1、Designation: F2388 17F2388 17aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forBaby Changing Products for Domestic Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing productsidentified by the U.S. Co
3、nsumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involved collapse,falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from changing tables,
4、(2) failure of structuralor mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure, and (4)suffocation. This specification also contains requirements for warnings and instructional materialsdirected to parents or caregivers.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specifica
5、tion covers performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promotethe safe use of baby changing products including changing tables, changing table accessories, contoured changing pads, and add-onchanging units.1.2 This specification covers products sold for domestic use for chi
6、ldren up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).1.3 Changing products shall meet all applicable performance and labeling requirements.1.4 No changing product produced after the approval date of this specification shall, either by label or other means, indicatecompliance with this specification unless it con
7、forms to all applicable requirements contained herein, before, and after all testing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standar
8、d.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion in Section 7 of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate sa
9、fety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Dev
10、elopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cr
11、ibs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1169 Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby CribsF2057 Safety Specification for Clothing Storage Units1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct
12、responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved June 1, 2017Oct. 15, 2017. Published August 2017October 2017. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 asF2388 16.F2388 17. DOI: 10.
13、1520/F2388-17.10.1520/F2388-17A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM
14、standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all
15、cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain
16、 Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations including sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements
17、for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Int
18、ended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts2.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.4 American National Standard for Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 American National Standard: Product Safety Information in Product M
19、anuals, Instructions, and Other CollateralMaterials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 add-on changing unit, na rigid addition to or separate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture that providesa changing surface or barriers, or both.barriers to prev
20、ent the infant from rolling off the product when a diaper is being changed.3.1.2 barrier, nany component of the changing product intended to prevent a child from rolling or falling off the changingsurface.3.1.3 changing pad, na flat or contoured pad specifically designed for the purpose of changing
21、the diaper of a child with abody weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface. The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.3.1.4 changing productone of the following: changing table, changing table accessory, add-on changing unit, contouredchanging pad.3.1.5 changing surf
22、ace, nthe surface that is in direct contact with the child when the changing product is in the manufacturersrecommended use position.3.1.6 changing table, nan elevated, freestanding structure generally designed to support and retain a child with a body weightof up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal
23、position for the purpose of allowing a caregiver to change the childs diaper. Changing tablesmay convert from or to other items of furniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, hutch, bookshelf, or play yard, mayhave pull-out or drop-down changing surfaces, and may provide storage for dia
24、pers and diaper products.3.1.7 changing table accessoryan accessory that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert the product into a changingtable typically having a rigid frame with soft fabric or mesh sides or bottom surface, or both.3.1.8 conspicuous, adjvisible when the changing produ
25、ct is in any manufacturers recommended use position, to a person ina position normally associated with the task of changing a childs diaper.3.1.9 contoured changing pad, na changing pad designed for use on an elevated surface which incorporates barriers to preventa child from rolling off the changin
26、g surface.3.1.10 double action release mechanism, na release mechanism that requires either two consecutive actions, the first of whichmust be maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action locking mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to fully re
27、lease.3.1.11 key structural elements, nside assemblies, end assemblies, base assemblies, leg assemblies, primary changing surfacesupports, or other components designed to support the weight of the occupant, or a combination thereof (see Fig. 1).3.1.12 manufacturers recommended use position(s), nany
28、position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product as a diaper changer by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. Thisspecifically excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be un
29、acceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.13 non-paper label, nany label (material such as plastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools, ortears leaving a sharp defined edge.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge
30、.3.1.15 secondary support component, na strap, bar, rod, or other component that is consumer installed and provides addedsupport, to the changing surface of the changing table.3 Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Washington, D.C. 20207, website: www.cpsc.gov.4 Available f
31、rom American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F2388 17a23.1.16 self-folding steps, nsteps which must be held open by an adult caregiver that, when released, fold away and latchautomatically into their normally closed position.3.1.
32、17 support surface, na surface to which a changing pad, changing table accessory, or add-on changing unit may bemounted according to manufacturers instructions.3.1.18 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardware that has internal or external screw threads which is used for theassembly of multipl
33、e parts and facilitates disassembly.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, which may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completely assembled in
34、accordance with the manufacturers instructions,including any pad supplied by the manufacturer or pad the manufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changing table.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room with ambien
35、t temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h priorto testing. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no hazardous sharp poi
36、nts or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Surface CoatingsThe paint or surface coa
37、ting on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33
38、-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that arebetween 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited indepth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissib
39、le (see Fig. 2). The product shall be evaluatedin all manufacturers use positions.5.6 Changing table accessories intended to be attached to a non-full-size crib/play yardA changing table accessory, whenattached in the manufacturers recommended use position to a full-size crib or non-full-size crib/p
40、lay yard, shall conform to therequirements of this specification and the applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F406F1169 whenorF406attached in the manufacturers recommended use position., respectively.5.7 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with a changing pro
41、duct, as well as their means of attachment,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Specification F963.5.8 Threaded Fasteners:FIG. 1 Example of Secondary Support ComponentF2388 17a35.8.1 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.8.1.1 No changing table shall require consumer assembly of key s
42、tructural elements using wood screws or sheet metalfasteners directly into wood components. This shall not apply to non-key structural elements such as drawers, secondary supportcomponents, other storage components, accessory items and the fasteners used for attaching contoured pads and add-on chang
43、ingunits to other supporting furniture.This shall also not apply to the fasteners used for changing tables which are also clothing storageunits which fall under the scope of Safety Specification F2057.5.8.2 Metal inserts, with external wood screw threads for screwing into a wood component and provid
44、ing internal machinethreads to accommodate a machine screw, that are used to secure key structural elements shall be glued or include other meansto impede loosening or detaching.5.8.3 Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screws and machine screws, secured into metal components and used toat
45、tach key structural elements shall have lock washers, self-locking nuts, or other means to impede loosening as defined in 6.2 ordetachment during the testing required by this specification.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protective components between the thum
46、b and forefinger, or teeth, such ascaps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a 0.040-in.(1.00-mm) gap between the protective component and its adjacent parent component, such protective component shall not beremove
47、d when tested in accordance with 7.1.FIG. 2 Opening ExamplesF2388 17a46.2 Structural IntegrityWhen tested in accordance with 7.2, there shall be no breakage of the unit, nor shall it fail to conformwith any other requirements in this specification before and after all testing. Threaded fasteners use
48、d for key structural elementsshall not have separated by more than 0.04 in. (1 mm) upon completion of testing.NOTE 1Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.3 StabilityWhen tested in accordance with 7.3, the unit shall not tip over
49、.NOTE 2Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that are sold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.4 Barriers:FIG. 3 Tension Test ClampFIG. 4 Stability TestF2388 17a56.4.1 AllEach changing productsproduct shall include barriers as an integral part of the product.6.4.2 For changing products with a flat changing surface, barriers shall be provided around all sides of the changing surface.6.4.3 Contoured changing pads shall have barriers on the two opposing long sides.6.4.4 When tested in accordance with 7.4, barrie
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