1、Designation: F 2378 05Standard Test Method forSealability of Sheet, Composite, and Solid Form-in-PlaceGasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a means of evaluating thesealing properties of sheet, composite, and solid form-in-pl
3、acegasket materials (see Classification F 104 or F 868) at roomtemperature, and may be used for fluid (gas or liquid) leak ratemeasurements. It utilizes relatively short hold times and is notintended to predict long-term performance in application.1.2 This test method is suitable for evaluating the
4、sealingcharacteristics of a gasket material under different press loadsby measuring the leakage rate. This test method may be used asan acceptance test when the producer and user have agreed tospecific test conditions for the following parameters: (1) testmedium, (2) internal pressure of the medium,
5、 (3) press load onthe gasket specimen, and (4) the surface finish of the platens.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated wi
6、th its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-motive A
7、pplicationsF 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-rialsF 868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Ma-terials2.2 ANSI Standard:3B57.1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and InletConnections3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 press loadthe load applied by the hydraulic pres
8、s tothe test assembly divided by the gasket area. The press load isnot compensated for as the internal pressure is increased, so thegasket stress is reduced for the test conditions.3.1.2 solid form-in-place gasketa solid length of gasket-ing material generally in a ribbon or rope form that can be la
9、idout on the platen surface and overlapped at the ends to form acontinuous sealing surface.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method utilizes a test specimen compressed inincreasing stages between the surfaces of two flat steel platens.After the specified press load is applied, fluid (typicallyn
10、itrogen) is introduced into the center of the annular gasketcompressed between platens, and a pressure of 4 MPa (580 psi)is applied. The fluid leak rate is measured. The fluid pressure isrelieved and the press load is increased to the next level. Thefluid pressure is reapplied and the leak rate meas
11、ured again.The cycle is repeated 5 times until a final press load of 32 MPa(4640 psi) is achieved. Other press loads, internal pressures,pressurizing fluids, and number of cycles can be used as agreedupon between the producer and the user.All variations from thestandard requirements must be reported
12、 with the test results.4.1.1 The fluid leak rate is measured by mass flow meterslocated downstream from the gasket test fixture. Other meansof leak measurement also may be used and would depend uponthe test fluid, the leak rate, and the accuracy required as agreedupon between the producer and the us
13、er.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gasketsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.10 on Composites.Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
14、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
15、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 This test method uses flat platens on which an externalload is applied to produce a compressive force on the gaskettest specimen. The uncompensated load applied is the pressload.4.3 Results of the sealability tests are typica
16、lly expressed asa leak rate in mL/min for the test specimen under the specificconditions of the test for gases or mL/h for liquids, or may beexpressed as mass loss per unit of time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to compare sealing char-acteristics of gasket materials under c
17、ontrolled conditions byproviding a precise measure of leakage rate at different pressloads up to 32 MPa (4640 psi).5.2 This test method is suitable for measuring leakage ratesfrom 0.1 mL/min to as high as 5 L/min for gases.5.3 This test method evaluates leak rates after time periods(typically 30 min
18、) that result in a steady state leakage ratecondition. Holding gasket materials under load and internalfluid pressure until steady state is achieved is required to obtainreproducible results.5.4 If the fluid being used in the test causes changes, such asswelling, in the gasket material, it may affec
19、t results anddiminish repeatability.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall consist of a press frame (forexample, one rated at 225 kN (25 tons) or greater), withwell-aligned platens, or a ball-jointed platen against a fixedplaten. The platens shall be aligned parallel within 2 % of thetest specimen nomi
