ASTM F2412-2018 Standard Test Methods for Foot Protection《足部保护的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: F2412 18Standard Test Methods forFoot Protection1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates t

2、he year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONFor more than sixty years, the predecessor to these test methods, ANSI Z41, established theperformance criteria for a wide range of footwear to protect from the hazards

3、 that affect the personalsafety of workers. The value of these standards was recognized early in the history of the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) and incorporated as a reference standard in the Code ofFederal Regulation (CFR) Section 1910.These test methods contains test protoc

4、ols developed in conjunction withANSI Z41 as well as otherASTM standards that are used to evaluate the performance of footwear when exposed to a variety ofhazards: (1) impact resistance (I) for the toe area of footwear; (2) compression resistance (C) for thetoe area of footwear; (3) metatarsal impac

5、t protection (Mt) that reduces the chance of injury to themetatarsal bones at the top of the foot; (4) conductive properties (Cd) that reduce hazards that mayresult from static electricity buildup and reduce the possibility of ignition of explosives and volatilechemicals; (5) electric hazard resista

6、nt (EH) non-conductive; (6) static dissipative (SD) properties toreduce hazards due to excessively low footwear electrical resistance that may exist where SD footwearis required; and (7) puncture resistance (PR) of foot devices.1. Scope1.1 These test methods measure the resistance of footwearto a va

7、riety of hazards that can potentially result in injury.1.2 These test methods may be used to test for complianceto minimum performance requirements in established safetystandards.1.2.1 By agreement between the purchaser and the supplier,or as required by established safety standards, these testmetho

8、ds can be used to determine any one, or all of thefollowing: (1) impact resistance (I), (2) compression resistance(C), (3) metatarsal impact resistance (Mt), (4) resistance toelectrical conductivity (Cd), (5) resistance to electric hazard(EH), (6) static dissipative performance (SD), and (7) punctur

9、eresistance (PR).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard

10、 to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Pr

11、inciples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus2.2 CSA Standard:3CAN/CSA Z195 Protec

12、tive Footwear3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 footbed (removable), nalso known as insock, acomponent typically made of a foam material with a leather or1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 onPedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and are the direct responsibility o

13、fSubcommittee F13.30 on Footwear.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2412 11. DOI:10.1520/F2412-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at

14、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON Canada M9W1R3.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We

15、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World T

16、rade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1fabric cover/sockliner and often shaped or contoured coveringthe entire insole board which can be inserted between the footand insole board.3.1.2 insole, nfoundation of the shoe; the inner sole of theshoe which is next to the foot, under

17、 the sock liner or insert,onto which the upper is lasted.3.1.3 last, nsolid hinged form, in the general shape of afoot, around which footwear is constructed.3.1.4 lasting, vbuilding of footwear around a specific footform.3.1.5 lining, nterm used to describe all components thatcan be used to construc

18、t the interior of the upper portion of thefootwear.3.1.6 outsole and heel, nexterior bottom platform of thefootwear; the bottom surface.3.1.7 product category, ngroup of similar footwear itemsmanufactured for a specific hazard or hazards and that: Have same protective toe cap, protective insole or m

19、et-guard materials Have the same supplier for each of those components Have the same outsole design, compound and hardness(including midsole) Have the same thickness (within a 612.5 % range) ofupper, lining, sole and insole Are manufactured using the same method of construction;cemented, welted, etc

20、. Are manufactured in the same factory Are manufactured using the same last3.1.8 product classification, nfootwear manufactured tomeet a minimum performance requirement for a specifichazard or hazards.3.1.9 protective footwear, nfootwear that is designed,constructed, and classified to protect the we

21、arer from apotential hazard or hazards.3.1.10 protective toe cap, ncomponent designed to pro-vide toe protection that is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.3.1.11 quarter, nentire back portion of the footwear upper.3.1.12 size, nlength and breadth measurements of foot-wear determined by u

22、sing a specific grading; the Americansystem of footwear grading.3.1.13 socklining (non-removable), nfabric materialplaced over the insole, footbed, or insert that may be imprintedwith a brand name or other designation.3.1.14 specimen, for protective footwear, nfootwear unitsevaluated for various haz

23、ards.3.1.14.1 DiscussionFootwear units may be a left foot, aright foot, or a matched pair. The exact number and type offootwear units is indicated by test method.3.1.15 upper, nparts of a shoe or boot that are above thesole.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods contain requirements to evalua

24、te theperformance of footwear for the following:4.1.1 Impact resistance for the toe area of footwear (I/75),4.1.2 Compression resistance for the toe area of footwear(C/75),4.1.3 Metatarsal protection that reduces the chance of injuryto the metatarsal bones at the top of the foot (Mt/75),4.1.4 Conduc

25、tive properties which reduce hazards that mayresult from static electricity buildup, and reduce the possibilityof ignition of explosives and volatile chemicals (Cd),4.1.5 Electric Hazard by stepping on live wire (EH),4.1.6 Static dissipative (SD) properties to reduce hazardsdue to excessively low fo

26、otwear electrical resistance that mayexist where SD footwear is required, and4.1.7 Puncture resistance footwear devices (PR).4.2 Any changes to the original components of safety toefootwear such as replacing or adding after-market footbeds/inserts could cause non-compliance to any or all parts of th

27、isstandard rendering the ASTM label invalid. Protective toefootwear specimens or samples shall be retested for any of thefollowing changes.4.2.1 Change in material used to make protective toe cap,change in protective cap manufacturer, change in the design ofthe toe cap.4.2.2 Change in construction m

28、ethod used to make footwearor change in factory in which footwear is produced.4.2.3 Change in the upper or insole material thicknessgreater than 25 %, change to the soling system or a change inthe hardness of the outsole.4.2.4 Change in shape of last used in the manufacturing offootwear.4.2.5 Change

29、 in material or supplier of protective insole.4.2.6 Change in material or supplier of met guard.5. Protective Toe Impact Resistance (I)5.1 Summary of Method:5.1.1 Footwear shall be constructed and manufactured sothat a protective toe cap is an integral and permanent part of thefootwear.5.1.2 Footwea

30、r with a protective toe cap is impacted with aspecified force.5.1.3 After impact, the height of the modeling clay cylinderis measured.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 The apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 1(a)4consists of a frame structure that permits the impactor to beconstrained to fall along a known and

31、repeatable path. Provi-sion shall be made for a mechanism to catch the striker after theinitial impact so that the test specimen is struck only once.5.2.1.1 The impactor consists of a steel weight having amass of 22.7 6 0.23 kg (50 6 0.5 lb). The nose of the impactoris a solid steel cylinder having

32、a diameter of 25.4 6 0.8 mm (16 0.03 in.) and protruding a length of 50.8 6 3.2 mm (2.0 60.13 in.) from the impact assembly. The impact side of thecylinder has a smooth spherical surface with a radius of 25.4 60.127 mm (1.00 6 0.005 in.). The longitudinal centerline of the4Imagery as shown within El

33、ls, W., Ed., Safety and Occupational Footwear,MNL71-EB, ASTM International, 2014.F2412 182cylinder is parallel and coincident within 3.175 mm (0.125 in.)to the vertical axis of the impactor.5.2.1.2 Apparatus incorporates a means of measuring thevelocity at impact with a tolerance of 62 %. The use of

34、 avelocity metering system allows for determining the timerequired for a 25.4-mm (1-in.) wide blade to pass completelythrough a beam of light immediately prior to the impactorstriking the specimen. The result, referred to as gate time, ismeasured in milliseconds (ms). The speed in in./s can becalcul

35、ated using the following formula:V 51000tg(1)where:V = velocity in in./s, andtg= gate time in ms.5.2.2 The base of the apparatus consists of a steel plate witha minimum area 0.3 m2(1 ft2) and minimum thickness of 25.4mm (1 in.). The base is anchored to a structure having aNOTE 1Dimensions are in inc

36、hes (millimeters).FIG. 1 Footwear Impact Test ApparatusF2412 183minimum mass of 909.1 kg (2000 lb) to provide sufficientstability to the apparatus before, during, and after testing.5.3 Sampling:5.3.1 Randomly select three half-pair test specimens, in-cluding both left and right footwear, of each pro

37、duct categoryfrom unworn manufactured footwear. If footwear is manufac-tured with a removable sockliner (footbed) the test is to beperformed with the sockliner in place. All testing must beperformed at standard conditions of 22C (6 2C) and 50 %RH (6 5 %).5.3.1.1 Mens footwear specimens shall be size

38、 9.5.3.1.2 Womens footwear specimens shall be size 8.5.3.2 The specimens shall be obtained by completely re-moving the toe portion of the footwear. This is done by cuttingacross the width of the footwear 25.4 6 3.2 mm (1 6 0.125 in.)behind the back edge of the protective toe cap and cutting theupper

39、 material back to the edge of the protective toe cap asshown in Fig. 2.5.4 Prior to impact testing, modeling clay shall be kept atstandard conditions and formed approximately as a 1 in.diameter vertical cylinder, shall be placed under the protectivetoe cap positioned inside the specimens directly un

40、der the pointof impact (see Fig. 3) with the edge of the clay cylinder alignedwith the back edge of the toe cap.5.4.1 Modeling clay for the test forms shall be stored in asealed container at room temperature and tested in accordancewith 5.4.2 5.4.9. Test frequency shall be no less than onceevery mon

41、th or sooner, if the color or consistency changes. Itis recommended that this quality test be conducted on the clayjust prior to its use during an impact test (see Fig. 4).5.4.2 Weigh out a 50 6 2 g sample of modeling clay.5.4.3 Form material into a 35 6 2 mm (1.375 6 0.075 in.)cylinder and allow ma

42、terial to sit at room temperature for 24 h.5.4.4 The modeling clay cylinder shall be placed verticallyon the base plate at the center point of the impact tester.5.4.5 A block having nominal dimensions of 75 by 75 by 44mm (3 by 3 by 1.75 in.), with a hole drilled in the center of theblock that is 25

43、mm (1 in.) in diameter and 25 mm (1 in.) deep,is slipped onto the impact nose.5.4.6 The block/impactor assembly is carefully lowereduntil the wooden block makes contact with the modeling claycylinder.5.4.7 The impactor assembly is released allowing fullweight to compress the cylinder for 61s.5.4.8 I

44、mmediately afterwards, the impactor assembly israised and the modeling clay cylinder if necessary cut in half tomeasure.FIG. 1 (a) Impact Testing (Left) and Compression Testing (Right)4(continued)FIG. 2 Specimen Prepared for Impact and Compression TestingF2412 1845.4.9 A modeling clay cylinder havin

45、g a compressed thick-ness of 15 6 2 mm is acceptable to use in impact resistance.5.5 Specimen Mounting:5.5.1 Specimens are to be placed on the test apparatus baseplate so that the sole is parallel with the base.5.5.1.1 The specimen is positioned so that the longitudinalcenter of the nose of the impa

46、ctor strikes the approximatecenter of the protective toe cap at a point that is 12.7 6 1.6 mm(0.50 6 0.0625 in.) toward the front as measured from the backedge of the protective toe cap (see Fig. 3).5.5.2 The specimen is held in position during test by use ofa clamping device as shown in Fig. 5.5.5.

47、2.1 The stabilizing fork clamp device rests on the insertand can be adjusted by means of a screw.5.5.2.2 The adjustment secures the specimen parallel to thebase plate and prevents movement when the impactor strikesthe specimen.5.5.2.3 Clamping screw shall be tightened using a force of2.8 Nm (25 in.

48、lbs).5.6 Procedure:5.6.1 When in place, the modeling clay cylinder shall beshaped having a diameter of approximately 25 mm (1 in.)nominal and positioned so that the cylinder makes contact withthe insert/sock liner/footbed of the footwear and the dome ofthe protective toe cap.NOTE 1A small piece of r

49、elease paper such as wax paper orcellophane can be placed on either the bottom side or top side of the claycylinder to prevent the modeling clay from adhering to either theinsert/sock liner or dome.5.6.2 To measure Impact 75 product footwear, the impactoris dropped from a height that results in an impact velocity of2995 6 61 mm/s (117.9 6 2.4 in./s), creating an energy of101.75 J (75 lbf).NOTE 2In a vacuum, the distance would be 457 mm (18 in.). Due tofriction and air resistance, the height used for the test is somewhat greater.5.6.3 Release the