1、Designation: F 2376 08Standard Practice forClassification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, andOperation of Water Slide Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2376; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice applies to the classification, design, manu-facture, construction, and operation of
3、water slide systems.Water slide systems shall be defined as rides intended for useby riders in bathing attire where the action of the ride involvespossible and purposeful immersion of the riders body either inwhole or in part in water, and uses circulating water to mobilizeor lubricate the riders tr
4、ansportation along a purpose builtpath. This includes slides used with or without vehicles asdefined below. The terms water slides, waterslides, and slidesshall be considered equivalent when used in this practice.1.2 For the purposes of this practice, a water slide systemincludes:1.2.1 The flume,1.2
5、.2 The water-circulation system,1.2.3 The starting platform with associated means of accessand egress,1.2.4 The structural supports,1.2.5 Vehicles or other aquatic accessories that are part ofthe water slide as defined by the manufacturer, and1.2.6 Means of slide termination.1.3 This practice shall
6、not apply to:1.3.1 Any water slides installed in private residences,1.3.2 Water flume amusement rides where contact withwater is merely incidental (for example, log flume rides,shoot-the-chutes),1.3.3 Amusement rides and devices whose design criteriaare specifically addressed in another ASTM standar
7、d,1.3.4 Lazy river type attractions operating at constant eleva-tion, constructed in the ground, and1.4 Pre-existing designs manufactured after the effectivedate of publication of this practice if the design is serviceproven or previously compliant, as defined in Section 3.1.26 ofPractice F 2291, an
8、d the manufacturer provides:1.4.1 A historical summary of the water slide, or majormodification as defined in Terminology F 747, and1.4.2 A statement that the design is service proven orpreviously compliant. Water slides and major modifications towater slides may qualify as previously compliant for
9、five yearsfollowing the date of publication of this practice. Thereafter,water slides and major modifications to water slides mustqualify as service proven or meet the requirements of thispractice.1.4.3 Service proven or previously compliant designs shallcomply with Section 8.1.5 The values stated i
10、n inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-tion only.NOTE 1The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric units is 1in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.1.6 This practice includes an Appendix, which providesadditional information to enhance the u
11、sers understanding ofand application of the criteria presented in this practice, forexample, rationale, background, drawings, interpretation, orcommentary. The information in the Appendix shall not beconsidered a mandatory part of this practice.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of th
12、esafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 570 Test Method for Water
13、 Absorption of PlasticsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsF 698 Specification for Physical Information to be Providedfor Amusement Rides and DevicesF 747 Terminology
14、Relating to Amusement Rides and De-vices1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Origi
15、nallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 2376 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
16、 ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.F 770 Practice for Ownership and Operation of AmusementRides and DevicesF 846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand DevicesF 853 Practice for Maintenance Pro
17、cedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF 893 Guide for Inspection of Amusement Rides and De-vicesF 1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amusement Rides and DevicesF 1305 Guide for Classification of Amusement Ride andDevice Related Injuries and IllnessesF 2291 Practice for Design
18、 of Amusement Rides and De-vices2.2 ACI Standard:3ACI-318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete2.3 ASCE Standard:4ANSI/ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures2.4 USDA Document:5USDA-72 The Wood Handbook3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standa
19、rd:3.1.1 landing poolpool intended to receive riders from awater slide.3.1.2 landing zonearea in a landing pool intended forreceiving riders from a particular slide.3.1.3 lifeguardindividual specially trained in lifesavingand emergency procedures, responsible for monitoring patronsand responding to
20、aquatic and other emergencies.3.1.4 owner/operatorperson or organization that is re-sponsible for the maintenance and operation of a water slidesystem.4. Slide Classification4.1 Water slides are classified by their physical and intendeduse characteristics. The classification may be a combination oft
21、he specific rider vehicle used the type of geometric path, oftenserpentine or straight, and the designation as a speed slide if theriders velocity exceeds 25 ft/s. The following are definitions ofthe types of water slides.4.1.1 body slideswater slide used without a vehicle.4.1.2 childrens slidesWate
22、r slides generally intendedonly for use by persons under the height of 48 in. Water slidehas a maximum fall distance of 3 in. from slide exit where therider enters the water and water depth is no greater than 24 in.4.1.3 mat slideswater slide used with a designated mat asa vehicle.4.1.4 serpentine s
23、lidecurved path as viewed in geometricslide path.4.1.5 specialty slidesproprietary water slide design, suchas an uphill, half-pipe, or bowl ride, which does not conform tostandard classification.4.1.6 specialty vehicle slideswater slide used with aproprietary vehicle specified by the manufacturer.4.
