ASTM F2283-2004(2009) Standard Specification for Shipboard Oil Pollution Abatement System《船载防油污染系统的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F2283 04 (Reapproved 2009)An American National StandardStandard Specification forShipboard Oil Pollution Abatement System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of

2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers a shipboard oil pollution abate-ment system (OPAS) that processes oil

3、y waste and allowsselective suction from all oily waste holding tanks, waste oil,dirty oil, and drain tanks and the bilges of all oily watergenerating spaces for operation within the U.S. ContiguousZone as excepted by local regulatory authorities.1.1.1 This specification covers the system from the p

4、oint ofentering the system until the oil-water mixture is treated anddischarged overboard.1.1.2 This includes minimizing oily waste generation, theoily waste holding tank, the oil-water separation device, thecontrol system, feed and recirculation pump(s), a secondarytreatment device, and an automati

5、c stopping device capable ofdetecting 15 ppm oil in the waste stream.1.1.3 Fig. 1 provides a general system schematic to utilizefor system configuration.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 PSI Tensile StrengthA312/A312M Specification

6、for Seamless, Welded, andHeavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel PipesA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements forSpecialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel Pi

7、peB165 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNSN04400)* Seamless Pipe and TubeF467 Specification for Nonferrous Nuts for General UseF468 Specification for Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws,and Studs for General UseF708 Practice for Design and Installation of Rigid PipeHangersF992 Specification for

8、Valve Label PlatesF993 Specification for Valve Locking DevicesF998 Specification for Centrifugal Pump, Shipboard UseF1030 Practice for Selection of Valve OperatorsF1098 Specification for Envelope Dimensions for ButterflyValvesNPS 2 to 24F1122 Specification for Quick Disconnect Couplings (6 in.NPS an

9、d Smaller)F1155 Practice for Selection and Application of PipingSystem MaterialsF1166 Practice for Human Engineering Design for MarineSystems, Equipment, and FacilitiesF1298 Specification for Flexible, Expansion-Type BallJoints for Marine ApplicationsF1323 Specification for Shipboard IncineratorsF13

10、37 Practice for Human Engineering Program Require-ments for Ships and Marine Systems, Equipment, andFacilitiesF1510 Specification for Rotary Positive DisplacementPumps, Ships UseF1511 Specification for Mechanical Seals for ShipboardPump ApplicationsF2044 Specification for Liquid Level Indicating Equ

11、ipment,Electrical2.2 ANSI Standards:3B16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flange FittingsB16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges, Flanged Valves and Fittings 150,300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 lbB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedB16.24 Bronze Flanges and Flanged Fittings 150, 300 lb2.3 Code o

12、f Federal Regulations:433 CFR Part 155 Department of Homeland Security, U.S.Coast Guard (USCG), Oil or Hazardous Material Pollu-tion Prevention Regulations for Vessels40 CFR Part 136 Guidelines Establishing Test Proceduresfor the Analysis of Pollutants46 CFR Part 162 Department of Homeland Security,

13、 U.S.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 onMarine Environmental Protection.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous ed

14、ition approved in 2004 as F2283 - 04. DOI:10.1520/F2283-04R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website

15、.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100

16、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Coast Guard (USCG), Engineering Equipment46 CFR Part 147 Department of Homeland Security, U.S.Coast Guard (USCG), Hazardous Ships Stores40 CFR Part 171 Department of Transportation (DoT),Research and Special Programs Adm

17、inistration (RSPA),General Information, Regulations and Definitions2.4 Other Documents:64 Federal Register Number 173, 8 September 1999 Con-tiguous Zone Proclamation ANSI/NFPA No. 70 NationalElectrical Code5IEEE 45-2002 Recommended Practice for Electric Installa-tions on Shipboard International Conv

18、ention for the Pre-venting of Pollution from Ships (1973), as modified by theProtocols of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78) and 1997 and asso-ciated Annexes, including Annex I and Annex VI6Resolution MEPC.107(49) Revised Guidelines and Specifi-cations for Pollution Prevention Equipment for MachinerySpace Bilges o

