1、Designation: F 2318 04Standard Specification forRotary Wing Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support,and Specialized Medical Support Air Ambulances1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2318; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers rotary wing aircraft involvedin patient prehospital e
3、mergency medical care and transporta-tion. It outlines the minimum requirements, including person-nel, and patient care equipment and supplies, that must be metbefore the aircraft can be classified as a rotary wing airambulance unit.1.2 The first part of this specification (Sections 1 through13.2) d
4、escribes the minimum aircraft configuration and capa-bility, the minimum number of seats for personnel, and theprovisions for the minimum medical equipment and suppliesfor rotary wing basic life support air ambulances.1.3 The provisions of this specification plus the provisionsof the Advanced Life S
5、upport (ALS) Annex comprise thespecification for rotary wing advanced life support air ambu-lances.(See Section 1 and 1.1 of the Advanced Life Support(ALS) Annex for the scope for rotary wing advanced lifesupport air ambulances.)1.4 The provisions of this specification plus the provisionsof the Adva
6、nced Life Support Annex, plus the provisions in theSpecialized Medical Support (SMS) Annex comprise thespecification for rotary wing specialized medical support airambulances. (See Sections 1 through 1.3 of the SpecializedMedical Support (SMS) Annex for the scope for rotary wingspecialized medical s
7、upport air ambulances.)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3577 Specification for Rubber Surgical GlovesD 3578 Specification for Rubber Examination GlovesF 920 Specification for Minimum Performance and SafetyRequirements for Resuscitators Intended for Use withHumansF 960 Specification for M
8、edical and Surgical Suction andDrainage Systems3F 1031 Practice for Training the Emergency Medical Tech-nician (Basic)F 1118 Specification for National Air Medical TransportUnits Resources CatalogF 1149 Practice for Qualifications, Responsibilities, andAuthority of Individuals and Institutions Provi
9、ding Medi-cal Direction of Emergency Medical ServicesF 1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vicesF 1219 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian (Basic) to Perform Patient Primary AssessmentF 1220 Guide for Emergency Medical Services System(EMSS) TelecommunicationsF 1229 Gu
10、ide for Establishing the Qualifications, Educa-tion, and Training of EMS, Air-Medical Patient CareProvidersF 1555 Guide for Characteristics for Extremity SplintsF 1556 Guide for Spinal Immobilization and Extrication(Spined) Device CharacteristicsF 1557 Guide for Full Body Spinal Immobilization Devic
11、es(FBSID) CharacteristicsF 1558 Guide for Characteristics for Adjunct Cervical SpineImmobilization Devices (ACSID)F 1559 Guide for Characteristics for Cervical Spine Immo-bilization Collar(s) (CSIC)2.2 NTIS Document:4USARTL-TR-79-22D Aircraft Crash Survival DesignGuide2.3 Federal Laws and Regulation
12、s:514 CFR Chapter 1Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)Rules and Regulations, Parts 1-49 and 61-139; specifi-cally, Subpart 135.19Emergency Operations, and Sub-part 135.271Helicopter Hospital Emergency Medical1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 onEmergency Medical Se
13、rvices and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF30.01 on EMS Equipment.Current edition approved Apr. 1, 2004. Published May 2004.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
14、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) , 5285 PortRoyal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. http:/www.ntis.gov. Accession Number ADA2118434.5Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
15、Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402. When indicated, reprints of certain regulations maybe obtained from the Federal agency responsible for issuance thereof.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Evacuation Servi
16、ces2.4 Federal Standards/Specifications:6FAA Technical Standard Orders C-22g Safety Belts, andC114 Torso Restraint Systems29 CFR Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationStandard 1910.120, Hazardous Waste Operations andEmergency Response29 CFR Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationStandar
17、d 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens29 CFR Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationStandard 1010.134, Respiratory Protection21 CFR Food and Drug AdministrationMedical DevicesDOT Specification RR-C-901/3 Cylinders Compressed Gas:With Valve or Plug and Cap; ICC3aa2.5 FAA Advisory Circulars (AC):7AC