24、1.7 speed slidewater slide where the rider(s) achieve avelocity of 25 ft/s or more during the course of the ride.4.1.8 tube slideswater slide used with a single or multi-person water slide tube.5. Materials5.1 Flume MaterialAny material that has the followingbasic properties and that meets all other
25、 requirements of thispractice may be used to construct water slides.5.1.1 Flumes riding surfaces shall be constructed to besmooth.5.1.2 Flume material shall be demonstrated as strongenough to support specified loads as defined in Section 8.5.1.3 Flume components, maintained using the manufactur-ers
26、instructions, shall not deteriorate over time in such a waythat a hazard will develop.5.2 Support MaterialsAny material that has the followingbasic properties and that meets all other requirements of thispractice may be used to construct water slide supports.5.2.1 Supports for water slides shall be
27、constructed fromdurable materials such as wood, metal, concrete, or engineeredcomposites.5.2.2 Supports for water slides fabricated from metal shallbe either inherently corrosion resistant, or be finished in such away as to provide protection from corrosion.5.2.3 Wood materials shall be finished in
28、such a way toprovide protection against deterioration.5.2.4 Support material shall be demonstrated as strongenough to support specified loads as defined in Section 7.5.2.5 Supports shall be constructed to accommodate regularinspection and maintenance for structural integrity, materialdeterioration,
29、or corrosion, or a combination thereof.6. Notification Requirement6.1 Awater slide system shown to comply with this practiceshall meet all applicable requirements specified in this practice.Anyone representing compliance with this practice shall keepsuch essential records as are necessary to documen
30、t any claimthat the requirements within this specification have been met.6.2 The owner/operator of a water slide shall notify theappropriate manufacturer(s) of any known incident as specifiedin Guides F 1305 and F 893.6.3 The manufacturer shall notify the appropriate owner(s)/operator(s) of similar
31、water slides of an incident that resulted ina serious injury promptly upon the determination by themanufacturer that the incident is significantly repeatable.6.3.1 Such manufacturer notification shall be a bulletin asspecified in Sections 4.1.14.3 through 4.1.14.8 of PracticeF 853.7. Structural Desi
32、gn of Water Slides7.1 This section defines the loading and strength criteria thatshall be used in the structural engineering of water slide flumes3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333.4Available from The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
33、, 1801Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F 2376 082and supporting structures. The strength and stability of thewater slide system shall be demonstrated by genera
34、lly acceptedengineering methods certified by a professional engineer.7.2 Dead Loads (symbol DL)Forces resulting fromweight of all components of the ride and includes all loads thatdo not fluctuate with respect to time.7.3 Operational LoadsForces from water, riders, or ve-hicles, or a combination the
35、reof, in the ride under normaloperations.7.3.1 Water Load (symbol WL)In free flowing waterslides where water does not collect in pools or streams greaterthan 2 in. deep, the water load shall be a minimum of 15lbs/linear ft for every 1000 gal/min of flow. Where the flow issuch that water collects in
36、pools or streams greater than 2 in.deep, the actual maximum water load shall be determined andused in calculation, design, or load tests, or a combinationthereof.7.3.2 Rider Load (symbol RL)The manufacturer shallspecify the rider vehicle and the maximum number of ridersthat are to ride in the flume
37、at one time.7.3.2.1 For water slides intended for multiple rider use, theweight assigned to each rider shall be, at a minimum, theweight specified for an adult rider in Section 8.6.1 of PracticeF 2291.7.3.2.2 For single rider water slides, the rider weight shallbe a maximum of 300 lb.7.3.2.3 For wat
