1、Designation: F2461 09F2461 16Standard Practice forManufacture, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance ofAquatic Play Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers information for manufacture, construction, operations and maintenance of aquatic
3、 play equipment andprovides safety performance standards for various types of public aquatic play components and aquatic play composite structures.1.2 Inclusions:1.2.1 Climbable and climb-resistant aquatic play components, composite aquatic play structures, user controls, water sprays,fountains, and
4、 slides that occur on wet decks and wading, swimming or leisure pools. The play components specified herein occurfor use in aquatic play areas.1.2.2 Play equipment, fall zones, use zones for wet decks, wading pools, swimming pools and leisure pools.1.2.3 This standard is intended to apply toAquatic
5、Play Equipment that is located in and around re- circulated and potable waterrecreational facilities. Such facilities include but are not limited to amusement parks, theme parks, water parks, familyentertainment centers, municipal swimming pools and municipal parks.1.2.4 Waterslides 6 ft in height o
6、r smaller.1.3 Exclusions:1.3.1 Playground equipment that does not have an entry or an exit onto or into a wet deck, wading pool, swimming pool oraquatic recreation pool.1.3.2 Home playground or home pool equipment or play equipment as scoped in Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1148 and ANSI
7、/NSPI-5.1.3.3 Waterslides as scoped in Practice F2376-081.3.4 Flotation devices used on water slides or in swimming pools.1.3.5 Swimming pools as specified by ANSI/NSPI-1 or ANSI/IAF-9.1.3.6 Products or facility elements specifically designed to provide access to and from pools for people with disab
8、ilities.1.3.7 Water rides such as log flumes, raft rides, inner tube rides, waterslides or other attractions where the participant sits in avehicle or is physically propelled or moved by or with water.1.3.8 Sports equipment, fitness equipment, and diving equipment.1.4 Compliance:1.4.1 Where water is
9、 indirectly or directly added or applied to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07A playequipment, the equipment shall comply with this standard. Where a requirement for compliance to a section of the ConsumerSafety Performance Specification F1487-07A standard is required by this standar
10、d, the section number is preceded with thestandards designation.1.4.2 Soft contained play structures with aquatic play components shall comply with Safety Performance SpecificationF1918-04 except as modified by this standard.1.4.3 Aquatic play components and composite play structures represented, as
11、 complying with this safety performance standardshall meet all applicable requirements specified herein. Anyone representing compliance with this standard shall keep suchessential records as are necessary to document any claim that the requirements within this standard have been met.1.5 This standar
12、d includes the following sections:1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved March 15, 2009Nov. 1, 2016. Published May 2009
13、December 2016. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 asF2461 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2461-09.10.1520/F2461-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous versio
14、n. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International
15、, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Scope Section 1Referenced Documents Section 2Terminology Section 3Manufacturing and Materials Section 4Design Section 5Performance Requirements Section 6Operator Responsibilities Section 7Manufacturer/DesignerRespo
16、nsibilitiesSection 8Installer Responsibilities Section 91.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. (The conversion factor fro
17、minch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.)1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
18、applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014)3F1148 Consumer Sa
19、fety Performance Specification for Home Playground EquipmentF1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Construction of Amusement Rides and DevicesF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specifica
20、tion for Playground Equipment for Public UseF1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained Play EquipmentF2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and DevicesF2376 Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:4IC
21、C/ANSI A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and FacilitiesANSI A10.11 Personal and Debris NetsANSI/IAF-9 American National Standard for Aquatic Recreation FacilitiesANSI/NSPI-1 American National Standard for Public Swimming PoolsANSI/NSPI-5 American National Standard for Residential Inground Swimm
22、ing Pools2.3 Other Standards:NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)53. Terminology3.1 Reserved for future inclusions.4. Manufacturing and Materials4.1 Aquatic play components shall comply with Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07A Section 4 except asmodified by this standard.4.2 Durabili
23、tyAquatic play components and composite play systems shall be manufactured and constructed only of materialsthat have a demonstrated durability in the aquatic playground, swimming pool or similar setting.4.2.1 Any new materials shall have documented performance and material properties or tested acco
24、rdingly for durability by theequipment manufacturer.4.3 CompatibilityMaterials used in the manufacture of aquatic play components shall not create an unsanitary or toxiccondition for users and the aquatic environment in which they are installed.4.4 Materials:4.4.1 MetalsRefer to Consumer Safety Perf
25、ormance Specification F1487-07a, Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.4.4.2 PlasticsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section 4.1.1.4.4.3 WoodRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section 4.1.3.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.or
26、g, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American National Standa
27、rds Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F2461 1624.4.4 ConcreteConcrete footings and slabs shall comply with local jurisdiction
28、 or equal to the requirements of theInternational Building Code.4.4.5 FoamFoam materials used in aquatic play components shall be skinned or of a closed cell type. Foam materials that aresubject to ultraviolet (UV) degradation shall be protected against ultraviolet light or include ultraviolet degra
29、dation inhibitors.Foam products shall not leach any chemicals that could affect water chemistry.4.4.6 Automotive or industrial tires are not permitted in the aquatic play environment.4.5 Components:4.5.1 NettingNetting material for structural purpose, subject to UV degradation, shall be protected fr
30、om U/V exposure orinclude U/V degradation inhibitors.4.5.2 Fasteners and CablesFasteners are required to comply with Practice F2291-06A, Section 16 and also Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487-07a Section 4.2.1 to Section 4.2.2 inclusive.4.5.2.1 Fasteners in aquatic play components when l
31、ocated on walking, stepping, sitting and sliding surfaces of aquatic playcomponents and wet decks shall be flush, and without any sharp or abrasive finish.4.5.2.2 All fasteners used to construct Aquatic Play Equipment shall be maintained and consistent as specified by themanufacturer.4.5.2.3 All fas
32、teners, connecting, and covering devices shall be corrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion-resistantcoating.4.5.2.4 When installed in accordance with the manufacturers specifications, fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shallnot loosen or be removable without the use of tools.4.5.
