1、Designation: F2467 06 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forMeasuring Static Sealing Pressure Using Pressure-Indicating Film (PIF) in Transportation Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2467; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a standard means for measuringinitial static se
3、aling pressure in transportation applications.1.2 It uses a pressure-indicating film (PIF) that will recordthe maximum load imprint of the seal-to-flange interfaces. Theimprints will vary in intensity based on load across and alongthe interface.1.3 These imprints can be used to determine if initial
4、loadon the gasket is adequate to attain a seal. These imprints mayalso indicate correct bolt torque sequence. These imprints mayalso be used to determine if the mating surface waviness orlocal flatness meets gasket requirements. Roughness is rarelyfound by PIFs because peak-to-peak wavelengths are t
5、oo short.PIF is very good at finding waviness (peak to peak 2.5 mm)and local flatness dips. PIFs provide an approximation ofmaximum pressures, and do not take into account relaxation ofthe joint after the torque sequence. Other methods involvingdynamic measurement should be used if flange loading af
6、terrelaxation is desired.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations pri
7、or to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 pressure-indicating film (PIF), n film that will,under varying clamp forces, give a varying imprint or colordensity that correlates directly with the joint clamp forceapplied in a given area.3. Special Test Equipment and Materials3.1 Pressure-indicating
8、film (PIF) in the required pressurerange(s).3.2 A bolt micrometer or torque wrench for quantifyingfastener load or sequence or both. For yielded fastenerapplications, torque versus yield or angle recording equipmentis also required.3.3 Subassembly test stand with one set of mating parts ofthe joint
9、(minimum) and a complete set of fasteners. A new setof fasteners for each run shall be used if the torque loading ishigh enough to cause plastic deformation of the bolts.3.4 A sufficient quantity of gaskets to complete the requirednumber of tests as agreed upon between producer and user.Reuse of gas
10、kets after initial tightening is not allowed, unlessapproved by the user.3.5 Manual densitometer or automatic scanning device forreading color density (optional).4. Summary of Practice4.1 PIF is placed between a gasket or seal and one or bothof the mating flanges. Using the specified torque sequence
11、, theassembly is clamped together. After the specified waitingperiod, the system is unclamped and the PIF removed. Thevisible color pattern denotes where clamp pressure is present.The approximate pressure can be determined from colordensity using a reflective (optical) densitometer or an auto-matic
12、scanning device in conjunction with a computer conver-sion program designed for the films. Follow the PIF suppliersguidelines with regard to how color density relates to pressurefor a given PIF.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is a screening tool and should be used inconjunction with other m
13、ore accurate real-time load-measuringtechniques.5.2 This practice covers the use of PIF, which is available inseveral load ranges. This practice also covers the use of amanual or automatic scanning device to read indicated load.5.3 Limitations include those applications in which the PIFmay be kinked
14、, twisted, or buckled. PIF does not withstandelevated temperature, low temperature, or fluid aging and doesnot take into account any relaxation of bolts, gasket materials,or flange twisting, as it provides only the maximum attainedpressure.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F
15、03 on Gaskets andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.10 on Composite Gaskets.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2467 06. DOI:10.1520/F2467-06R13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
16、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Conditioning6.1 Conditioning of the assembly or gaskets before test isnot specified, but may be required, as agreed upon between theproducer and user. No special conditioning of the PIF isrequired.7. Sampling7.1 The number of engin
17、e parts and components to beevaluated using this practice shall be agreed upon betweenproducer and user.7.2 Mating flanges in the test area shall be examined fornicks or scratches that may affect test results. Componentsshall be repaired or replaced as required.8. Measurements8.1 Measurement of the
18、color density of the pattern can bedone with a manual or automatic scanning device,densitometer, using the PIF suppliers recommended guide-lines. PIF measuring accuracy can, however, be adverselyaffected by aging of the pressure pattern by artificial or naturallight (limit exposure of film containin
19、g the pressure pattern tolight sources, which can fade the resultant pressure pattern).9. Procedure9.1 Select the appropriate range of PIF. This may be donebased on prior experience or by trial and error. Most sealingapplications may start out using PIF in the low-pressureregions. Head or exhaust ga
20、sket joints typically use PIF in themedium- to high-pressure regions. Consult the PIF supplierguidelines to determine the proper film type to use based onexpected load ranges. Head gasket coolant and oil sealing areaevaluation will typically use medium PIF, while combustionsealing area evaluation wi
21、ll typically use high PIF. One-partPIF is preferred for head gasket system evaluations. It ispreferable to have the glossy side oriented toward the gasket. Ifa two-part PIF is used, the two portions of PIF should only bebrought together right before the test, and must be separatedquickly after the t
22、est to avoid continuing color development,which can affect the result.9.2 Using properly sized film, punch holes to allow clear-ance for fasteners, dowels, and so forth.9.3 Properly clean parts to ensure they are free of fluids andother contaminants as this will affect color intensity.9.4 Shim as ne
23、cessary to compensate for PIF interferencewith joint clamp load. This is necessary only when the PIFtemplate does not cover the entire flange surface (user onlywants to measure a portion of a flange surface).9.5 Loosely assemble the joint with the PIF on one or bothsides of the joint.9.6 Begin tight
24、ening the bolts in the pattern specified for thejoint.9.7 Tighten bolts in at least three increments to attain thefinal specified torque. This is to be done to avoid artificiallyhigh readings as well as over compression of the paper androcking of the joint. Alternatively, production validation mayus
25、e a multiple spindle to tighten bolts per the productionprocess conditions.9.8 Leave the joint assembled under final torque for theperiod of time recommended by the PIF supplier, usually 2 minminimum. Record the total exposure time under final torque.9.9 Disassemble the joint by carefully relieving
26、the torquefrom the fasteners using the reverse order of the initial torquesequence. Remove the PIF. Label the PIF with date of test, partlevel, test laboratory relative humidity and ambienttemperature, PIF type (ultra low, super low, low; medium;high), bolt torque, and any other pertinent informatio
27、n.9.10 Conduct visual inspection and measure color densityusing a densitometer following the PIF suppliers guidelinesaccordingly. Other automatic scanning devices may also beused as agreed upon between producer and user.9.11 Take color photographs of the PIFs (optional).9.12 To avoid fading of color
28、 density, store PIFs in a darkarea, away from fluorescent or natural light.10. Report10.1 A report normally consists of just the PIF impressionsand pressure readings along with the information as agreedupon in 9.9 and 9.10.11. Keywords11.1 gasket; PIF; pressure; pressure-indicating filmASTM Internat
29、ional takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely the
30、ir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should
31、be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standar
32、ds, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2467 06 (2013)2
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