ASTM F2278-2003 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Paintball Barrier Netting《评定采弹拦截网的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2278 03An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluating Paintball Barrier Netting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis standard is intended to provide a basic test method that would allow the user to determine theeffectiveness of

3、paintball barrier netting. The use of safe paintball barrier netting at paintball playingfacilities is critical to protect non-players from accidental impact of a paintball.This specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of paintball barrier nettingtechnology. The intent is to revi

4、se this specification whenever substantive information becomesavailable which justifies revising existing requirements or adding new requirements.1. Scope1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate paintball barriernetting that may be used to delineate playing fields, chrono-graph areas, target ran

5、ges, and other “goggle-on” areas of anactive paintball site. An apparatus is suggested to evaluatepaintball barrier netting in a laboratory. On site testing does notrequire such an apparatus.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard; the inch-pound units in parentheses are

6、provided forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations

7、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport ofPaintball3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 “goggles-on” area, nareas in which all persons arerequired to wear paintball goggles, such as and not limit

8、ed toplaying fields, game areas, chronograph areas, and targetranges.3.1.2 muzzle, nthe end of the paintball marker throughwhich the paintball is discharged. Also referred to as the end ofthe barrel.3.1.3 paintball, na spherical ball, commonly with a diam-eter of 17.3 mm (0.68 in.), comprised of a s

9、hell and a fill,designed to be expelled from a paintball marker and conformsto Specification F 1979.3.1.4 paintball barrier netting, nnetting used in the sportof paintball as a protective barrier.3.1.5 paintball marker, na device specifically designed todischarge paintballs. The device is sometimes

10、referred to as apaintball gun.3.1.6 playing field, nan area delineated by a boundarymarker, in which paintball games are conducted.3.1.7 shell, na rigid to semi-rigid material (generally ofgelatin) that encapsulates the fill of a paintball.3.1.8 standard ambient temperature (SAT), nused to de-scribe

11、 a substance at a temperature of 25 6 2C (77 6 4F).4. Significance and Use4.1 This method is performed to evaluate if paintball barriernetting will prevent an intact paintball or shell fragmentsexceeding 3 by 5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.) from passingthrough the netting.4.2 This test method provides acc

12、urate results about thecurrent effectiveness of the test specimen when field-tested inan existing installation. Laboratory results are particularlyuseful for testing the relative effectiveness of multiple testspecimens.4.3 The results stemming from the use of this test methodmay be used to evaluate

13、the effectiveness of paintball barriernetting represented by the test specimen for use in delineating“goggles-on” areas found at paintball playing fields.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitt

14、ee F08.24 onPaintball and Equipment.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen

15、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.4 The base procedure outlined below is applicable to“field-testing.” Additional requirements for “laboratory” test-ing are noted.5. Interferences5.1

16、Laboratory testing does not account for variations thatcan be found in field tests. These variations include and are notlimited to temperature, UV exposure, wind direction, precipi-tation, and method of installation.5.1.1 This test method is also useful to evaluate the relativeperformance of one tes

17、t specimen to another, particularly in thelaboratory.6. Apparatus6.1 Paintball Marker, capable of hurling paintballs horizon-tally at a minimum speed of 94.5 m/s (310 ft/s).6.2 Paintballs, per Specification F 1979.6.3 Equipment employed to measure the speed of the testpaintball shall be used in acco

18、rdance with the manufacturersinstructions to measure the velocity of paintballs and shall beaccurate to within 60.5 m/s (61.6 ft/s) muzzle velocity.6.4 An appropriate backstop placed 30.5 6 2.5 cm (12 6 1in.) directly behind and parallel to the test specimen. Thebackstop shall be a minimum of 244 6

19、5cm(966 2 in.) highand 122 6 5cm(486 2 in.). The backstop shall be a hard,smooth surface that can withstand the impact of a paintball andcan be readily cleaned (see Fig. 1).6.5 If testing in a laboratory, the following apparatus shallbe used:6.5.1 Paintball Barrier Netting Rack, see Figs. 2 and 3. T