18、43.13-2A Acceptable Methods, Techniques and Prac-tices, Aircraft AlterationsAC 135.14 Emergency Medical Services/Helicopter(EMS/H)2.6 Military Standards:8MIL-STD-101 Color Coding, Medical GasesMIL-STD-202 Test Methods For Electronic and ElectricComponent PartsMIL-STD-461 Department of Defense Interf
19、ace Standard,Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interfer-ence Characteristics of Subsystems and EquipmentMIL-STD-704 Aircraft Electric Power CharacteristicsMIL-STD-810E Environmental Test Methods and Engi-neering GuidelinesMIL-STD-39226 Compressed Gas CylindersMIL-STD-1472 Human Factors
20、2.7 National Fire Protection Association Standards:9NFPA 56F Standard for Nonflammable Medical Gas Sys-temsNFPA 70 National Electrical CodeNFPA 407-8 Aircraft Fuel Servicing, paragraphs 24.1NFPA 99 Electrical Safety2.8 Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Standards:10CGA C-9 Standard for Color-Marking o
21、f Compressed GasCylinders Intended for Medical UseCGA E-7 Standard for Flow meters, Pressure ReducingRegulators, regulator/Flow Meter and Regulator/Flowgage Combinations for the Administration of MedicalGasesCGA P-2 Characteristics and Safe Handling of MedicalGasesCGA P-4 Safe Handling of Cylinders
22、by Emergency RescueSquadsCGA V-1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and InletConnectionsCGA V-5 Diameter Index Safety System2.9 Canadian Standards Association (CSA):11CSA Standard Z305.1M Nonflammable Medical Gas PipingSystemsCSA Standard Z305.2M Low Pressure Connecting Assem-blies for Medical Gas
23、 SystemsCSA Standard Z305.3M Pressure Regulators, Gages andFlow Metering Devices for Medical Gas Systems2.10 American National Standards Institute and Associa-tion for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (ANSI/AAMI):12ANSI Z79.3 Anesthetic EquipmentOropharyngeal andNasopharyngeal AirwaysANSI Z79.
24、6 Breathing TubesANSI Z79.14 Anesthetic EquipmentTracheal TubesANSI/AAMI SP9 Standard for Nonautomated Sphygmo-manometersANSI/AAMI SP10 Standard for Automated Sphygmoma-nometers2.11 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE):13SAE Air 825B Oxygen Equipment for AircraftSAE AS 1198 Continuous Flow Oxygen R
25、egulator2.12 Underwriters Laboratory (UL):14UL 2601-1 Standard for SafetyMedical ElectricalEquipmentPart 1: General Requirements for Safety3. Terminology3.1 Following are definitions used in this specification.3.2 Definitions Relating to Personnel:3.2.1 air ambulance providerthe individual or entity
26、 thatholds the state (or equivalent) air ambulance provider certifi-cate and is responsible for and manages the operation of the airambulance.3.2.2 air-medical crewmemberstransport personnelwhose primary function is to carry out the medical duties of themedical mission that has been accepted by an a
27、ir ambulance.They are qualified to perform the medical responsibilities ofthe mission to the standard established for the designated airambulance category (basic life support, advanced life support,or specialized).3.2.3 flight crewmemberstransport personnel whose pri-mary function is to operate and
28、navigate the aircraft under thespecified conditions, in accordance with all the applicableFederal Aviation regulations. Flight crewmembers includepilots, navigators, radio operators, and crew chiefs.3.2.4 transport personnelflight crewmembers and air-medical crewmembers who by specialized training (
29、as defined6Copies of Federal standards and specifications are available from FederalStandards and Specifications, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, 732 N. Capital St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.7FAA Advisory Circulars are available online at http:/www.faa.go
30、v/RegulatoryAdvisory/ac_index.htm.8Copies of Military specifications and standards required by suppliers inconnection with specific procurement functions should be obtained from theprocuring activity or as directed by the contracting officer.9Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA
31、), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269, http:/www.nfpa.org.10Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 1725 Jefferson DavisHwy., Suite 1004, Arlington, VA 22202-4102, http:/.11Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W 1R3, http:/www.csa.ca1
32、2Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.13Available from Technical Division, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.14Available from Underwriters Labora
33、tories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062, http:/.F2318042in Guide F 1229 or applicable FAA regulations) are currentlyqualified to carry out their assigned duties.3.3 Descriptions of Terms Relating to Aircraft:3.3.1 air ambulancean aircraft that is capable of meetingthe
34、 standard for a medical transport unit if the requisitepersonnel, equipment, and supplies are added. It does notinclude the personnel and the onboard medical equipment.3.3.2 rotary wing aircraftaircraft that use a rotor systemto take off and land vertically. They include helicopters andtiltrotor air