19、f Ships7Public Law 92-500 Federal Water Pollution Control Act,October 18, 1972, as amended by Public Law 95-217,Clean Water Act, December 27, 1977, as amended Under-writers Laboratories Standard 913 (as revised April 8,1976)5UL Standard 913 Standard for Intrinsically Safe Apparatusand Associated App

20、aratus for Use in Class I, II, III,Division 1, Hazardous (Classified) Locations8ISO 93772:2000 Water QualityDetermination of Hydro-carbon Oil IndexPart 2: Method Using Solvent Extrac-tion and Gas Chromatography93. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 15 ppm separation

21、devicea separation device that isdesigned to remove enough oil from an oil-water mixture toprovide a resulting mixture that has an oil concentration of 15ppm or less.3.1.2 automatic stopping devicea device that automati-cally stops any discharge overboard of oily mixture when theoil content of the e

22、ffluent exceeds 15 ppm.3.1.3 bilge alarman instrument that is designed to mea-sure the oil content of oily mixtures from machinery spacebilges and fuel oil tanks that carry ballast and activate an alarmat a set concentration limit.3.1.4 bilge monitoran instrument that is designed tomeasure and recor

23、d the oil content of oily mixtures frommachinery space bilges and fuel oil tanks that carry ballast.3.1.5 cargo monitoran instrument that is designed tomeasure and record the oil content of cargo residues fromcargo tanks and oily mixtures combined with these residues.3.1.6 contiguous zonethe entire

24、zone established by theUnited States under Contiguous Zone Proclamation.64 Fed. Reg 1733.1.7 dischargeincludes, but is not limited to, any spill-ing, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, or dump-ing.3.1.8 hazardous materialsany material or combination ofmaterial that poses a substantial da

25、nger to human beings,plants, animals and the marine environment. A material ishazardous if it possesses one or more of the followingcharacteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, toxicity, andradioactivity.3.1.9 independent laboratorya laboratory that is notowned or controlled by a manufact

26、urer, supplier, or vendor ofseparators, monitors, or bilge alarms.3.1.10 oiloil of any kind or in any form, including, but notlimited to, petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse, and oil mixedwith wastes other than dredged soil.3.1.11 oil content monitorinstruments that are designed tomeasure the oi

27、l content of the oil-water separator effluentdischarge and that automatically diverts any discharge of oilymixture when the oil content of the effluent exceeds 15 ppm.3.1.12 oil-water separation devicemay include any com-bination of a separator, filter, coalescer or other means, and also5Available f

28、rom U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-13317Available from International Maritime Org

29、anization (IMO), Marine Environ-mental Protection Committee (MEPC), 4 Albert Embankment, London, SE1 7SR,U.K.8Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.9Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb

30、, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.FIG. 1 Notional Shipboard Oil Pollution AbatementF2283 04 (2009)2a single unit designed to produce an effluent with oil contentnot exceeding 15 ppm.3.1.13 ppmparts of oil per million parts of water byvolume.3.1.14 public vessela vessel owned or bare

31、boat charteredand operated by the United States, or by a State or politicalsubdivision thereof, or by a foreign nation, except when thevessel is engaged in commerce.3.1.15 remove or removalrefers to containment and re-moval of the oil from the water and shorelines or the taking ofsuch other actions

32、as may be necessary to prevent, minimize, ormitigate damage to the public health or welfare, including, butnot limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, and public and privateproperty, shorelines, and beaches.3.1.16 synthetic oiloils that are not petroleum based, butchemical based, do not rise to the s

33、urface of water and are asheavy or heavier than water.3.1.17 United Statesthe States, the District of Columbia,the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of theNorthern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the VirginIslands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.3.1.18 vesselevery

34、description of watercraft or other arti-ficial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means oftransportation on water other than a public vessel.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders shall include the following information:4.1.1 Sizing requirements.4.1.2 Processing rate requirements.4.1.3 Addi

35、tional control requirements.4.1.4 Any additional requirements required by the purchaserto meet special needs.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Bilge Management:5.1.1 Design machinery spaces to be as dry as practical andprovide means, such as piping insulation and other condensa-tion containment featur

36、es. Use drip pans and other oil contain-ment devices to minimize contamination of bilge water.5.1.2 Means, based upon unique ship/machinery design,shall be provided to prevent the introduction of synthetic oilsand emulsifying agents into bilge water or the ships OPAS.Synthetic oils have specific gra