20、hisrack is capable of holding the 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.) testspecimen off the floor and providing vertical support 122 6 1cm (48 6 0.5 in.) apart at the center of the test specimen (seeFigs. 2 and 3). The bottom crossbar must have a minimumlength of 2.74 m (108 in.) and a weight of 5.6 6 0.1 kg (12.36

21、 0.2 lb).7. Hazards7.1 Failure of the test specimen, particularly if an intactpaintball passes through the test specimen, will render the testspecimen unusable until the test specimen is repaired orreplaced.8. Test Specimen8.1 The test specimen shall consist of paintball barriernetting installed in

22、actual use conditions, or8.2 For laboratory test only:8.2.1 The top of the test specimen is draped over the topcrossbar and fastened to itself with tie-wraps spaced 15.2 6 1cm (6 6 0.5 in.) apart. The tie-wraps must encircle the topcrossbar.8.2.2 The bottom of the test specimen is draped over thebot

23、tom crossbar (on the same side as the top) and fastened toitself with tie-wraps spaced 15.2 6 1cm(66 0.5 in.) apart,such that the overall length of the test specimen, including thepipes, is 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.). The tie-wraps must encirclethe bottom crossbar.8.2.3 The test specimen is suspended on t

24、he test rack withthe paintball barrier netting flush, against the test rack and nottouching the floor.8.3 The test specimen shall have a minimum horizontaldimension of 305 6 5 cm (120 6 2 in.) and a minimumvertical dimension of 244 6 5cm(966 2 in.).9. Conditioning9.1 The paintball barrier netting to

25、 be tested will be condi-tioned for at least 4 h. If tested in a laboratory, the paintballbarrier netting will be conditioned at SAT.9.2 All testing shall be done using paintballs manufacturedwithin the previous eight months.9.3 Paintball storage and the non-test handling shall be doneat a relative

26、humidity below 65 % and at SAT.9.4 Paintballs shall be conditioned in their original sealedcontainer for at least4hatthehumidity and temperaturespecified in 9.1.9.5 The testing shall be conducted at SAT for laboratorytests. Testing shall be completed within 10 min after removal ofthe paintball from

27、the sealed container. The paintball containershall be resealed immediately after each paintball is removed.10. Procedure10.1 The paintball marker shall be adjusted so that thevelocity of a paintball discharged from the marker would be aminimum of 94.4 m/s (310 ft/s).10.2 The muzzle of the paintball

28、marker shall be placed at adistance from the test specimen that is of interest to the tester.10.3 The muzzle of the paintball marker shall be placednominally normal to the test specimen, at a distance of 154 615 cm (60 6 6 in.) from the bottom and centered horizontallyto the middle of the test speci

29、men.10.3.1 If an area to be tested is above 154 6 15 cm (60 66 in.), the bottom of the test specimen, the muzzle, will bemaintained at 154 6 15 cm (60 6 6 in.) and the marker aimedat the test are, immediately vertical from the nominally normalposition.10.4 In a safe manner, discharge ten paintballs

30、that impactthe test specimen within a circle centered 154 6 15 cm (60 66 in.) from the bottom and centered horizontally to the middleof the test specimen, at 1-s intervals between discharges.FIG. 1 Testing Apparatus LayoutF227803210.4.1 The diameter of the circle will be 5 cm (2 in.) forevery 1.54 m

31、 (5 ft) from the test specimen. For example, 15.4cm (6 in.) diameter at 4.6 m (15 ft), 1 m (40 in.) diameter at30.5 m (100 ft).10.5 Observe the material passing through the paintballbarrier netting and note at each test distance if netting allows topass intact paintballs or shell fragments greater t

32、han 3 mm by5 mm (0.118 by 0.197 in.).10.6 Record the date, time, air temperature, atmosphericpressure, and relative humidity at the time of testing.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No precision statement on the test method is availableat this time.12. Keywords12.1 paintball; paintball barrier netting; pai

33、ntball markers;paintball sportsFIG. 2 Netting Test Rack (Front View)F2278033ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validit

34、y of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comment

35、s are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not

36、 received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 3 Netting Test Rack (Side View)F2278034