ASTM F2372-2011a Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Shopping Carts《购物手推车的消费者安全性能标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F2372 11aStandard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forShopping Carts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification is intended to address injuries to children associated with fallsfrom shopping carts. Based on data from

3、 the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), falls are among the leading causes of headinjuries to young children. The most common injury resulted when a child fell or climbed out of ashopping cart because the restraint system was not bei

4、ng used. Falls from shopping carts most oftenoccur when children stand up in the child seat or the cart basket. Falls also occur when children climbon the outside of the cart and cause the cart to tip over. Falls from the child seat occur when thechildren are not buckled or when they wriggle out of,

5、 or unbuckle, the seat restraints. Children can alsofall from or with an infant seat, infant carrier, or a car seat placed on the cart seat.NoteThis consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents andinjuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with childre

6、n in shopping carts or incidentsresulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art ofshopping cart technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes availa

7、ble which necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety performance specification coversperformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments for shopping carts and restraint systems.1.2 This specification is inte

8、nded to cover children who areat least six months of age and at least 15 lb (7 kg) up to childrenwho are not more than four years of age and who weigh nomore than 35 lb (16 kg).1.3 This specification does not include any provisions nor isintended for use of infant carriers.1.4 No shopping cart or re

9、straint system produced after theapproval date of this consumer safety performance specifica-tion shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliancewith this specification unless it conforms to all requirementsherein.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard

10、. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility

11、 of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1501 Method for Ident

12、ifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children under 3 Years ofAge which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards because of Small Parts316 CFR 1700 Poison Prevention Packaging Act32.3 Other Document:CRABI 12 Dummy 49 CFR 572, subpart R (see Fig. 1)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions o

13、f Terms Specific to This Standard:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.56 onShopping Carts.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Last previousedition approved in 2011 as F

14、2372 11. DOI: 10.1520/F2372-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Governme

15、nt Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 child-resistant buckles, nbuckles or closures thatadults can operate, y

16、et exceed the capabilities of a highpercentage of children in the occupant age range as stated in1.2.3.1.2 conspicuous, nlabel that is visible, when the unit isin a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the unit butnot necessarily visibl

17、e from all positions.3.1.3 label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal)that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tears leavinga sharply defined edge.3.1.4 restraint system, napparatus generally used as ameans of limiting movement of a child occupant.3.1.5 shopping cart, nnon-mot

18、orized, wheeled vehiclegenerally used for the transport of items by customers whileshopping in self-service stores.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.2 No testing shall be conducte

19、d within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.3 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hbefore testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 Labeling:5.1.1 Warning labels shall be permanent whe

20、n tested inaccordance with 7.5.5.1.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, silkscreening, and so forth shall be permanent when tested inaccordance with 7.5.5.1.3 Labels shall not liberate small parts when tested inaccordance with

21、 7.5.3.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Rolling QualityThe cart shall be fitted with at leastfour wheels, of which at least two shall be able to swivel.6.2 Restraining System:6.2.1 All shopping carts with a child seating area must havean adjustable child restraint system. The shopping carts childrestr

22、aint system and occupancy retention capabilities shallinclude, but not be limited to a mid-torso strap or otheradjustable restraining device designed to restrain the child,when tested in accordance with 7.2 and 7.3.6.2.2 The shopping cart shall have a passive crotch restraint.6.2.3 The child restrai

23、nt system shall use child-resistantbuckles or closures that adults can operate, yet exceed thecapabilities of a high percentage of children in the occupantage range as stated in 1.2 when tested in accordance with 7.4.6.2.4 The restraint system shall be permanently attached tothe shopping cart in suc

24、h a manner that it will not becomedetached through normal use. The anchorages for the restraintsystem shall not separate from their attachment points whentested in accordance with 7.2.6.2.5 The restraint system and its closing means (for ex-ample, buckle) shall not break, separate, or permit removal

25、 ofthe CRABI 12 test dummy from the child seating compartmentwhen tested in accordance with 7.3.7. Test Methods7.1 If during the course of conducting the test methods inthis safety specification, a test model suffers any permanentdeformation or damage, an additional test model of the samemodel shall

26、 be used for the remainder of the test methods.7.2 Restraint System Integrity Test:7.2.1 Secure the shopping cart so that it cannot movevertically or horizontally. Secure sections of the folding childseat and gate as needed before testing.7.2.2 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to a single attachmentp

27、oint of the restraint system in the normal use direction(s) sothat stress would be applied to that attachment. Graduallyapply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10 s.7.2.3 Repeat 7.2.2 for a total of five times with a maximuminterval of 5 s between tests.7.2.4 Repeat 7.2.2 and 7.2.3

28、 for each attachment point of therestraint system.7.3 Restraint System Occupant Retention Test:7.3.1 Secure the shopping cart so that it cannot movevertically or horizontally. Secure sections of the folding childseat and gate as needed before testing.7.3.2 Place a CRABI 12 Dummy (see Fig. 1) in the

29、childseat. The Dummy is to be unclothed.7.3.2.1 Apply and adjust the restraint system to the intendeduse position to properly restrain the occupant.FIG. 1 CRABI 12 DummyF2372 11a27.3.2.2 Adjust the waist restraint using the webbing tensionpull device shown in Fig. 2 so that a force of 2 lbf (9 N) ap

30、pliedto the waist restraint will provide at least a14-in. (6-mm) spacebetween the waist restraint and the CRABI 12 dummy.7.3.3 Perform the following tests without readjusting therestraint system:7.3.3.1 Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) horizontally onthe approximate centerline of either leg of t