20、nal thickness.6.2 Calibrated Hydraulic System, or load cells may be usedto monitor the load. Hydraulic system should have a loadsetting and controlling system with an accuracy of 64 MPa (60psi) or 1 % of the target load.6.3 Calibrated Regulator and Gages, to monitor internalgas pressure or gas press
21、ure over liquid. Test pressure shouldbe monitored and controlled with an accuracy of 640 kPa (6psi).6.4 Temperature and Pressure (10.35 MPa (1500 psi)Corrected Mass Flow Meters, to monitor gas flow (leakage)from the gasket fixture. Typically multiple mass flow metersare piped parallel to the flow wi
22、th only the most sensitive meterfor the flow conditions valved to the leakage stream. Forexample, 0-10, 0-100, and 0-1000 mL/min mass flow metersmay all be accurate to 0.25 %, but the former will measure a 1mL/min-leak 100 times more accurately than the latter. Otherleak measurement devices may be u
23、sed as agreed uponbetween the producer and the user. Mass flow meters shouldhave an accuracy of 61 % of full scale or better.6.5 Pressure Control Regulators, to limit variation andalarm, low pressure may be used at the discretion of the users,producers, or both.6.6 Platens, hardened and machined wit
24、h either a serratedconcentric or serrated spiral finish having a resultant surfacefinish as agreed upon between the producer and user. Platensshould be a minimum of 25 mm (1.0 in.) thick. Platens, anexample of which is shown in Fig. 1, shall be fitted with an ODrubber seal to contain the leaking gas
25、. The platens shall besuitably drilled to accept the high-pressure gas inlet fitting andto permit a flow of the pressurizing fluid to fill the annulus ofthe test specimen, and to allow the pressure gage to beconnected. The outlet leaking fluid fitting shall be drilled tocollect the fluid outside of
26、the test specimen OD and within therubber seal. The leak collection depends on the rubber seal.The load to seal the rubber seal shall be compensated so thatthe target press load is achieved within the tolerance of 6.2.The center volume can be fitted with a solid plug to minimizeinternal volume and a
27、id in platen alignment. The recess in thebottom of the fixture is intended to retain circular alignmentwith the hydraulic press.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Commercially available bottled, compressed nitrogen isthe recommended test fluid. Other fluids may be used as agreedupon between the producer a
28、nd the user.7.2 Gasket test specimens as agreed upon by the producerand the user.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket MaterialsF23780528. Hazards8.1 Normal safety practices required for operating pressureequipment shall be observed by the personnel conducting thetests.8.2 A sui
29、tably mounted, transparent safety shield shall beused as a barrier between the operator and the pressurizedsystem in case of a gasket blowout.8.3 All components of the system must be designed tosafely accommodate a maximum internal working pressure of10.3 MPa (1500 psi) and a gasket face load of 225
30、 kN (25 tons)in order to satisfy the requirements of the user and ensure thesafety of the operator.8.4 Care shall be exercised to ensure proper support ofnitrogen gas cylinders and pressure regulators used for oper-ating pressure control in accordance with ANSI B57.1.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and
31、 Test Units9.1 Preparation of Sheet or Composite Test Specimens:9.1.1 When sheet or composite gasket materials (see Clas-sification F 104 or F 868) are to be tested, the test specimensshall be die cut so that the edges are flat, clean, and free fromburrs. The size shall be 50 6 0.5 mm (1.968 6 0.020
32、 in.) ininside diameter and 90 6 0.5 mm (3.543 6 0.020 in.) inoutside diameter. The thickness shall be 1.5 mm (116 in.)nominal or as agreed upon between producer and user. Actualthickness shall be measured and reported. The assumed aver-age area of this test specimen is 4398 mm2(6.817 in.2).9.1.2 Te
33、st specimens shall be inspected and rejected forsurface irregularities, such as scratches, tears, or clumps offibers.9.2 Preparation of Form-In-Place Test Specimens:9.2.1 Types 4 and 5 Form-In-Place Gasket Materials (seeClassification F 104)A 245-mm (9.6-in.) piece of standardsize material between 4
34、.7 and 6.4 mm (316 and14 in.) nominalsize or width, shall be formed into a circle of 75 mm (3.0 in.)mean diameter. The ends of Type 4 material shall be so laid asto have a 6.4 6 1.6 mm (14 6116 in.) overlap to complete theseal. The Type 5 material shall have an overlap of 1.6 6 0.8mm (116 6132 in.)
