or service systemcan be evaluated with the PE pipe. When test
6、ing PE pipe andfittings as a system, it is recommended that the anticipatedend-use fitting type(s) and material(s) be included in the testcircuit since it is known that some fitting types and materialscan impact failure times. Specimens used shall be representa-tive of the piping product(s) and mate
7、rial(s) under investiga-tion.NOTE 2The procedures described in this test method (with somemodifications of test temperatures or stresses, or both) have been used toevaluate pipes manufactured from polybutylene (PB), crosslinked poly-ethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), multilayer (polymer-metal compo
8、s-ite), copper, and stainless steel.1.3 This test method is applicable to PE pipe and systemsused for transport of potable water containing free-chlorine fordisinfecting purposes. The oxidizing potential of the test-fluidspecified in this test method exceeds that typically found inpotable water syst
9、ems across the United States.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to
10、thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification.Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of r
11、egulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of
12、 a Test MethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 9080 Thermoplastic Pipe for Transport of FluidsMethods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress RuptureData to Determine the Long Term Strength of Thermo-plastic Pipe32.3 Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI) Document:TN-16
13、 Rate Process Method for Projecting Performance ofPolyethylene Piping Components42.4 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Docu-ment:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Cur
14、rent edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F226307. DOI:10.1520/F2263-07R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite
16、 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1996 WATER: STATS Survey53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in acco
17、rdance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.1.1 brittle failure (Stage II), nfailure in the pipe wallthat is characterized by little or no material deformation in thefailure area and is the result of a single crack emanating fromthe interior of the pipe to the outside surface typica
18、lly resultingin a pinhole leak, see Fig. 1.3.1.2 cold water supply or service system, na combinationof components such as pipe, fittings, valves, and so forth, thatwhen installed as a complete system, make up the water supplysystem.3.1.3 ductile failure (Stage I), nfailure in the pipe wallthat is ch
19、aracterized by obvious localized deformation of thematerial visible with the unaided eye, see Fig. 1. Ductilefailures produced with this test method shall not be used fordata analysis.3.1.4 environmental or oxidative failure (Stage III),nfailure in the pipe wall characterized by a large number ofcra
20、cks emanating from the interior surface of the pipe wall, seeFig. 1.3.1.5 long-term oxidative resistance, nthe extrapolatedtime-to-failure prediction as determined by analysis of time-to-failure test data by multiple linear regression utilizing therate process method of PPI TN-16 or three parameter
21、model ofISO 9080.3.1.6 multiple linear regression, na three or four coeffi-cient mathematical model used to analyze time-to-failure datafrom different temperatures and stresses to extrapolate pro-jected time-to-failure at selected temperatures or stresses.3.1.7 oxidation reduction potential (ORP), n
22、oxidationreduction potential (ORP), n-a measure of the total oxidizingpower of a solution by means of a platinum-redox electrode.For a further explanation of ORP see Appendix X2.3.1.8 unaided eye, nobservable without visual enhance-ment beyond correction for normal vision.4. Summary of Test Method4.
23、1 The PE pipe/fitting assemblies are exposed to pressur-ized test-fluid until failure. All time-to-fail data used foranalysis shall be the result of the same failure mode, either allstage II or all stage III. A minimum number of test temperatureand hoop stress conditions are required to allow accura
24、te dataanalysis and time-to-failure extrapolations. If using only stageII failure data, no lifetime extrapolations can be made withoutfurther validation.5. Significance and Use5.1 Environment or oxidative time-to-fail data derived fromthis test method, analyzed in accordance with Section 13, aresuit
25、able for extrapolation to typical end-use temperatures andhoop stresses. The extrapolated value(s) provides a relativeindication of the resistance of the tested PE pipe or system tothe oxidative effects of chlorinated water for conditions equiva-lent to those conditions under which the test data wer
26、eobtained. The performance of a material or piping productunder actual conditions of installation and use is dependentupon a number of factors including installation methods, usepatterns, water quality, nature and magnitude of localizedstresses, and other variables of an actual, operating cold water
27、supply or service system that are not addressed in this testmethod. As such, the extrapolated values do not constitute arepresentation that a PE pipe or system with a given extrapo-lated time-to-failure value will perform for that period of timeunder actual use conditions.5.2 This test method has be
28、en generally used for evaluatingoxidative (stage III) failure data. For some systems being testedaccelerated stage II failures can occur. These failures can alsobe analyzed using the regression analysis outlined in Section13. Extrapolation of this data may need to be validated prior tomaking any lif
29、etime predictions.6. Apparatus6.1 Pressurized Flow-Through Test SystemAsystem com-prised of the necessary pump(s), fittings, piping, heaters,sensors, and meters that is capable of maintaining the requiredtest pressures within the tolerance specified in 9.1.3, therequired test temperatures within the
30、 tolerance of 9.1.2, andflow the test-fluid through the specimens continually at a flowrate within the tolerance specified in 9.1.4. Cyclic pressurevariations, such as those produced by some pumping systems,shall not produce pressure excursions that exceed the tolerancestated in 9.1.3.6.2 Specimen H
31、oldersTest specimens shall be supportedto minimize or eliminate externally induced stresses. Speci-mens shall be allowed to freely expand bi-directionally.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 SamplingSelect at random, a sufficient amount of pipeto satisfy the specimen requirements of this
32、test method. Whentesting as a system, randomly select a sufficient quantity offittings.5Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. QuincyAve., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.FIG. 1 Pictorial Illustration of Failure TypesF2263 07 (2011)27.2 Test Specimen SizeThe recommended
33、 minimum pipesize is12 CTS. The PE pipe specimens shall be 12 to 18 in.(300 to 460 mm) in length between fitting closures or betweenfitting joints.7.2.1 Dimensions MeasurementMeasure and record thecritical dimensions for pipe and fittings. For pipe, measure theaverage outside diameter and wall-thick
34、ness in accordancewith Test Method D2122. For fittings, measure those dimen-sions critical to the function of the joint, as well as minimumbody wall thickness.7.3 Testing as a SystemWhen testing PE pipe and relatedsystem components (such as fittings) as a system, the othercomponents shall be attache
35、d to the PE pipe in the samemanner as in actual service. For fittings, the particular fittingstyle shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions or the ASTM specification when applicable.7.4 Minimum Required Test UnitsA minimum of six testunits is required. A test unit is compr
36、ised of two or moreindividual time-to-failure data points at the same temperatureand hoop stress condition. Obtaining additional data points ateach temperature/hoop stress condition will benefit statisticalreliability of the analysis of the resultant data.7.4.1 Test Unit DistributionTime-to-failure
37、data pointsshall be obtained at 2 test hoop stresses at each of a minimumof 3 test temperatures for a minimum of 12 data points. As analternate, obtain time-to-failure data for the temperature/hoopstress combinations of the three-temperature matrix of PPITN-16, see Note 3. Hoop stresses shall be sep
38、arated by a least80 psi (0.55 MPa).NOTE 3When using the PPI TN-16 matrix, Temperature T3, whichrequires testing at only one stress, refers to the lowest test temperature.7.4.2 Test Temperature SelectionTemperatures of 90C(194F), 80C (176F), and 70C (158F) have been utilized inprior testing of PE, se
39、e Note 4.Adjacent test temperatures shallbe separated by at least 18F (10C). Other test temperaturesmay be used, but the maximum test temperature shall notexceed 95C (203F).NOTE 4Prior testing indicates that for the test temperatures stated in7.4.2, hoop stresses to yield Stage II or III failures wi
40、thin reasonabletesting times are between 120 psi (830 kPa) and 480 psi (3.31 MPa). Fora true SDR 9 tube, those hoop stresses correspond to test pressures of 30psig (207 kPa) to 120 psig (830 kPa). If a selected test hoop stressproduces Stage I failures, the stress will need to be reduced to produce
41、allStage II or all Stage III failures at all temperatures.7.4.2.1 Relationship of Internal Pressure to Hoop StressThe hoop stress in the pipe wall is calculated by the followingexpression, commonly known as the ISO equation:2S/P 5 DR 2 1 (1)or2S/P 5 Do/t! 2 1 (2)where:S = stress in the circumferenti
42、al or hoop direction, psi(MPa),P = internal pressure, psig (kPa),t = minimum wall thickness, in. (mm),DR = dimension ratio, DR, andDo= average outside diameter, in. (mm).8. Calibration and Standardization8.1 Measuring EquipmentAll measuring and testingequipment having an effect on the accuracy or va
43、lidity of thecalibrations or tests shall be calibrated or verified, or both,before being put into service.9. Test Fluid9.1 Internal Test FluidThe test fluid shall be reverseosmosis (RO) or deionized (DI) water prepared in accordancewith 9.1.1.9.1.1 RO or DI Water Test-Fluid PreparationTest fluidprep
44、ared from RO or DI water shall have a pH in the rangefrom 6.5 to 8.0 and contain 2.5 ppm to 5 ppm (milligrams perlitre) of free-chlorine. The chosen pH shall be maintained to 60.2 and the chosen free-chlorine concentration shall be main-tained to 6 0.2 ppm. The pH and free-chlorine concentrationcomb
45、ination shall yield a minimum ORPof 825 mV for the testfluid.9.1.2 Test Fluid Temperature ControlThe test fluid enter-ing each specimen shall be maintained to 61.8F (61C) ofthe test temperature.9.1.3 Pressure ControlThe pressure of the test fluid shallbe maintained to 63 psig (620.69 kPa).9.1.4 Test
46、 Fluid Flow RateThe flow rate of the test fluidshall yield a minimum velocity of 0.12 fps (0.04 mps). For thenominal size12 in., SDR 9 tubing, this corresponds to a flowrate of 0.06 gpm (0.23 LPM). The formula used to calculate theflow rates for other sizes and DRs is as follows:pid/2!2* FPS * 72023
47、15 gpm (3)where:id = measured inside diameter of the tubing, in.9.2 Test Fluid Instrument Accuracy:9.2.1 pHThe pH measurement and control instrumentsshall have an accuracy of 0.1 pH or better.9.2.2 Free-ChlorineFree-chlorine content measurementand control instruments shall have an accuracy of 0.1 pp
48、m orbetter.9.2.3 ORPThe ORP measurement and control instru-ments shall have an accuracy of 610 mV or better.10. External Environment10.1 The exterior environment shall be air and shall bemaintained at the target temperature of the test fluid tempera-ture 64.5F (62.5C). Direct, forced-air heating of
49、the speci-mens shall not be used.11. Specimen Positioning11.1 The specimens can be positioned vertically or horizon-tally. Horizontal positioning requires special attention to insurethat all entrapped air has been removed prior to starting thetest. For vertically positioned specimens, the test fluid shallflow into the specimens from the lower end.F2263 07 (2011)312. Procedure12.1 Perform the test procedure in accordance with 12.2-12.4 for the test units specified in 7.4 with a test fluid asspecified in Section 9.12.2 After conn
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