31、he dummy. Gradu-ally apply the force within 5 s and maintain for an additional 10s.7.3.3.2 Repeat 7.3.3.1 four times with a maximum intervalof 2 s between tests.7.3.3.3 Apply a pull force of 45 lbf (200 N) verticallyupwards in line with the approximate centerline of the dum-mys torso. Gradually appl

32、y the force within 5 s and maintainfor an additional 10 s.7.3.3.4 Repeat 7.3.3.3 four times with a maximum intervalof 2 s between tests.7.4 Child-Resistance Effectiveness and Adult-Use Effective-ness:7.4.1 Buckles or closures shall be tested in parallel with 16CFR 1700.7.5 Permanency of Labels and W

33、arnings:7.5.1 A label shall be considered permanent if, during anattempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, itcannot be removed or such action damages the surface towhich it is attached.7.5.2 Adhesion test for warnings applied directly onto thesurface of the product.7.5.2.1 Apply the

34、 tape test defined in Test MethodBCross-Cut Tape Test, from Test Methods D3359, eliminat-ing parallel cuts.7.5.2.2 Perform this test method once in each differentlocation where warnings are applied.7.5.2.3 The warning statements will be considered perma-nent if the printing in the area tested is sti

35、ll legible and attachedafter being subjected to this test.7.5.3 A label, during an attempt to remove it without the aidof tools or solvents, shall not be removed or shall not fitentirely within the small parts cylinder defined in 16 CFR 1501if it can be removed.8. Marking and Labeling8.1 Each shoppi

36、ng cart and restraint system and its retailcarton, if applicable, shall be marked clearly and legibly toindicate the following:NOTE 1Dimension A: Width of webbing plus18 in. (3 mm).NOTE 2Dimension B: One half of Dimension A.FIG. 2 Webbing Tension Pull DeviceF2372 11a38.1.1 Name of manufacturer, impo

37、rter, distributor, or seller.8.1.2 Model number, stock number, catalog number, itemnumber, type, company trademark/ID, or other symbol ex-pressed numerically, or otherwise, such that only articles ofidentical construction, change the model number (etc.) when-ever a significant structural or design m

38、odification is made thateffects its conformance with this consumer safety specification.8.1.3 Code mark or other means that identifies the date(month and year as a minimum) manufactured.8.2 Each shopping cart shall have warning statements. Thewarning statements shall be in contrasting color(s), perm

39、anent,conspicuous, and sans serif style font.8.2.1 In warning statements, the safety alert symbol “”and the word “WARNING” shall not be less than 0.2 in. (5mm) high. The remainder of the text shall be characters whoseupper case shall be at least 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) high.8.2.2 The shopping cart shall ha

40、ve the following warningstatements and symbols as shown in Fig. 4 as a minimum.8.2.3 The safety alert symbol and word “WARNING” andthe signal word panel shall be in contrasting colors or contrastwith the background color in the base material.8.2.4 The message and symbol/pictorial panels shall be inc

41、ontrasting colors or contrast with the background color in thebase material.8.3 State or local laws may require a special notice beplaced on the shopping cart. This notice may appear on thewarning label seat flap above or below the warning shown inFig. 4, or as the example shown in Fig. 5, or be pla

42、ced atanother location on the shopping cart as may be required.8.4 Promotional messages, store names, and safety prompt-ing messages may appear on the restraint and the shopping cartin addition to 8.2.2 and in accordance with 7.5.8.5 Shopping carts and restraint systems meeting all parts ofthis spec

43、ification shall be labeled “Meets ASTM F2372.”9. Operation9.1 Manufacturer Responsibilities:9.1.1 Instructional LiteratureThe manufacturer shall pro-vide instructions with the product shipment in the Englishlanguage that shall be easy to read and understand. Theseinstructions shall include where app

44、licable, the following:9.1.1.1 Installation and assembly.9.1.1.2 Include the statement: The recommended child oc-cupant age and weight requirements for shopping carts arechildren who are at least six months of age and at least 15 lb(7 kg) up to children who are not more than four years of ageand who

45、 weigh no more than 35 lb (16 kg).9.1.1.3 Repeat warnings in 8.2.2.9.1.1.4 Safety inspection criteria.9.1.1.5 Maintenance recommendations.9.1.1.6 Include the statement: Remove any shopping cartfrom service (consumer use/any use), if it is found to bedamaged or it fails one or more checks of 9.1.1.4

46、(safetyinspection criteria) until repair or replacement can be made.9.1.1.7 Safe use guidelines (dos and donts).9.1.1.8 A phone number, E-mail address, or facsimile num-ber to be used by retailer to ask questions, or to seek assistancein regard to shopping carts and restraint systems.FIG. 3 Label Pe

47、rmanency Test ClampF2372 11a49.1.2 Restraint system manufacturers shall provide instruc-tional literature in accordance with 9.1.1 in each retailershipping carton containing restraint systems.9.2 Retailer/Owner Responsibilities:9.2.1 Safety Inspection and Maintenance ProgramEachretailer/owner shall

48、implement a program of safety inspectionand maintenance based upon manufacturers recommendedsafety inspection (9.1.1.4), and maintenance (9.1.1.5), provid-ing for the duties and responsibilities necessary to care for theshopping carts and restraint systems.9.2.2 Each retailer/owner shall read and be

49、come familiarwith the contents of the manufacturers instructional literaturewhen received (as provided in 9.1.1).9.2.3 The shopping cart shall be removed from service(consumer use/any use) when it is found to be damaged or failsone or more of the checks of 9.1.1.4 or 9.2.5 until repair orreplacement can be made.9.2.4 Shopping carts and restraint systems shall be main-tained in safe operating conditions consistent with all parts ofthis consumer safety performance specification.FIG. 4 Warning Statements and SymbolsFIG. 5 XYZ CaptionF2372 11a59.2.5 Warnin