35、to complete the seal.9.2.2 Test specimens shall be inspected and rejected forsurface irregularities, such as scratches and tears.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Test Method:10.1.1 Prior to running any tests, check the setup for leaks.This can be accomplished by inserting in the fixture a rubbergask
36、et cut from an approximately 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thickrubber compound conforming to Grade BG 515 in accordancewith Classification D 2000. Adjust the press load to 32 MPa(4640 psi) and the internal pressure of the test fluid to 4 MPa(580 psi). The system shall be free of leaks for 30 min underthese co
37、nditions.11. Calibration and Standardization11.1 The load frame should be calibrated using suitableequipment, for example Morehouse Rings from MorehouseInstrument Company.4Calibration range shall be consistentwith the load range needed. Suitable calibration curves shall begenerated as needed.11.2 Ga
38、ges to monitor internal fluid pressure should becalibrated using suitable equipment, for example, TransmationPrecision Pressure Calibrator Model 109.5Calibration rangeshall be consistent with the internal pressure being monitored.Calibration curves shall be generated as needed.11.3 The mass flow met
39、ers used to measure gas leakagerates should be calibrated using suitable equipment, for ex-ample, Precision Wet Test Meter.5Calibration range shall beconsistent with the mass flow leak rate being monitored.Calibration curves shall be generated as needed.11.4 If liquids are used as the pressuring flu
40、id, the liquidmeasuring system should be calibrated using suitable equip-ment, for example, Precision Micro Buret.5Calibration rangeshall be consistent with the liquid flow leak rate beingmonitored. Calibration curves shall be generated as needed.12. Conditioning12.1 Condition all types of test spec
41、imens as specified inClassification F 104 or F 868 unless otherwise agreed uponbetween the producer and user.13. Procedure13.1 The temperature of the test shall be 21 to 30C (70 to85F) unless otherwise specified. Tests at temperatures otherthan ambient must take note of the many temperature effects
42、onthe test media, test fixture, and gasket material under evalua-tion.13.2 Measure and record the actual thickness of the gaskettest specimens as specified in Classification F 104 or F 868prior to testing.13.3 Measure and record the weight of the gasket testspecimen to the nearest 0.01 g after condi
43、tioning and prior totesting.13.4 Leak Rate:13.4.1 The leak rate will be measured at the following pressloads: 6.9 MPa (1000 psi), 10.4 MPa (1500 psi), 13.8 MPa(2000 psi), 17.2 MPa (2500 psi), and 32.0 MPa (4640 psi) (seeNote 1) unless other press loads are agreed upon between theproducer and the use
44、r.NOTE 1The final press load of 32 MPa is similar to the press loadrequirements in DIN 3535. This DIN test, however, requires a two-hourhold at pressure and the use of two mil polyester film on both sides of thetest specimen.13.4.2 Ensure that the platen sealing surfaces are clean andfree from any e
45、mbedded material from previous tests. Install a4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Morehouse Instrument Company, 1742 Sixth Avenue, York, PA 17403. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquart
46、ers. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Transmation, Inc., 977-T Mt. Read Blvd., P.O. Box 60803, Rochester, NY 14606.If you are awa
47、re of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.F2378053gasket test specimen in the leak rate test fixture. Ensure that thetest sp
48、ecimen is well centered, within 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.), onthe platens. The gasket test specimen shall be in direct contactwith the platen surface.13.5 Place the assembled test fixture (platens) in the devicefor applying the press load. Apply the press load graduallywithin about 1 min. The press load is
49、 applied to a 4398-mm2(6.817-in.2) area, and then the internal fluid pressure is appliedto a 1963-mm2(3.04-in.2) area, in effect to neutralize a part ofthe press load. Net load on the sample is equal to the press loadminus the internal load. Report the press load, which is notcompensated for in the reduction in load due to the internalpressure.13.6 Flush the test specimen annulus with the pressurizingfluid. Pressurize the test specimen annulus to 4 MPa (580 psi),or another internal pressure as agreed upon between producerand user. Hold the press load and internal pressure
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