33、2.5 Hardware in moving joints shall also be secured against unintentional loosening.4.5.2.6 Moving suspended elements shall be connected to the fixed support with bearings or bearing surfaces that serve toreduce friction or wear.4.5.2.7 Steel cable that is permanently affixed to a hanger assembly pe
34、rforms as a bearing surface. Cable ends shall beinaccessible or capped to prevent injury from frayed wires. Cables and steel-cored ropes should be protected to prevent fraying,loosening, unraveling, or excessive shifting of joints.4.5.3 Electrical ComponentsElectrical components that require power t
35、o operate, should be installed with the materials,voltage and grounding requirements as required by local governing authorities and NFPA 70.4.5.4 Coatings shall comply with Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07A, Section 4.1.4.5.5 Replacement Parts for Aquatic Play Equipment shall be:4.
36、5.5.1 Procured from the original manufacturer of the aquatic play equipment, using the appropriate manufacturer-suppliedidentifying nomenclature; or4.5.5.2 Procured or produced to meet or exceed the manufacturers minimum specification.5. Design5.1 Load Calculations:5.1.1 Slide BedsRefer to Consumer
37、Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section 12.4.1.4.5.1.2 Loading Test CriteriaRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section 12.2.5.1.3 Components and Structures Subjected to Vertical LoadsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1487-07a, Section 12.4 thro
38、ugh Section 12.4.1.1 inclusive.5.1.4 Structures Containing Two or More Longitudinal ComponentsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1487-07a, Section 12.4.1.2.5.1.5 Individual SurfacesRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section 12.4.1.3.5.1.6 Components with De
39、signated OccupancyRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section12.4.1.5.5.1.7 Components Subjected to Lateral LoadsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section 12.5through Section 12.5.2 inclusive.5.1.8 Alternative Testing for Structural IntegrityRefe
40、r to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a, Section12.6.5.2 Structural Design:5.2.1 Structural integrity tests shall be conducted by manufacturers as per Practice F2291-06A, Section 8.6 through 8.16inclusive.5.2.1.1 In multi-level, composite play structures provide lateral sway brace l
41、oads of 24 lb per ft (350 N/m) parallel and 10 lbper ft (145.9 N/m) perpendicular to the floor or platform level.5.2.1.2 Wind LoadFor structures with elevated platforms where the height of the platform is larger than the width or depthof the elevated platform, the composite structure shall be design
42、ed to withstand 100 mph wind (3 s gust) for non-operationalconditions. The calculation shall take into account roofs, dump buckets, awnings, flags, banners, or any other element that mayaffect the wind load calculations.5.2.1.3 Structural calculations shall consider the combination of loads correspo
43、nding to foreseeable severe conditions.F2461 1635.2.2 Platforms, Walking or Climbing SurfacesStructural engineering of composite play structure platforms with 20 % slopeor less shall be based upon a live load as per Practice F2291-06a, Section 8.15 and occupancy of 3 ft2 per person.5.2.3 Stairs, Gua
44、rdrails, and Handrails:5.2.3.1 Guardrails shall be designed to comply with Practice F2291 Section 14, with the exception that the maximum openingsize shall reject a torso probe as specified in Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07a FigA1.2 (see Appendix X1).5.2.3.2 Stairs and handrails
45、shall be designed to comply with Practice F2291 Section 14.5.2.4 Netting Reserved for future.5.2.5 For the purposes of calculations, the water load on an aquatic play component surfaces other than water slides shall bedesigned to the amount of live load on an aquatic play component or other surfaces
46、 of the composite play structure. Where used,Design/Engineers shall consider impact and dynamic loads such as water bucket dumps, and shall be included in the live loadingdesign of structures, platforms and roofs.5.2.6 Overhead play elements. Overhead climbing elements shall be designed to withstand
47、 a 200-lb (890 N) per lineal foot liveload. Their mounting and connectors shall be designed to accommodate the total live loading of the free spanned element.5.3 Access and EgressAquatic play components shall comply with Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07ASection 6 and 7 except as pr
48、ovided herein.5.3.1 Composite play structures utilizing multiple aquatic play components are permitted in wet decks, wading pools and as ameans of access to a pool when it conforms to the requirements of Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487-07 ASections 9.7 and 9.8 and the requirements of
49、 this standard.5.3.2 Unenclosed level, stair or ramp entries are permitted.5.3.3 Unless otherwise specified herein, aquatic play components are permitted to be accessed to and from wet decks and fromthe perimeter of or from within wading pools, swimming pools or leisure pools.5.3.4 All means of entry and egress shall be slip resistant.5.3.5 Access to and from composite play structures and soft contained play systems is permitted from pool decks, wet decksand from inside the pool.5.4 Climb ResistanceThe following are climb-resistant under this standard:
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