38、er slides intended for use by children only,the weight assigned to a child shall be as specified in Section8.6.2 of Practice F 2291.7.3.2.4 Ride loads shall be so arranged to cause the greatestrealistic operational load to the system.7.3.2.5 Lateral centripetal forces shall be considered incurved se
39、ctions of flume. Predicted rider speeds should be usedto calculate these forces. If speeds cannot be predicted, then aminimum of 15 ft/s for flumes under 15 % slope and 30 ft/s forall other flumes shall be used.7.3.2.6 If the manufacturer places maximum rider totalweight limits on a slide, then that
40、 restricted load may be used.7.3.2.7 The weight of the rider vehicle shall be included indetermining rider load.7.4 Environmental LoadsForces from environmental con-ditions of the site such as wind, precipitation, earthquake, andchanges in temperature.7.4.1 Loads and forces due to environmental cond
41、itionsshall be in accordance with applicable local code requirementsor ANSI/ASCE 7, or other equivalent national standard.7.4.2 The manufacturer/designer shall clearly indicate theenvironmental loads the water slide was designed for in theoperating and maintenance instructions as specified in thesec
42、tions on Manufacturers Responsibility of Practices F 770and F 853. In addition to the environmental load information,any restriction, limitations, or special procedures associatedwith water slides exposed to these environmental loads shall beincluded.7.4.3 Lateral Wind Load (symbol LWL)For outdoorsl
43、ides, the minimum wind load for all types of water slidesshall be calculated based on 100-mph wind (3-s gust) fornon-operational conditions. Lateral wind load may be reducedby an importance factor of less than 1.0, where appropriate, forwater slide structures that are unoccupied during extremeweathe
44、r.7.4.4 Reduced Lateral Wind Load (symbol RLWL)Foroutdoor slides, the minimum wind load for all types of waterslides shall be calculated based on Section 8.13.1 of PracticeF 2291 for operational conditions.7.4.5 Other Lateral Loads (symbol OLL)A minimumlateral load equivalent to 10 % of the dead wei
45、ght of thestructure shall be included.7.4.6 Snow Load (symbol SL)The snow load for all typesof water slides shall be calculated in accordance with therelevant local ground snow load(s).7.5 OverloadForces from water, riders, or vehicles, or acombination thereof, under extraordinary operational condi-
46、tions due to user overload.7.5.1 Calculations for extraordinary operational conditionsthat consider user overload shall be based on conditionsspecified by the manufacturer and need not consider any otherlive load in combination with such overload.7.6 Load CombinationsEngineering calculations may use
47、either allowable stress methods (ASD) or load and resistancefactor methods (LRFD). Engineering calculations shall con-sider load conditions and combinations of loads in accordancewith generally accepted engineering methods. Calculationsshall consider that water slide systems may not be occupieddurin
48、g extremes of weather.7.7 Metal StructuresStrength of steel structures under orabove noted loads shall be designed in accordance with currentAISC, ASCE standards,4or equivalent national standards.7.8 Wood StructuresStrength of timber structures under orabove noted loads shall be designed in accordan
49、ce with currentUSDA-72, ASCE standards,4or equivalent national standards.7.9 Concrete StructuresStrength of concrete structuresunder above noted loads shall be designed in accordance withcurrent ACI-318 or equivalent national standards.7.10 Plastic and Plastic Composite Structures:7.10.1 Strength of plastic structures under above notedloads shall be designed in accordance with generally acceptedengineering methods. Assessment shall be performed in amanner suitable for the specific material and structure.7.10.2 Fiberglass reinforced plastic or other
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