35、craft.3.4 Descriptions of Terms Relating to Patient CareEquipmentPatient care equipment is defined as that equip-ment related to the medical mission. It includes:3.4.1 permanently installed patient care equipmentdesigned to be used inside the air ambulance. It may beself-contained or it may depend o
36、n the aircrafts power source,or a combination of both.3.4.2 portable patient care equipmentself-contained anddesigned for use en route, at the pick-up point, and in transit.It implies being capable of being hand carried. Some items ofportable patient care equipment may have the option of usingthe ai
37、rcrafts sources of power and medical gases.3.4.3 transportable patient care equipmentnot necessarilyself-contained. It may be used en route if qualified for use inflight, and if power and accessibility are available.3.5 Descriptions of Terms Relating to CommunicationsAirborne communication equipment
38、 consists of three groups,depending on its primary function:3.5.1 aviation communication equipmentequipment in-stalled in the aircraft, used by the flight crew for traffic control,navigation of the aircraft, and receiving weather information.3.5.2 intercommunication equipmentequipment, used bythe tr
39、ansport personnel to facilitate conversations between theflight crew and air-medical crewmembers and, in some cases,with the patient.3.5.3 medical communication equipmentequipment in-stalled in the aircraft, used by the transport personnel tofacilitate conversations between the air-medical crewmembe
40、rsand the emergency medical system in which they operate. Itincludes voice communication with public service and medicalground units, with selected medical control, and with EMSsystems dispatch centers. It can include equipment for thetransmission of graphic data.3.6 Descriptions of Terms Relating t
41、o Documentation:3.6.1 national air ambulance resources catalogthe docu-ment produced in accordance with the format that is containedin Specification F 1118. The format is a guideline so that thecatalog will contain standardized, comparable data on existingair medical transport units. The short title
42、 “Resources Catalog”may be used when the meaning is clear.3.7 Descriptions of Terms Relating to the Mission:3.7.1 basic life support levela level of patient care whereall the skills required for basic life support can be effectivelyapplied at any time during the complete mission.3.7.2 categorya leve
43、l of patient care, relating to thecapability of the air medical transport unit. There are variouslevels including, but not limited to, basic life support, advancedlife support, and specialized medical care.3.7.3 declared effective service rangethe number of nau-tical miles, without resupply of aviat
44、ion or medical require-ments, within which the rotary wing medical transport unit canbe expected to operate.3.7.4 declared response timethe normal minimum num-ber of minutes required between the initial notification of themedical mission and the liftoff of the air medical transport unit.3.7.5 declar
45、ed service areathe area designated by the airambulance provider where the rotary wing medical transportunit is operationally capable of response. It includes pre-defined limits in range, altitude and weather, over water,instrument flight, and day/night capability.3.7.6 medical missionan accepted med
46、ical flight from theinitial notification to the completion or cancellation.3.7.7 rotary wing air ambulancea rotary wing medicaltransport vehicle, the crew, and onboard equipment that meetsthe standard for the named category.3.7.8 rotary wing advanced life support air ambulanceaunit that meets the st
47、andard described in the Annex entitledALS Advanced Life Support.3.7.9 specialized medical support level of patient carealevel of patient care that is directed to particular problems thatare usually already undergoing advanced treatment. Typically,the patient is being moved to a facility that can pro
48、videadditional service. It may also include the need for specialequipment not normally required in air ambulances, such asincubators, left ventricular assist devices, pressure chambers,and so forth.3.7.10 independent accredited testing laboratorya testingfacility that is accredited in accordance wit
49、h the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Volun-tary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) to performspecific calibrations and tests that it is contracted to performand (1) has no business relationship with the company whoseproduct it is testing other than the fee-for-service testing of thatcompanys product; (2) has no corporate stock that is directlyowned by a principal of the company whose product is beingtested; and (3) has no conflict-of-interest by accepting fee-for-service testing
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