37、vity very close to 1.0, thereforecompounding the complexity of the oil/water separation prob-lem. Means might include:5.1.2.1 Dedicated drain lines piped from drip pans undermachinery using synthetic oils to a waste synthetic oils storagedevice.5.1.2.2 Others as specified by the OPAS/ship designer t

38、hatmeet the prohibition on introduction of synthetics into the shipsbilge water and/or OPAS.5.2 Oil Pollution Abatement SystemGeneral:5.2.1 The goal of the OPAS is to reduce the volume ofoil-contaminated water that must be held onboard the ship indedicated waste oil or sludge tanks. This is accompli

39、shed byprocessing oily waste water through oil-water separator equip-ment to produce OPAS permeate meeting regulatory limits thatcan be discharged overboard.5.2.2 The system shall not utilize dilution as a means ofobtaining pollution discharge limits.5.2.3 From Resolution MEPC.017(49): The OPAS must

40、 becapable of handling any oily mixtures from the machineryspace bilges and be expected to be effective over the completerange of oils which might be carried on board ship, and dealsatisfactorily with oil of very high relative density, or with amixture presented to it as an emulsion. Cleansing agent

41、s,emulsifiers, solvents, or surfactants used for cleaning purposesmay cause the bilge water to emulsify. Proper measures shouldbe taken to minimize the presense of these substances in thebilges of a ship. With the possibility of emulsified bilge wateralways present, the oil-water separator must be c

42、apable ofseparating the oil from the emulsion to produce an effluent withan oil content not exceeding 15 ppm.5.2.4 All OPAS components shall minimize the effort re-quired for their draining, accessing, cleaning, maintenance, andpreservation.5.2.5 The OPAS system shall operate as specified hereinwith

43、in relative humidity limits of 5 to 95 %.5.2.6 The OPAS equipment shall not be damaged nor shallsubsequent operational performance be degraded as a result ofexposure to salt fog.5.2.7 When in a non-operating state, the OPAS shall not bedamaged nor shall subsequent operational performance bedegraded

44、as a result of all external components being subjectedto seawater spray.5.2.8 The OPAS shall minimize turbulent fluid flow, oil andwater mixing and emulsification, and oil droplet size reduction.5.2.9 The oily waste holding tank shall be designed as abaffled settling tank, allowing bilge water to se

45、parate into oiland water with means provided to pump bulk oil to the wasteoil tank.5.2.10 Effluent exceeding the oil content limit shall berecirculated to the oil-water separator by means other thancentrifugal pumps per 5.2.17.1. A dedicated waste oil pumpshall be provided for handling of waste oil

46、and transfer ofwaste oil to shore or the ships incinerator (if provided).5.2.11 If waste oil is to be held on board rather than beingdestroyed, the waste oil tank(s) shall satisfy the requirement forsludge tanks given in MARPOL73/78Annex 1, Regulation 17,Unified Interpretation 8.1.5.2.11.1 For vesse

47、ls less than 400 GT, oily waste shall bepermitted to be stored in the bilge.5.2.12 Waste oil incinerators, if provided, shall meet Speci-fication F1323.5.2.13 The oil-water separator shall operate manually andautomatically based on float switches in the oily waste holdingtank(s).5.2.14 The OPAS shal

48、l be automated to take suction fromoily water generating spaces by means of level switches.5.2.15 An oil-water separator shall be provided and shall besized to process the oily water at a rate equal to the dailygeneration of oily water.5.2.16 An automatic stopping device shall be fitted down-stream

49、of the oil-water separator to monitor oil-water separatoreffluent.F2283 04 (2009)35.2.17 Suction from spaces that generate oily water shall beby means of a dedicated oily waste transfer pump(s).5.2.17.1 OPAS pumps shall impart low shear force into thebilge water in all suction lines before the oil-water separationdevice, including oily waste holding tank, therefore centrifugalpumps shall not be used for this purpose.5.2.17.2 For vessels greater than 400 GT, OPAS design shallcollect oily water in a dedicated oily waste holding tank sizedto hold seven days