ASTM F2388-2017 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Baby Changing Products for Domestic Use《家用婴儿换尿布产品的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

1、Designation: F2388 16F2388 17Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBaby Changing TablesProducts for Domestic Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing tablesprod-ucts identified b

3、y the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involvedcollapse, falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from chan

4、ging tables, (2) failure of structuralor mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure. structure,and (4) suffocation. This specification also contains requirements for warnings and instructionalmaterials directed to parents or caregivers.1. Scope1.1 This c

5、onsumer safety specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promotethe safe use of baby changing tables and other changing products such as contoured changing padsproducts including changingtables, changing table accessories, contoured changing pads, and

6、add-on changing units that are sold separately for use on furnitureproducts other than changing tables.units.1.2 This specification covers products sold for domestic use for children up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).1.3 Changing tables and other changing products sold separately, such as contoured

7、changing pads and add-on changing unitsproducts shall meet all applicable performance and labeling requirements.1.4 No changing table, contoured changing pad, or add-on changing unit product produced after the approval date of thisspecification shall, either by label or other means, indicate complia

8、nce with this specification unless it conforms to all applicablerequirements contained herein, before, and after all testing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for informa

9、tion only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion in Section 7 of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of

10、thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior touse.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles

11、for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-S

12、ize Baby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changi

13、ng Tables.Current edition approved July 1, 2016June 1, 2017. Published July 2016August 2017. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asF2388 15.F2388 16. DOI: 10.1520/F2388-16.10.1520/F2388-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or con

14、tactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have be

15、en made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official documen

16、t.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1169 Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby CribsF2057 Safety Specification for Clothing Storage Units2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and C

17、ertain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Require

18、ments for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age6 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Article

19、s Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts2.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.4 American National Standard for Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 American National Standard: Product Safety Information in Prod

20、uct Manuals, Instructions, and Other CollateralMaterials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 add-on changing unit, na rigid addition to or separate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture that providesa changing surface or barriers, or both, to prevent

21、 the infant from rolling off the product when a diaper is being changed.both.3.1.2 barrier, nany component of the contoured changing pad, add-on changing unit, or changing table changing productintended to prevent a child from rolling or falling off the changing surface.3.1.3 changing pad, na flat o

22、r contoured pad specifically designed for the purpose of changing the diaper of a child with abody weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface. The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.3.1.4 changing productone of the following: changing table, changing table accessor

23、y, add-on changing unit, contouredchanging pad.3.1.5 changing surface, nthe surface that is in direct contact with the child when the changing table, changing pad, or add-onchanging unit product is in the manufacturers recommended use position.3.1.6 changing table, nan elevated, freestanding structu

24、re generally designed to support and retain a child with a body weightof up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal position for the purpose of allowing a caregiver to change the childs diaper. Changing tablesmay convert from or to other items of furniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, h

25、utch, bookshelf, or play yard, mayhave pull-out or drop-down changing surfaces, and may provide storage for diapers and diaper products.3.1.7 changing table accessoryan accessory that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert the product into a changingtable typically having a rigid frame

26、with soft fabric or mesh sides or bottom surface, or both.3.1.8 conspicuous, adjlabel that, visible when the changing table, changing pad, or add-on changing unit is in aproduct is inany manufacturers recommended use position, is visible to a person standing in front of the table in in a position no

27、rmallyassociated with the task of changing a childs diaper.3.1.9 contoured changing pad, na changing pad designed for use on an elevated surface which incorporates barriers to preventa child from rolling off the changing surface.3.1.10 double action release mechanism, na release mechanism that requi

28、res either two consecutive actions, the first of whichmust be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action locking mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.11 key structural elements, nside assemblies, end assemblies, base asse

29、mblies, leg assemblies, primary changing surfacesupports, or other components designed to support the weight of the occupant, or a combination thereof (see Fig. 1).3.1.12 manufacturers recommended use position(s), nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for

30、 the use of the product as a diaper changer by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. Thisspecifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.13 non-paper label, nany label (materia

31、l such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools, ortears leaving a sharp defined edge.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Washington, D.C

32、. 20207, website: www.cpsc.gov.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F2388 1723.1.15 secondary support component, na strap, bar, rod, or other component that is consumer installed and provides addedsupport, to

33、 the changing surface of the changing table.3.1.16 self-folding steps, nsteps which must be held open by an adult caregiver that, when released, fold away and latchautomatically into their normally closed position.3.1.17 support surface, na surface to which a changing pad pad, changing table accesso

34、ry, or add-on changing unit may bemounted according to manufacturers instructions.3.1.18 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardware that has internal or external screw threads which is used for theassembly of multiple parts and facilitates disassembly.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All

35、testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completely assembled in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,including any pad supplied by t

36、he manufacturer or pad the manufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changing table.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h priorto testing. Testing s

37、hall then be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16CFR 1500.49 before and a

38、fter testing to this specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Surface CoatingsThe paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testi

39、ng, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes o

40、r slots that arebetween 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited indepth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 12). The product shall be evaluatedin all manufacturers use posit

41、ions.5.6 Changing tables or add-on changing units table accessories intended to be attached to a non-full-size crib/play yard shallconform to the requirements of this specification and the applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F406 whenattached in the manufacturers recommended use

42、 position.5.7 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with a changing table, contoured changing pad, or an add-onchanging unit, product, as well as their means of attachment, must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety SpecificationF963.FIG. 1 Example of Secondary Support C

43、omponentF2388 1735.8 Threaded Fasteners:5.8.1 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.8.1.1 No changing table shall require consumer assembly of key structural elements using wood screws or sheet metalfasteners directly into wood components. This shall not apply to non-key structural elements such as d

44、rawers, secondary supportcomponents, other storage components, accessory items and the fasteners used for attaching contoured pads and add-on changingunits to other supporting furniture.This shall also not apply to the fasteners used for changing tables which are also clothing storageunits which fal

45、l under the scope of Safety Specification F2057.5.8.2 Metal inserts, with external wood screw threads for screwing into a wood component and providing internal machinethreads to accommodate a machine screw, that are used to secure key structural elements shall be glued or include other meansto imped

46、e loosening or detaching.5.8.3 Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screws and machine screws, secured into metal components and used toattach key structural elements shall have lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as defined in 6.2 ordetachment during the tes

47、ting required by this specification.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protective components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, such ascaps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is

48、 at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the protective component and its adjacent parent component, such protective component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.1.FIG. 12 Opening ExamplesF2388 1746.2 Structural IntegrityWhen tested in accordance with 7.2, there shall be no break

49、age of the unit, nor shall it fail to conformwith any other requirements in this specification before and after all testing. Threaded fasteners used for key structural elementsshall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) upon completion of testing.NOTE 1Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.3 StabilityWhen tested in accordance with 7.3, the unit shall not tip over.NOTE 2Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt