ASTM F2461-2009 Standard Practice for Manufacture Construction Operation and Maintenance of Aquatic Play Equipment《戏水设施的生产、制造、操作和维护标准的方法》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2461 09Standard Practice forManufacture, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance ofAquatic Play Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, t

2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers information for manufacture, con-struction, operations and maintenance of aquatic play

3、 equip-ment and provides safety performance standards for varioustypes of public aquatic play components and aquatic playcomposite structures.1.2 Inclusions:1.2.1 Climbable and climb-resistant aquatic play compo-nents, composite aquatic play structures, user controls, watersprays, fountains, and sli

4、des that occur on wet decks andwading, swimming or leisure pools. The play componentsspecified herein occur for use in aquatic play areas.1.2.2 Play equipment, fall zones, use zones for wet decks,wading pools, swimming pools and leisure pools.1.2.3 This standard is intended to apply to Aquatic PlayE

5、quipment that is located in and around re- circulated andpotable water recreational facilities. Such facilities include butare not limited to amusement parks, theme parks, water parks,family entertainment centers, municipal swimming pools andmunicipal parks.1.2.4 Waterslides 6 ft in height or smalle

6、r.1.3 Exclusions:1.3.1 Playground equipment that does not have an entry oran exit onto or into a wet deck, wading pool, swimming poolor aquatic recreation pool.1.3.2 Home playground or home pool equipment or playequipment as scoped in Consumer Safety Performance Speci-fication F 1148 and ANSI/NSPI-5

7、.1.3.3 Waterslides as scoped in Practice F 2376-081.3.4 Flotation devices used on water slides or in swimmingpools.1.3.5 Swimming pools as specified by ANSI/NSPI-1 orANSI/IAF-9.1.3.6 Products or facility elements specifically designed toprovide access to and from pools for people with disabilities.1

8、.3.7 Water rides such as log flumes, raft rides, inner tuberides, waterslides or other attractions where the participant sitsin a vehicle or is physically propelled or moved by or withwater.1.3.8 Sports equipment, fitness equipment, and divingequipment.1.4 Compliance:1.4.1 Where water is indirectly

9、or directly added or appliedto Consumer Safety Performance Specification F 1487-07Aplay equipment, the equipment shall comply with this standard.Where a requirement for compliance to a section of theConsumer Safety Performance Specification F 1487-07A stan-dard is required by this standard, the sect

10、ion number ispreceded with the standards designation.1.4.2 Soft contained play structures with aquatic play com-ponents shall comply with Safety Performance SpecificationF 1918-04 except as modified by this standard.1.4.3 Aquatic play components and composite play struc-tures represented, as complyi

11、ng with this safety performancestandard shall meet all applicable requirements specifiedherein. Anyone representing compliance with this standardshall keep such essential records as are necessary to documentany claim that the requirements within this standard have beenmet.1.5 This standard includes

12、the following sections:Scope Section 1Referenced Documents Section 2Terminology Section 3Manufacturing and Materials Section 4Design Section 5Performance Requirements Section 6Operator Responsibilities Section 7Manufacturer/DesignerResponsibilitiesSection 8Installer Responsibilities Section 91.6 The

13、 values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 onAmusementRides and Devices and is the direct responsibility

14、of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved March 15, 2009. Published May 2009.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.and are not considered standard. (The conversion factor fr

15、ominch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb =4.4482 N.)1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the

16、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 770 Practice for Ownership and Operation of AmusementRides and DevicesF 853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF 1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Pl

17、ayground EquipmentF 1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amusement Rides and DevicesF 1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfacingMaterials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF 1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPlayground Equipment for Public U

18、seF 1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Con-tained Play EquipmentF 2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and De-vicesF 2376 Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture,Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:3ICC/ANSI A117.1 Accessible and Usable Bu

19、ildings andFacilitiesANSI A10.11 Personal and Debris NetsANSI/IAF-9 American National Standard for Aquatic Rec-reation FacilitiesANSI/NSPI-1 American National Standard for PublicSwimming PoolsANSI/NSPI-5 American National Standard for ResidentialInground Swimming Pools2.3 Other Standards:NFPA 70 Nat

20、ional Electric Code (NEC)43. Terminology3.1 Reserved for future inclusions.4. Manufacturing and Materials4.1 Aquatic play components shall comply with ConsumerSafety Performance Specification F 1487-07ASection 4 exceptas modified by this standard.4.2 DurabilityAquatic play components and compositepl

21、ay systems shall be manufactured and constructed only ofmaterials that have a demonstrated durability in the aquaticplayground, swimming pool or similar setting.4.2.1 Any new materials shall have documented perfor-mance and material properties or tested accordingly for dura-bility by the equipment m

22、anufacturer.4.3 CompatibilityMaterials used in the manufacture ofaquatic play components shall not create an unsanitary or toxiccondition for users and the aquatic environment in which theyare installed.4.4 Materials:4.4.1 MetalsRefer to Consumer Safety PerformanceSpecification F 1487-07a, Sections

23、4.1.1 and 4.1.2.4.4.2 PlasticsRefer to Consumer Safety PerformanceSpecification F 1487-07a, Section 4.1.1.4.4.3 WoodRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Speci-fication F 1487-07a, Section 4.1.3.4.4.4 ConcreteConcrete footings and slabs shall complywith local jurisdiction or equal to the requirements

24、 of theInternational Building Code.4.4.5 FoamFoam materials used in aquatic play compo-nents shall be skinned or of a closed cell type. Foam materialsthat are subject to ultraviolet (UV) degradation shall beprotected against ultraviolet light or include ultraviolet degra-dation inhibitors. Foam prod

25、ucts shall not leach any chemicalsthat could affect water chemistry.4.4.6 Automotive or industrial tires are not permitted in theaquatic play environment.4.5 Components:4.5.1 NettingNetting material for structural purpose, sub-ject to UV degradation, shall be protected from U/V exposureor include U/

26、V degradation inhibitors.4.5.2 Fasteners and CablesFasteners are required to com-ply with Practice F 2291-06A, Section 16 and also ConsumerSafety Performance Specification F 1487-07a Section 4.2.1 toSection 4.2.2 inclusive.4.5.2.1 Fasteners in aquatic play components when locatedon walking, stepping

27、, sitting and sliding surfaces of aquaticplay components and wet decks shall be flush, and without anysharp or abrasive finish.4.5.2.2 All fasteners used to construct Aquatic Play Equip-ment shall be maintained and consistent as specified by themanufacturer.4.5.2.3 All fasteners, connecting, and cov

28、ering devices shallbe corrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion-resistantcoating.4.5.2.4 When installed in accordance with the manufactur-ers specifications, fasteners, connecting, and covering devicesshall not loosen or be removable without the use of tools.4.5.2.5 Hardware in moving join

29、ts shall also be securedagainst unintentional loosening.4.5.2.6 Moving suspended elements shall be connected tothe fixed support with bearings or bearing surfaces that serve toreduce friction or wear.4.5.2.7 Steel cable that is permanently affixed to a hangerassembly performs as a bearing surface. C

30、able ends shall beinaccessible or capped to prevent injury from frayed wires.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page ont

31、he ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F2461092Cables and steel-cored rop

32、es should be protected to preventfraying, loosening, unraveling, or excessive shifting of joints.4.5.3 Electrical ComponentsElectrical components thatrequire power to operate, should be installed with the materials,voltage and grounding requirements as required by localgoverning authorities and NFPA

33、 70.4.5.4 Coatings shall comply with Consumer Safety Perfor-mance Specification F 1487-07A, Section 4.1.4.5.5 Replacement Parts for Aquatic Play Equipment shallbe:4.5.5.1 Procured from the original manufacturer of theaquatic play equipment, using the appropriate manufacturer-supplied identifying nom

34、enclature; or4.5.5.2 Procured or produced to meet or exceed the manu-facturers minimum specification.5. Design5.1 Load Calculations:5.1.1 Slide BedsRefer to Consumer Safety PerformanceSpecification F 1487-07a, Section 12.4.1.4.5.1.2 Loading Test CriteriaRefer to Consumer SafetyPerformance Specificat

35、ion F 1487-07a, Section 12.2.5.1.3 Components and Structures Subjected to VerticalLoadsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF 1487-07a, Section 12.4 through Section 12.4.1.1 inclusive.5.1.4 Structures Containing Two or More LongitudinalComponentsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Spec

36、i-fication F 1487-07a, Section 12.4.1.2.5.1.5 Individual SurfacesRefer to Consumer Safety Per-formance Specification F 1487-07a, Section 12.4.1.3.5.1.6 Components with Designated OccupancyRefer toConsumer Safety Performance Specification F 1487-07a, Sec-tion 12.4.1.5.5.1.7 Components Subjected to La

37、teral LoadsRefer toConsumer Safety Performance Specification F 1487-07a, Sec-tion 12.5 through Section 12.5.2 inclusive.5.1.8 Alternative Testing for Structural IntegrityRefer toConsumer Safety Performance Specification F 1487-07a, Sec-tion 12.6.5.2 Structural Design:5.2.1 Structural integrity tests

38、 shall be conducted by manu-facturers as per Practice F 2291-06A, Section 8.6 through 8.16inclusive.5.2.1.1 In multi-level, composite play structures providelateral sway brace loads of 24 lb per ft (350 N/m) parallel and10 lb per ft (145.9 N/m) perpendicular to the floor or platformlevel.5.2.1.2 Win

39、d LoadFor structures with elevated platformswhere the height of the platform is larger than the width ordepth of the elevated platform, the composite structure shall bedesigned to withstand 100 mph wind (3 s gust) for non-operational conditions. The calculation shall take into accountroofs, dump buc

40、kets, awnings, flags, banners, or any otherelement that may affect the wind load calculations.5.2.1.3 Structural calculations shall consider the combina-tion of loads corresponding to foreseeable severe conditions.5.2.2 Platforms, Walking or Climbing SurfacesStructuralengineering of composite play s

41、tructure platforms with 20 %slope or less shall be based upon a live load as per PracticeF 2291-06a, Section 8.15 and occupancy of 3 ft2per person.5.2.3 Stairs, Guardrails, and Handrails:5.2.3.1 Guardrails shall be designed to comply with PracticeF 2291 Section 14, with the exception that the maximu

42、mopening size shall reject a torso probe as specified in ConsumerSafety Performance Specification F 1487-07a Fig A1.2 (seeAppendix X1).5.2.3.2 Stairs and handrails shall be designed to complywith Practice F 2291 Section 14.5.2.4 Netting Reserved for future.5.2.5 For the purposes of calculations, the

43、 water load on anaquatic play component surfaces other than water slides shallbe designed to the amount of live load on an aquatic playcomponent or other surfaces of the composite play structure.Where used, Design/Engineers shall consider impact anddynamic loads such as water bucket dumps, and shall

44、 beincluded in the live loading design of structures, platforms androofs.5.2.6 Overhead play elements. Overhead climbing elementsshall be designed to withstand a 200-lb (890 N) per lineal footlive load. Their mounting and connectors shall be designed toaccommodate the total live loading of the free

45、spannedelement.5.3 Access and EgressAquatic play components shallcomply with Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF 1487-07A Section 6 and 7 except as provided herein.5.3.1 Composite play structures utilizing multiple aquaticplay components are permitted in wet decks, wading pools andas a means

46、of access to a pool when it conforms to therequirements of Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF 1487-07 A Sections 9.7 and 9.8 and the requirements of thisstandard.5.3.2 Unenclosed level, stair or ramp entries are permitted.5.3.3 Unless otherwise specified herein, aquatic play com-ponents are

47、permitted to be accessed to and from wet decks andfrom the perimeter of or from within wading pools, swimmingpools or leisure pools.5.3.4 All means of entry and egress shall be slip resistant.5.3.5 Access to and from composite play structures and softcontained play systems is permitted from pool dec

48、ks, wetdecks and from inside the pool.5.4 Climb ResistanceThe following are climb-resistantunder this standard:5.4.1 Aquatic play components that lack a designated playsurface or handgrips, or both, within 84 in. of the ground ordeck.5.4.2 Equipment flush with the play surface. Protrusionsfrom play

49、surfaces shall not exceed VA thickness and shallhave rounded, radiused, or angular edges to prevent hand andfoot holds.5.4.3 Horizontal or angled members 60 in. (1625 mm) ormore above the ground or deck surface.5.4.4 Slanted members with more than 30 slope fromhorizontal.F24610935.4.5 Rounded or sloped shield over horizontal pipe flangesor structural connections that limit foot and hand holds.5.4.6 Controls and operating mechanisms that are purposelydesigned to discourage or inhibit climbing.5.5 Component Layout and Use Zones:5.5.1 The dimensions and config